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2 DOMINION OF CANADA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF PENITENTIARIES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1948 (yrrawa 1.:1):NICr\-1) r'r,outte.r. c.m (;., B.A., 17,; -; (} i Pr,.;47,

3 DOMINION OF CANADA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF PENITENTIARIES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1948 Copyright of this document does not belong to the Crown. Proper authorization must be obtained from the author for any intended use. Lesdraits dauteur du présent document n'appartiennent pas à l'état. Toute utilisation du contenu du présent blernent padautem rxern document dait api EDMOND CLOUTIER, C.M.G., B.A., L.P11., PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY CONTROLLER OF STATIONERY 1949 LIB-PARY MINISTRY OF THE SOLICITOR GENEF1A4.. OF CANAOA NOV é E00M-4E01e MINISTÈRE nu COVIR GÉNÉRAL DU CANADA OTTAWA, ONTARIO OCADA Ki A OP8

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5 To His Excellency Field Marshal the Right Honourable Viscount Alexander of Tunis, K.G., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.S.I., D.S.O., M.C., Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of Canada. MAY IT PLEASE: YOUR EXCELLENCY: I have the honour to lay before Your Excellency the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Penitentiaries for the fiscal year,ended March 31, 1948, made by him in pursuance of the provisions d Section 15 of the Penitentiary Act, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your Excellency's most obedient servant, JOSEPH JEAN, Acting Minister of Justice. To the Right Honourable Louis S. St. Laurent, P.C., K.C., LL.D., M.P., Acting Minister of Justice. SIR, In accordance with Section 15 of the Penitentiary Act, 1939, I have the honour to submit herewith the following report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1948, together with excerpts from Wardens' reports and appropriate statistics dealing with the penitentiaries. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, - R. B. GIBSON, Commissioner. OTTAWA, September 1, ; 3

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7 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE) I Administration and staff 7 Headquarters Staff 7 Penitentiary Staffs 8 Departures 8 Appointments 8 Permanency and Promotions 10 Guards Grade 2 10 Salaries of Penitentiary Officers 10 Imperial Service Medal 11 II Statistics of the Convict Population 12 Recidivism 12. Young Convicts 12 Conditional Release on Ticket-of-Leave 13 Population Trends 13 III Educational Facilities for Prisoners 14 Correspondence Courses, Department of Veterans Affairs 14 Correspondence Courses, Provincial Departments of Education 15 Correspondence Courses, Other Agencies 15 Educational Facilities in the Institutions 15 Libraries 16 IV Classification 16 V After-Care of - Prisoners 17 VI Training of Officers Training Courses 18. Penitentiary Officers Information Bulletin 19 VII Vocational Training 19 VIII Penitentiary Industries 21 Production Organization - 22 Government Contracts 23 Training 23 Industrial Service Departments 23 Clothing 24 Job Grading 24 Overall production Report 25 Industrial Articles Manufactured 26 Industrial Articles Repaired 27 Farming Operations 27 Farm Production by Penitentiary 28 5

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Concluded IX Stewards' Department 30 Kitchen Sanitation 30 Personal HYgiene 30 Painting and Decorating 30 Maintenance of Kitchen Equipment 30 Convict Training 32 Processed Meats 32 Penitentiary Farm Produce Sold to Stewards 32 ' Bread Production 32 Convict Rations 32 X Medical and Psychiatric Service 33 XI Conclusion 33 Tables Respecting Convicts Table I Movement of Population 34 Table II Nationality 35 Table III Civil State. 35 Table IV Duration of Sentence 36 Table V Ages 36 Table VI Creeds 36 Table VII Previous Convictions 37 Table VIII Movement of Convicts 37 Table IX Comparative Statement of Revenue 39 Table X Comparative Statement of Disbursements 39 Table XI Comparative Statement of Expenditures 39 Table XII Expenditures at Penitentiaries by Main Heads 40 Table XIII Expenditures on Medical and Allied Services 41 Table XIV Cell Accommodation' 41 Table XV Activities of Welfare Organizations 42 Annual Reports of the Wardens- Kingston Penitentiary 43 St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary 47 Dorchester Penitentiary 56 Manitoba Penitentiary 64 British Columbia Penitentiary 66 Saskatchewan Penitentiary 74 Collin's Bay Penitentiary 78 Statistical Data on Convicts Received during the Year by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (Table of Contents) 83 6

