Colonel Laurie Moe Buckhout Department of the Army Chief, Army Electronic Warfare Division

Transcription

1 Colonel Laurie Moe Buckhout Department of the Army Chief, Army Electronic Warfare Division Electronic Warfare Conference 2010 April 2010 This briefing is UNCLASSIFIED Army Electronic Warfare Establishing an Enduring Core Competency for Today s Fight and Tomorrow s 1

2 Challenges The revolutionary change to warfare from this war is the use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. (LTG Thurman G-3/5/09) Irregular warfare and asymmetric threats have made Electronic Warfare (EW) a necessary core competency for every ground combatant. EW is not just Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) anymore. The ground combatant needs EW tools and capabilities 24/7. Army has no modern or leading edge Electronic Attack capabilities in an acquisition status that employ advanced technology in the Radio Frequency (RF), Directed Energy (DE), Electro-Optical (EO) or Infrared (IR) domains. Army is critically underinvested in EA when considering the target set, emerging requirements and proliferation of technology that depends on the EMS. The fundamental change to warfighting is the advent of a wireless world where all forms of data transmissions, no matter how important or insignificant, are taking place via open emissions of electromagnetic energy. Coupled with the proliferation of technology and the accelerating importance of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) as a military target set and a battlespace domain becomes much clearer. To ignore this reality is to create military risk. 2

3 How We Apply Electronic Fires Today Single Box Solutions or Low Density / High Demand Joint Assets Against a Narrow Target Set Approach is Unsustainable, Reactive, and Costly 3

4 Use of EW For Force Application is not yet Realized Fused Projectiles (Rocket, Artillery, mortars) Surveillance Radars military and commercial C2 communications Media HPM Air/ground Data links ISR Sensors RCIED personnel Fire Directing Manpads Deep and buried targets mmw / UWB Fuses Wireless Networks Electronic components of vehicle, equipment, and infrastructure Fire Finders Sample Targets EW can Affect Every enemy weapons system or article of equipment that transmits, receives or is susceptible to EM energy is a potential EW target. USSTRATCOM Operational Concept for EW, 29 June

5 Threat EW Capabilities Continue to Evolve (Open Source) China EW Jan 07 Anti Satellite Weapon UHF-band Satellite Comms Jammers PLA is investing in electronic countermeasures, defenses against electronic attack (e.g., electronic and infrared decoys, angle reflectors, and false target generators) "Gaoxin Project" - Y-8 EW Aircraft series Manpack Direction-Finding (DF) system for the Very- High-Frequency (VHF) Band Portable Signal Collection System for Locating and "Fingerprinting" Radars Iranian EW Al Qaeda EW 2004 Emergence of IEDs / VBIEDs Composition: artillery, mortar shells or homemade explosive, complex explosives poured into concrete Triggers & Methods: mobile phones, washing machine timers, pagers, garage door openers, burglar alarms, key fobs, doorbells, or remote controls for toy cars Increase in remote detonation, command detonated, radio, cell phone, victim operated, infrared Man portable air defense systems (MANPADS) Russia EW Iran has an array of ground based jammers Hizballah's Iranian systems neutralized Israeli EW Iranian-supplied EW technology to Hizballah limited effectiveness of Israeli air defense systems Hezbollah's use of Iranian Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Iran Electronics Industries (IEI) makes electro-optics and lasers, communication equipment, telecommunication security equipment, electronic warfare equipment, new and refurbished radar tubes, and missile launchers Russia has high power laser operated systems, the Rosa-E and the Ranet-E that are designed to neutralize hostile radars and neutralize attack systems that use electronic signals. Radio Frequency Directed Energy Weapons Improved anti-air and anti-ship missiles with sophisticated tracking and guidance radars that incorporate EW countermeasures. Has deployed anti-satellite weapons and is developing anti-satellite jamming weapons 5 5

