PER-005 System Personnel Training

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1 NERC Training PER-005 System Personnel Training EMS User Group Meeting September 21, 2010 Chicago, IL Presented By Robin Podmore IncSys, Issaquah, WA

2 Objectives Orientation to North America Power System NERC Interconnections Regional Entities Reliability Coordinators Balancing Authorities Transmission Operators PER-005 System Personnel Training

3 NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation The Electric c Reliability Organization a for North America Provides electricity to 334 million people Has a total electricity demand of 830 gigawatts (830,000 megawatts) Has 211,000 miles or 340,000 km of high-voltage transmission line (230,000 volts and greater) Represents more than $1 trillion (US) worth of assets.

4 NERC - continued Works with the industry to develop reliability standards Enforces compliance with those reliability standards and assesses monetary and non-monetary penalties for noncompliance Assesses future bulk power system reliability via annual summer, winter and 10-year forecasts Analyzes system events

5 NERC - continued Monitors the status of the bulk power system Coordinates physical and cyber security needs Identifies trends and potential reliability issues Helps the industry train and educate system operators Certifies system operators

6 NERC Interconnections

7 Disturbances within an Interconnection

8 Interconnection MW Eastern Interconnection 650,000 MW Western Interconnection 130,000 MW ERCOT - Texas 70,000 MW Quebec 35,000 MW

9 NERC Regional Entities

10 Balancing Authority The responsible entity that integrates resource planning. Maintains load-interchange-generation balance within a Balancing Authority Area, Supports Interconnection frequency in real time.

11 WECC Balancing Authorities

12 Balancing Authorities - Washington Avista Bonneville Power Administration Chelan County PUD Douglas County PUD Grant County PUD Puget Sound Energy Seattle City Light Tacoma Power PGE

13 PER System Personnel Training

14 Background to PER-005 US Canada Outage Report, November, 2003 NERC 2003 Blackout Report Feb 10, 2004 Recommendation 6 FERC certifies NERC as the ERO, July 2006 FERC NOPR 693. March 16, 2007 NERC Standard PER-005 Approved by NERC Board of Trustees, Feb 10, 2009 FERC NOPR on PER-005 June 17, Copyright Incremental Systems Corporation

15 U.S. Canada Power System Outage Task Force Report November 2003 U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force: Programs for operator training and retraining should be administered Full-scale simulator should be made available to provide operating personnel with hands-on experience in dealing with possible emergency or other system conditions Procedures and training programs for system operators should Procedures and training programs for system operators should include anticipation, recognition and definition of emergency situations

16 NERC Blackout Report, February 10, 2004 NERC found during its investigation that some reliability coordinators and control area operators had not received adequate training in recognizing and responding to system emergencies. Most notable was the lack of realistic simulations and drills for training and verifying the capabilities of operating personnel. This training deficiency contributed to the lack of situational awareness and failure to declare an emergency when operator intervention was still possible prior to the high speed portion of the sequence of events Copyright Incremental Systems Corporation

17 NERC Blackout Report, February 10, 2004 Recommendation 6: All reliability coordinators, control areas, and transmission operators shall provide at least five days per year of training and drills in system emergencies, using realistic simulations, for each staff person with responsibility for the real-time operation or reliability monitoring of the bulk electric system Copyright Incremental Systems Corporation

18 FERC Order 693, March 16, 2007 Order 693 FERC Directed NERC to: Identify expectations of training for each job function Develop training programs tailored to each job functions Expand applicability to include; reliability coordinators, local transmission control center operator personnel, generator operators, operations planning and operations support staff Use a Systematic Approach to Training Use simulators

19 PER System Personnel Training Who is Affected? Reliability Coordinators RC Transmission Operators TOP Balancing Authority BA Within those organizations all Bulk Electric System Operators (The same folks that have NERC certifications)

20 PER System Personnel Training Why? Certification provides for the Minimally Qualified Practitioner i.e., are they able to perform independently? PER-005 is intended to provide the rest of the training to develop a well qualified operator Capable of independent operation of the Bulk Electric System Note: Not distribution dispatchers or generation operators yet

21 PER System Personnel Training When? R1 and R2 - First day of the calendar quarter after 24 months past final approval (NERC board or regulatory approval which ever is later) R3 - First day of the calendar quarter past final approval (NERC board or regulatory approval which ever is later) R3.1 - First day of the calendar quarter after 36 months past final approval (NERC board or regulatory approval which ever is later)

22 PER System Personnel Training What? R1- Use Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) and Implement Training Program. R1.1 Create list of BES Company Specific Reliability Related Tasks. R1.1.1 Update the list each calendar year. R12L R1.2 Learning Objectives and dtraining i materials based on the task list created in R1.1 R1.3 Deliver the training established in R1.2 R1.4 Annual evaluation of the training program to identify needed changes and implement the changes.