9 ANNUAL REPORT - OF THE COMMISSIONER OF PENITENTIARIES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1948 I ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF HEADQUARTERS STAFF 1. On June 27, 1947, Royal Assent was given to Chapter 41 of the Statutes of 1947, which amended thé Penitentiary Act, 1939, to provide for the appointment of a Commissioner of Penitentiaries responsible directly to the Minister of Justice, and of two Deputy CommiSsioners and three Assistant Commissioners to assist the Commissioner in the Management and administration of the Canadian penitentiaries. 2. The Penitentiary Act, 1939, thus amended, was brought into force by proclamation with effect from September 1, 1947, and simultaneously the following appointments were made thereunder: Major General R. B. Gibson, C.B., C.B.E., V.D., N.C., to be Commissioner of Penitentiaries. Joseph McCulley, M.A., and Louis Philippe Gendreau, M.D., to be Deputy Commissioners of Penitentiaries. Gustave Louis Sauvant, B.A., and James Anthony McLaughlin to be Assistant Commissioners. 3. Mr. Joseph McCulley, Senior Deputy Commissioner, had been for a period of twenty years Headmaster of Pickering College, Newmarket, Ontario, where he had achieved remarkable success. In 1936, when the National Employment Commission was set up to consider depression problems, Mr. McCulley was appointed a member.of the Youth Employment Committee, a sub-committee of the Commission. One of the results of the recommendations of this Committee was the establishment of the Dominion-Provincial Youth Training Plan, the project which later developed into the War Emergency Training Programme. In the summer of 1945 Mr. McCulley was asked to proceed to the United Içingdom as one of four civilian advisers on the organization of Khaki University, an educational project for members of the Armed Forces of Canada awaiting repatriation in the United Kingdom. For ten years Mr. McCulley was chairman of the Young Men's Committee of the National Council of Young Men's Christian Associations of Canada. He was also a member of the Canadian Youth Commission which recently concluded a study of problems af-fecting Canadian Ybuth in the post-war period. 4. Deputy Commissioner McCulley is primarily charged with the training, assessment and reconstruction of the staffs of the penitentiaries and with the organization and supervision- of a training school for penitentiary officers. He is also responsible for supervision and development of the educational, recreational and religious facilities in the institutions Under the control of the Dominion Government. 7

10 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 5. Deputy Commissioner L. P. Gendreau, M.D., is primarily charged with supervision and development Of the medical and psychiatric services in the penitentiaries and with the development of research and statistics to assess the adequacy and results of present and proposed methods of correctional treatment. Dr. Gendreau attended St. Boniface College and graduated from the Manitoba Medical College in An interneship at St. Boniface Hospital was followed by his appointment to the medical staff of Selkirk Mental Hospital where he served as senior psychiatrist and senior assistant physician. During World War 2 he served with the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps as adviser in psychiatry and retired from the Service in January, 1946 with the rank of Major. He holds a certificate from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons as psychiatrist and is a member of the American Psychiatric Association:. 6. Mr. G. L. Sauvant, B.A., veteran of both wars, and formerly Inspector and Acting Superintendent of Penitentiaries, was appointed Senior Assistant Commissioner and acts as assistant to the Commissioner in the general administrative duties relating to the penitentiaries. Mr. James A. McLaughlin, who has been Inspector of Penitentiaries since December, 1944, was appointed Assistant Commissioner in charge of the industrial and vocational training programs carried out in the institutions. 7. Subsequently Mr. Neil Redfearn MacLean, B.A., C.A., who has had a long experience as auditor in the Government Service and had latterly been Chief Auditor for the Unemployment Insurance Commission, was appointed as the third Assistant Commissioner to supervise methods of accounting and control of expenditures in the Penitentiary Service. 8. On November 28, 1947, Mr. Wilfred S. Lawson, 0.B.E., retired to superannuation from the position of Chief Penitentiaries Engineer, after long and distinguished service. Mr. Lawson will be remembered by all members of the Service for his vast experience and knowledge of penitentiary affairs. He was succeeded by Colonel R. W. Catto, 0.B.E., M.C., B.A.Sc., a veteran of both wars, who after twenty years as a practising architect in Toronto had a prominent part in the organization and administration of the Veterans Guard of Canada and later as Director of Buildings and Construction at National Defence Headquarters. PENITENTIARY STAFFS DEPARTURES 9. The turn-over of staffs, although not so large as in , was still more pronounced than in the pre-war years. One hundred and twenty-eight officers left the Service: 82 by resignation; 32 by retirement; and 14 by dismissal. APPOINTMENTS 10. During , there were 193 appointments, of whom 145 were veterans with overseas service. Of the total number of appointments, 155 were to the position of guard and others were to fill positions created or left vacant on either the administrative or executive staffs. Owing to the reorganization of the Penitentiary System, the Treasury Board approved of sixty-four new positions