6 Next Generation Army Electromagnetic Fires will Address EW Capability Gap Potential Targets Vulnerable to Electromagnetic Fires Future Fight Future Fight C4 Systems (C2 Comms, Air & ground Data links, RCIEDs) Sensors (Radars, Unattended ground sensors, Passive Target Detectors) Information Systems and Infrastructure Vehicles, system components Troops (Non-Lethal) Position, Navigation and Timing Capabilities Electronic Components of Supporting Infrastructure Remotely Piloted and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Manpads Missiles Fused Projectiles (Rocket, Artillery, mortars) Hard and Deeply Buried Targets Weapons of Mass Destruction Current Fight Radio Controlled IEDs Every enemy weapons system or article of equipment that transmits, receives or is susceptible to EM energy is a potential EW target. USSTRATCOM Operational Concept for EW, 29 June

7 VCSA Approved Way Ahead for EW is Integrated EW System (IEWS) "One of the enduring features of any future battlefield will be determined (by) resourceful enemies attempting to undermine our will by leveraging the electronic spectrum. Building an EW structure within the Army will greatly enhance our ability to proactively counter these threats. A commitment to EW allows us to tightly integrate non-kinetic and kinetic capabilities across the Army and as part of joint operations. GEN Peter Chiarelli, Vice Chief of Staff of the US Army Integrated Electronic Warfare System is a family of systems designed to provide EW capabilities to the Army and Joint Force Commander to meet the changing operational threats or vulnerabilities within the electromagnetic spectrum now through Capabilities will include standalone and coordinated electronic attack enabled by Integrated Electronic Support (ES) (i.e. sensing) and electronic protect. Command and control will align with fires and maneuver force concepts, but should be compatible with other battlefield operating systems to include Joint EW Battle Management. IEWS will include an EW Planning and Battle Management capability for the EWO. IEWS is focused on small unit tactical support. Intent is to provide the force with highly responsive Non-Kinetic capabilities IEWS through its ground Tactical Electromagnetic Fires System (TEFS) subsumes the CREW mission transitioning from a stovepiped, one-box, one- target approach to a robust multi-function / multi-mission warfighting capability. Current Lines of Operations regarding Army AEA and Active Denial System (ADS) will form part of IEWS 7

8 Tactical Electromagnetic Fires System (TEFS) TEFS is Increment 1 of IEWS Addresses Army s Ground EA Requirements. Expect AOA initiation o/a 3Q 2010 Aligns with Fires command and control Leverages Modern and COTS Technology Robust System available throughout the force at Battalion and below Modular, scalable open architecture System maintains Integrated EA / ES Subsumes the CREW mission Reprogrammable and Tailorable to the mission needs for EA Adds Counter-Comms and additional EA missions Joint ICD defines requirement and direction AoA will define what is possible / affordable Follow on Increments Refine TEFS capabilities Determine Total Army replacement of Legacy CREW with TEFS Integrates AEA Fully networked capability TEFS is a non-kinetic weapons option for the ground commander 8

9 TEFS will Replace CREW Mission and Provide Robust Force Application EA to the Warfighter IEWS CVRJ TEFS (1) TEFS (Increment 1 to IEWS) provides robust EA while subsuming the CREW capability on same system DUKE TEFS (2) TEFS (Increment 2 to IEWS) Replaces all Army CREW Systems FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 IEWS JCIDS documentation completed FY09 Joint ICD adopted as Army s requirements documentation for IEWS (called out in App. K) IEWS is the top ranked material solution for land forces Subsumes CREW mission as part of a multifunction EW solution Next step: Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) 9