23 PER System Personnel Training What? (continued) R2 Verify each System Operator s capabilities to perform each task identified in R1.1 at least once. R2.1 Within six months of modifying a task, verify each System Operator s capability to perform the new or modified task. R3 At least every 12 months provide 32 hours of EOPs training. Applicable to your organization Includes Restoration Drills and Exercises

24 PER System Personnel Training What continued? Also more WHO? R3.1 - Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority and Transmission Operator that has operational authority or control over Facilities with established IROLs or has established operating guides or protection systems to mitigate IROL violations shall provide each System Operator with emergency operations training using simulation technology such as a simulator, virtual technology, or other technology that replicates the operational behavior of the BES during normal and emergency conditions.

25 FERC NOPR on PER System Personnel Training FERC NOPR, June 17, 2010 proposes to approve Reliability Standards PER (System Personnel Training) and PER (Reliability Coordination Staffing)

26 FERC NOPR on PER System Personnel Training NOPR Directs NERC to: Modify PER to explicitly address training for local control center personnel. Develop training programs tailored to each job functions Expand applicability to include; reliability coordinators, local transmission control center operator personnel, generator operators, operations planning and operations support staff Use a Systematic Approach to Training Use simulators

27 FERC NOPR on PER System Personnel Training Use of Simulators System-customized simulator training would further the Blackout Report goal of providing realistic simulations. Because each system is topologically unique, training on a simulator specific to one s own system ( custom simulation ) would necessarily better prepared an operator on that system than generic simulation training. Custom simulation is considered to be highly effective because it provides trainees with realistic and relevant contexts in which to test and develop their understanding, knowledge and competence. It trains operators on specific control strategies t for their own system. It will allow the system operator to better understand how his actions and reactions will affect the particular assets and environment in which the operator works.

28 FERC NOPR on PER System Personnel Training Use of Simulators Simulation training that utilizes an environment that resembles the expected system conditions during emergency, results in more effective troubleshooting during emergencies as it better prepares the operators to identify changes and symptoms, correctly locate the problem and take necessary actions to fix the problem.

29 FERC NOPR on PER System Personnel Training Use of Simulators The Commission citing concerns regarding the high costs to develop and maintain full-scale simulators, concluded that the directive does not mean that entities must develop and maintain full-scale simulators but rather they should have access to training on simulators. As such, we would not expect an entity to necessarily use a simulator that replicates its own hardware, but we believe that there may be other tools that would allow an entity to input its own system files to a vendor simulator so the vendor simulator would run that entity s system s power flows over a range of operating conditions and test operator response.

30 FERC NOPR on PER System Personnel Training Support Personnel: With regard to the directive to consider Energy Management System (EMS) support personnel, the Commission noted that EMS support personnel can also have an impact on the reliable operation of the Bulk-Power System. These are the personnel responsible for ensuring that critical EMS reliability applications, such as state estimation, contingency analysis and alarm processing packages, are available, contain up-to- date system data and produce useable results. Because the impact of these employees upon Reliable Operation is not as clear, we directed d the ERO to consider, through h the Reliability Standards development process, whether personnel that perform these additional functions should be included in mandatory training pursuant to PER

31 FERC NOPR on PER System Personnel Training Support Personnel: We continue to believe that requiring a comprehensive training We continue to believe that requiring a comprehensive training program is important, specifically one that includes training for generator operators and for operations planning and operations support staff.

32 PowerSimulator Milestones Free PC based Generic PowerSimulator with EPRI OTS distributed May Web based Generic PowerSimulator with 40 hours of emergency operations training available Jan Custom PowerSimulator BRICK available Jan 2006 Compute Cloud version of PowerSimulator available Jan 2009 Global client version of PowerSimulator available October Copyright Incremental Systems Corporation

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BEFORE THE FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION ) ) )

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BEFORE THE FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION Coordination of Protection Systems for Performance During Faults and Specific Training for Personnel Reliability Standards ) ) )