11 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 9 in the Penitentiaries, namely: four positions on the executive staff, thirty-eight on the administrative staff and twenty-two on the custodial staff. By penitentiaries, these positions were:. Kingston Executive 1 Administrative 8 Custodial 5 14 St. Vincent de Paul Executive 2 Administrative 5 Custodial.. 3 Dorchester Administrative. 5 Custodial 6 Manitoba Administrative. 2 Custodial 2 British Columbia Administrative. 2 Custodial Saskatchewan Administrative: Custoçlial Collin's Bay Executive 1 Administrative 12 Custodial 2 These additional positions provided for the Classification Officers referred to later in this Report, for the necessary instructors to initiate vocational training at-two Eastern penitentiaries, for additional custodial staff to permit the withdrawal of officers to attend the training school, for the expansion of the educational facilities and for certain clerical positions necessitated by the increased clerical and stenographic work censequent upon the expanding facilities provided for the classification and training of the convicts. 11. The following table shows the number of appointments and the number of those whose services terminated for the last eleven years: Year Appointments Departures , ,

12 10 ' DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE PERMANENCY AND PRÔMOTIONS 12. During the year, the appointments of sixty-seven officers Were confirmed on a permanent basis, entitling the m to become contributors under the Civil Service Superannuation Act. One hundred and eleven officers who were already in the Service were prbmoted to higher positions. GUARDS GRADE Order in Council P.C. 40/1880, dated May 14, 1947, authorized the creation of the position of Guard Grade 2, the salary range of which is $2,040- $2,280. Thé number of Guards Grade 2 may not exceed 20 per cent of the authorized custodial establishment in each institution. The purpose in setting up this higher grade is to provide an avenue of promotion for the rnost promising custodial officers in the Service and to lay stress on the reformative aspect of penitentiary work and the ability of presently serving officers to develop their experience and training in that direction. SALARIES OF PENITENTIARY OFFICERS 14. The Royal Commission investigating the penal system of Canada had recommended that the pay of penitentiary officers should be brought up to a reasonable standard, having regard to the type of service performed. Certain salary increases for the positions under $2,100 came into effect on April 1, 1945 by P.C. 8/1751 dated March 16, Again, and as reported in the Acting Superintendent's report for fiscal year , salaries of penitentiary officers were revised effective January 1, 1947, as authorized by `R C. 66/1050 dated March 22, The whole matter -vvas again reviewed in April, 1948, and salaries weré revised under authority of P.C. 33/2047 dated May 7, 1948, and P.C. 40/2311 dated May 21, The Salary rates now in force are as shown hereunder, by classification of positions alphabetically arranged. The figure,between brackets indicates the annual increase. Accountant Grade 1 82,700-3, ) Accountant Grade 2 2,880-3, ) Assistant Accountant 2,220-2, ) Assistant Chief Keeper 2,580-2, ) Assistant Engineer (Plant) 2,400.2, ) Assistant Engineer (Water) 2,400-2, ) Assistant Farm Instructor 2, 040 2, 400 (60) Assistant Hospital Officer 1, 980 2, 280 (60) Assistant Schoolteacher 2,040-2,400 r0) Assistant Schoolteacher Librarian 2,040-2,400 60) Assistant Steward 2,040-2,400 60) Assistant Storekeeper 2,040 2, 400 (60) Assistant Tailor Instructor 2,040 2,400 (60) Assistant Tinsmith 2,040-2,400 (60). Bookkeeper 1,860 2, 160 (60) Censor 'Clerk 2,040-2,280 (60). Chaplain (Full-time) 3,000 (P.C. 59/2655, June 11, 1948) Chaplain (Part-time) 1,620 Chief Keeper 2,700 3, ) Chief Trade Instructor 2,700-3, ) Chief Vocational Officer 2,700-3, ) Classification Officer Grade 1 2, 520 2, ) Classification Officer Grade 2 2,880-3,240 (120) Clerk Personnel 2,040 2, 280 (60)