10 IEWS Incremental Development Increment 1 to IEWS Robust Force Application & Protect EA (TEFS V1 subsumes the CREW Mission) Dismounted or Man Packed EA EWO EW Planning Tool integrated to Fires network TEFS V1 Target Sets: Electromagnetic Fires against military and commercial C2 communications; Data links and radars; vehicle, equipment, and infrastructure electronics; RCIEDs, fuses and other systems and are outlined in the Joint EW ICD, Appendix K Offensive AEA - Caesar Line of Operation Offensive EA ADS Line of Operation TEFS CONOPS: Multi Mission Capable with Distributed networking, integrated EA/ES, highly responsive to the lowest tactical element and rapidly reprogrammable to address the threats of interest Increment 2 to IEWS produces Integrates additional targets ; DRFM (advanced Jamming) Integrates AEA; Provides for rapid reprogramming, fully distributed, net worked capability, EW planning and BM capability integrates to joint systems. All CREW Systems replaced by TEFS V2 technology Increment 3 to IEWS produces Additional complement of Directed Energy Weapons Systems such as to enable attack against vehicle, equipment, and infrastructure electronics; Full Spectrum; Highly Adaptive TEFS Increment 1 available at the lowest tactical level to provide small unit commander EA capabilities for Non-Lethal Force TEFS Increment 2 will integrate additional Attack capabilities and replace all legacy CREW systems 10

11 Army EW Capability Development Moving Out VCJCS validated USSTRATCOM Joint EW ICD; 16 Sept 2009 ICD calls out requirement for an IEWS capability Acquisition strategy will establish an IEWS Program of Record (POR) Awaiting Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) Study Guidance Additionally, pursuing two IEWS Lines of Operation in support to the theater Army AEA Quick Reaction Capability Active Denial System (ADS) Both capabilities to integrate to IEWS Collaborating with Headquarters USMC on Next Gen EA Capabilities Both Service conducting EW AoAs anticipate collaboration 11

12 Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) All US AEA capacity resides in large, expensive, manned USN and USAF aircraft primarily designed for RADAR jamming (SEAD) Recent experiences show that Army requires Beyond Line of Sight Jamming to support maneuver units Army can t afford ~$100M airplanes for every BCT Thankfully, modern radio technologies (the same ones being used against us) now enable EA from very small devices Radio technology continuously adds capability and shrinks size over time From HAM to Cell 12

13 JCIDS vs. Moore's law US & Army capability and capacity shortages and new US validated requirements call for UAS based AEA Army is rapidly developing AEA capabilities IAW new requirements and Senior leader guidance If teenagers can transmit and receive from something this small There's no reason the US Army can t do it on something this big 13

14 First Army AEA An EA pod designed for a Tier III UAV (Sky Warrior) Carried by manned a/c for test and evaluation phase Developed by NAVSEA with Raytheon CCS jammer from EA-18G Army AEA concept adds EA to existing platform(s) - leverage platforms already in the AO Distributed EW capabilities throughout the battlefield on myriad platforms is identical to USMC EW vision 14

15 CEASAR AEA Pod Leverages the existing MQ-1 pod based design already flight tested in Aug Takes advantage of the power on a C-12: Size: 19 x 15 x 90 Weight: ~210 lbs Power: ~5,000 Watts max Four antennas to focus on specific signals of interest. Places payload control inside the aircraft CCS Amplifiers 30 Bomb Rack Band 1 Band 2H Payload Controller AIA Band 2L 15

16 AEA on a Shadow UAS? Yes, Army and USMC think so and development is in progress Shadow is organic UAV to battalion sized maneuver units 16

17 Software Reprogrammable Payload (SRP) SRP is next generation SDR technology US Government owned, non proprietary hardware and software 17

18 Final Thoughts Why Invest In Electronic Warfare Capabilities? EW can provide the warfighter with decisive attack means against targets where the use of kinetic munitions is inappropriate, ineffective, inefficient or leads to unwarranted collateral damage. The Warfighting value of EW has yet to be realized while our adversaries continue to evolve in their use of the EMS to facilitate their operations. EW encompasses much more than the Counter-RCIED mission The target set available to the warfighter is immense yet today we can not exploit it for lack of EA capabilities. The United States Army must change how we conceptualize, define, develop, and fund Electronic Warfare capabilities. 18

19 Questions 19