13 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES, 11 Clark to Chief Keeper 1, 920 2, 220 (60) Clerk to Deputy Warden 1,920-2,220 (60) Dental Mechanic 2,280-2,580 (120) Dentist (Part-time) 2,400 Deputy Warden Grade 1 3,600-4,200 (180) (less perquisites 420) Deputy Wardell Grade 2 4,200-4,500 (180) (less perquisites 450) Engineer Grade 1 2, 700 2, 880 (120) Engineer Grade 2 2,880-3,180 (120) Engineering Clerk 2,040-2,400 (60) Executive Secretary 3,120-3,600 (120) Farm Instructor 2,400-2,700 (120) Fireman 1, 920 2, 220 (60) Guard Grade 1 1,800-2,100 (60) Guard Grade 2 2,040-2,280 (120) Guard Censor Clerk 1, 860 2, 160 (60) Guard Fieldman 1, 920 2, 220 (60). Guard Herdsman 1,980-2,280 (60) Guard Messenger, 800 2, 100 (60) Guard Storeman 1,800-2,100 (60) Guard Supervisor 1, 860 2, 160 (60) Hospital Officer 2,280-2,580 (120) Instructor 2,400-2,700 (120) Instructor Broommaker 2, 040 2,400 (60) Instructor Draughting 2,400-2,700 (120) Keeper 2,220-2,580 (120) Librarian 2, 040 2, 280 (60) Matron 1,500-1,800 (60) Matron (Supervising) 1,800-2,100 (60) Psychiatrist (Full-time) 3,000-3,600 (120) Psychiatrist (Part-time) 2,400 Psychologist 2,580-3,000 (120) Physical Training Instructor - 2,040-2,400 (60) Physician (Full-time) 3,600-4,200 (120) Physician (Part-time) 2,520 (3,000 for Kingston) Schoolteacher 2,400-2,700 (120) Senior Clerk Grade 1 2,220-2,700 (120) Senior Clerk Grade 2 _ 2, 400 3, 000 (120) Senior Clerk Stenographer 2, 040 2, 280 (60) Steward Grade 1 2,400-2,700 (120) Steward Grade 2 2,400.3,000 (120) Storekeeper 2,400-2,700 (120) Warden Grade 1 4, 800 5, 400 (240) (less perquisites 540) Wardell Grade 2 5,400-6,000 (240) (less perquisites 600) IMPERIAL SERVICE MEDAL 18. His Majesty the King has been pleased to approve the award of the Imperial Service Medal to Keeper Pierre Morrot, St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary in recognition of long and meritorious service. 19. Keeper Morrot joined the service on April 19, 1920, and was retired on account of age on May 2, His services had been extended'tivice

14 12 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE II STATISTICS OF THE CONVICT POPULATION 20. Tables I to VIII following this Report give detailed statistics of the convict population for the fiscal year in question. The total population inca. r- cerated on March 31, 1948 was 3,851, an increase of 99 during the fiscal year. Since the end of World War II with Germany in May, 1945, the penitentiary population has risen from 3,129 as of March 31, 1945 to 3,851, an increase of 722 in a period of 'three years. After the first World War the penitentiary population increased from 1,468 on March 31, 1918 to 2,150 as of the same date in It must be remembered, however, that in 1921 the population of Canada was about 9,000,000 as compared to a present population of over twelve and a half million. The comparative increases in the periods following the two wars are 23 per cent following World War II as compared to 42 per cent following World War I. The present population is still substantially less than the all-time high of 4,587 reached in RECIDIVISM 21. The percentage of recidivism for is 78.31, an increase of 1.02 over the figure for This figure, however, is based on all previous convictions of any nature whether served in a penitentiary or not. Considering previous penitentiary sentences only, it is found that out of the total of 3,851 convicts on the penitentiary registers on March 31, 1948, there were 2,101 or per cent who had come to the penitentiary for the first time. The following table gives exact figures and percentages of previous penitentiary sentences by institutions: Total population March 31, 1948 No One Two Three Four or, previous previous previous previous more peniten- peniten- peniten- penitenprevious bury tiary tiary tiary penitensentences sentence sentences sentences tiary sentences Dorchester St. Vincent de Paul 1, Kingston Collin's Bay ' Manitoba Saskatchewan British Columbia Totale 3,851 2,101 1, Percentage YOUNG CONVICTS 22. The number of young convicts under 21 years of age incarcerated on March 31, was 497. Although this figure is 22 less than in the previous year, it is, however, pointed out that it is slightly«higher than in the period The age group shows the same increase generally speaking. The following table indicates the number of convicts under 21 years of age, also those under 25 serving sentences as on March 31st, since 1939:

15 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 13 Total Percentage Percentage Year Population Under 21 of Ages of. of all ages total 'total , , , , , , , , , «1948 3, During the present fiscal year, 301 young convicts under 21 years of age were admitted against 339 in and 333 in The followtable indicates the number of young convicts who have been admitted, by fiscal year, since April 1, 1937, up to March 31, 1948: ing Year ending 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 years Total March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, ' March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, CONDITIONAL RELEASE ON TICKET OF LEAVE 24. During the pasi Year 333 convicts were released upon condition of good conduct under the Ticket of Leave Act, as compared with 255 during the fiscal «year POPULATION TRENDS 25. The proportion of commitments to the Eastern penitentiaries continues.to exceed those to the Western institutions with the result that the accommodation problera at Kingston and St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiaries has given the authorities much concern. Transfers of selected prisoners to Manitoba and Dorchester Penitentiaries have been necessary to relieve.the situation. It is anticipated that the completion of the new Cell Block at Collin's Bay Penitentiary will enable greater use to be made of the facilities at that institution for first offenders and the reformable type of convict, and this will relieve the strain on the larger institutions.

16 14 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE III EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES FOR PRISONERS 26. The Royal Commission to investigate the Penal System of Canada in 1938 recommended that "educational facilities in their widest scope should be extended to all the prison population capable of benefiting by them and particularly to youths and younger men". This recommendation has been the guiding iirinciple for development in this field and the more detailed recommendations of the Conimissioners have served as a guide to action. 27. It should be pointed out that education, be it religious, academic, vocational, health, cultural or social training, is not the One perfect a,nswer to problems of rehabilitation. Furthermore, education which does not influence in some xneasure the basic attitudes which have pre-disposed the convicts to the cemmissiori of criminal acts is net fulfilling its desired end. In the development' of the educational programme, it is recognized that the inmate of a penal institution is, however, not merely a criminal in need of reform, but also an adult in need of education. The provision of more a' dequate facilities for the occupation of the many hours of monotonous leisure time will, it is believed, not only improve the educational 'standing of the individuals, but will at least provide for many of them more constructive means of employing That leisure time, and, perchance, for some of them open new vistas and suggest how their lives may be lived in ways which are contributory to the- common social good. There has been a most encouraging response on the part of the prison population to such steps as it was possible to introduce in the comparatively brief period covered by this report. There is every indication that the educational programme is gathering momentum and that by the end of the next fiscal year it will be possible to present figures indicating a very wide participation in the educational programme by the inmates of the seven federal penitentiaries. The following paragraphs indicate thé mest significant developments during the course of the year., C 0 REESP 0 ND ENC E COURSES DEPARTMENT OF 'VETERANS AFFAIRS 28. We have been able to greatly increase the availability of correspondence courses to inmates of our institutions. This has been due almost entirely to the fact that as of April 1, 1947, the Canadian Legion Educational Services were merged With the Department of Veterans Affairs. On May 23, 1947, an, Orderin-Council provided that correspondence courses formerly provided by thé Canadian Legion Educational Services rnight be extended to veterans who were inmates of federal institutions. There was some delay in making this Order-in- Council effective owing to the fact that it was desired to provide these courses, or courses similar to them, to non-veteran as well as veteran inmates. Discussions with the Department of Veterans Affairs resulted in the authorization on January 5, 1948, of the extension of these courses to non-veterans provided that necessary costs were borne by this Department. There has been a most satisfying response on the part of the inmates, both veteran and non-veteran, to this opportunity.. As the availability of these courses became more widely known to the inmates, there was a steadily increasing interest and at date March 31, 1948, there were registrations as follows: Veterans 86 Non-veterans By that time, eleven certificates for successful completion of courses had been issued. At the time of making this report, the number of registrations is constantly increasing and it is anticipated that the nuniber of registrations may be quadrupled during the next fiscal year. 30. Opportunity is hereby taken to thank the Superintendent of Institu- -tional Training of the Department of Veterans Affairs and his staff for their interest and co-operation.

17 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 15 CORRESPONDENCE COTJRSES PROVINCIAL DEPARTMENTS OF EDTJCATION 31. At the same time, every effort has been made to co-operate with the Correspondence Study Branches of the various provincial Departments of Education to whom thanks are tendered for their ready co-operation. The program of Correspondence Study varies considerably in the different provinces but all of them have expressed their willingness to assist in whatever way is possible. The provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario and Nova Scotia provide course s. free of charge to residents of their respective provinces incarcerated in federal institutions. The province of Saskatchewan provides public school courses free of charge, and fees are waived for other students on presentation by the Warden of a statement of financial inability to pay. In the province of British Columbia, this provision has been in operation for some fifteen years and the wide variety of courses available in that province has almost entirely obviated the necessity for D.V.A. courses in the British Columbia Penitentiary. 32. The Canadian Education Association, which includes representatives of the Departments of Education of all the provinces, provides in its annual meeting an opportunity to consult with educators generally regarding the development of our educational program. Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility and for the fullest possible development of our program it is desirable to maintain the closest possible relationship with the provincial educational authorities. The appreciation of this Department is expressed to the officials of the various provincial Departments of Education and to the officers of the Canadian Education Association.who have been most sympathetic to all our requests for co-operation. CORRESPONDENCE COURSES OTHER AGENCIES 33. There are other agencies which offer specialized conespondence courses of various kinds. Convicts who have funds available are permitted to enroll for these courses when adequete investigation determines that the organizations concerned are genuinely educational in nature. A number of convicts are availing themselves of this opportunity.. Couespondence study facilities are also available through the Departments of Extension of certain of our Canadian TJniversities. A limited number of inmates of more advanced educational standing are availing themselves of the opportunity for university study, with most satisfactory results. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN THE INSTITUTIONS 341. For many years the penitentiaries have endeavoured to provide a basic education, for illiterates and low literates. For this purpose at least one schoolteacher lias been included as a member of the staff of each institution and facilities provided for the attendance of convicts of low educational standing in the penitentiary school. On account of the increase in educational facilities generall y in the institutions, it has been found necessary to increase the professional staff as follows : British Columbia Penitentiary, Saskatchewan Penitentiary, Manitoba Penitentiary, Collin's Bay Penitentiary, St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary, and Dorchester Penitentiary, each has a school teacher and an assistant schoolteacher, all of whom have professional teacher's qualifications. Kingston Penitentiary has a schoolteacher and two assistant schoolteachers. St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary has, in addition to its teaching staff, a full-time qualified librarian. In the other institutions the care and management of the penitentiary library is in the hands of the school staff. 35. Because of the inadequate facilities for caatying on the educational program at St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary recommendation was made and approved for the erection of a new school building at that institution. NeCessary provision was niade in the estimates for the current year, plans were drawn, and actual construction of the new building will shortly be commenced. It is hoped

18 16 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE that this new building providing more adequate facilities for the educational program will be ready for occupancy during the course of the next fiscal year. 36. Steps are also being taken for the improvement of the educational facilities at all the other institutions. At British Columbia Penitentiary the school has been redecorated, provided with fluorescent lighting and new schoolroom furniture. Renovation of other schoolrooms is being undertaken with a view.to making the school classrooms more attractive in appearance and more efficient centres of academic work. 37. Schoolteachers are being encouraged to develop special programs suitable to their own, inmate population. A program of lectures by university professors was held at both British Columbia and Kingston Penitentiaries, lecturers being provided by Queen's University and the University of British Columbia. 38. Another interesting innovation was the organization of a special class in geology and mineralogy at British Columbia Penitentiary. Instruction was provided by the university authorities to a class of fourteen carefully selected inmates. On the successful completion of the course, graduates would be eligible, on release, for the grubstake for prospectors provided by the Government of British Columbia. It is felt that other institutions may be able to develop special programs of this nature having relevance or significance for the particular area in which the penitentiary is located. LIBRARIES 39. A penitentiary library is a very important part of the life of the institution. All convicts have a considerable amount of leisure time and the provision of suitable reading material is one method of utilizing this time with some possible advantage to the inmates. 40. The American Prison Library Association sets a standard for prison libraries of ten volumes per inmate, divided in the proportion of 7.5 fiction and 2.5 non-fiction and technical books. This standard is our objective. 41. During the war it was difficult to get adequate supplies of suitable books and particularly so of French books. Library appropriations have been increased and penitentiary librarians are working to bring each of the institutional libraries up to the approved standard. An allowance of one dollar per convict is made for the purchase of magazines and periodicals. Attention is being given to the improvement.of the library facilities.and in a number of cases lay-outs of the libraries have been changed so as to provide for the more efficient functioning of the department. General practice places the library under the control of the schoolteacher but on account of the size of the institution and the bilingual character of the ' population, a full-time librarian has been appointed at St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary. IV CLASSIFICATION. 42. The basis of modern penological treatment is the adequate classification of convicts into types suitable for varied forms of treatment and the segregation of certain classes of prisoners in separate institutions. Under present conditions it has not been possible to carry out a complete program of institutional segregation, but a considerable measure of segregation has been effected within each individual institution. As physical conditions permit, it is planned to proceed further with the program of segregation both by institutions and within institutions. In the Meantime, Collin's Bay Penitentiary at Kingston is -being used exclusively for the,incarceration and treatment of young offenders and reformable types.

19 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES As a necessary preliminary to the program of segregation a more adequate systein of classification has been introduced in all seven penitentiaries. Classification Officers have been appointed. These officers all have had special training either in schools of social work, faculties of education or as personnel workers. It is the duty of the Classification Officer to prepare case histories of all newcomers to the institution and to make recommendations for convicts' education, occupation and general treatment, to the Classification Board of the institution. Copies of the Classification Officer's interview records are forwarded to the office of the Commissioner and it is anticipated that as the program develops these interview records will form ' a valuable source of information both for the Commissioner's office and for the Director of Remission Service. 44. Classification Officers are available for convict int erviews on request to discuss individual plans, education, etc. Increasingly, Classification Officers are being asked by convicts for interviews. It is obvious that the work of the Classification Officer will be a major factor in the development of the program of institutional treatment which is reformative and rehabilitative in its main emphasis. 45. Classification Officers are also asked to make special reports on individual problem cases for the guidance of the Classification Board, the Warden, and the Commissioner. 46. Probable release dates of convicts are available three months in advance. When the convict's release date becomes available, the Classiftcation Officer interviews him as a matter of routine procedure and advises him of the facilities which are available for assistance on discharge from the prison. If a convict wishes to avail himself of the assistance of a prisoners' aid society arrangements are made for an interview by the accredited representative of the particular Society in question. The Classification Officer is always present at these interviews, acts as the official representative of the penitentiary and with his knowledge of the convict provides useful information for the benefit of the prisoners' aid organization. 47. In every case the Classification Officer acts as secretary of the Classification Board, co-operates with the chaplains, schoolteachers and instructors in the planning of programs for individual convicts and in general reflects in the life of the institution the major emphasis on reformation and rehabilitation. - V AFTER CARE OF PRISONERS 48. The current year has seen a considerable improvement in the facilities available for assistance to convicts on discharge. It has been the policy of the Commissioner to assist in every possible way, all organizations devoting themselves selves to the assistance of discharged prisoners. The Canadian Penal Association under its President, Mr. J. Alex Edmison, K. C., has undertaken the organization and co-ordination of local and provincial prisoners' aid societies. In certain areas prisoners' aid organizations have been in existence for many years, but even in such cases the work has been stimulated during the current year. At_the date of this report societies have been either completely organized or are in process of organization in all parts of the country except -in the Maritime Provinces, and it is hoped that in the not too distant future this area will also be served with an efficient prisoners' aid organization. 49. Reference has been made above to the facilities afforded to the accredited representatives of the societies for interview of prospective dischargees prior to release. Prisoners are also encouraged to visit the local offices of the societies subsequent to discharge. In many cases, the societies' representatives follow up individual cases for a considerable time after release. Many encouraging examples

20 18 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE of successful rehabilitation have been brought to the attention of this office. It has been truly said that for most prisoners the real punishment begins when the individual is released from the institution and he endeavours. to readjust himself to the normal life of a free society. No matter what may be done in the way of treatment in the institution, it is wasted effort unless the new attitudes and skills developed in the course of the institutional treatment can be translated into effective action on the return of the individual to a free life. When a convict is discharged he needs not merely some material assistance, but a place to live, a job, and above all, needs a friendly hand. It is for this reason that much effort has been expended during the current year on the development and encouragement of the work of the varieus prisoners' aid societies. Mention should be made of the fact that most of the English-speaking prisoners' aid societies are adopting the name of John Howard, the great penal reformer of the. eighteenth century. 50. Recognizing the vital importance of the work of these societies a recommendation has been approved, and provision made in the estimates for the coming year for Societies functioning with a reasonable degree of efficiency to receive financial assistance from the Dominion Government based on the numbers released from federal institutions who have been assisted. 51. Mention should be made of the cordial co-operation extended by representatives of local branches of the Salvation Army who have been and continue to be interested in the plight of the less fortunate members of society. Representatives of the Salvation Army are extended priviliges of interview with convicts and all across the country local branches of the society are generous in the provision of meals and accommodation at local hostels. 52. French-speaking organizations in the cities of Montreal and Quebec are co-operating with. the John Howard Societies under the general aegis of the Canadian Penal Association. A good foundation has been laid during the current year and it is hoped that as the techniques are improved, as funher trained personnel is available for case work, as the confidence of prisoners in the sincerity of societies increases, and as the public generally shows an increasing readiness to assist the released prisoner, that there may be developed in Canada a type of prisoners' aid which will be, in many respects, unique. It is felt that a most difficult time for any prison dischargee is. in the period immediately following his release from the institution; at the same time, the prisoner does not ordinarily wish to have further contacts with official representatives of the law or of government. It is for this reason that the services of private agencies are being utilized and their importance recognized by the provision of fina,ncial assistance. VI TRAINING OF OFFICERS TRAINING COURSES 53. The Royal Commission very strongly urged the establishment of a training school for penitentiary officers,and this recommendation was confirmed by the Commissioner after his preliminary survey of present needs in the federal service. 54. It is a great satisfaction, therefore, to report that a training program. was commenced in February, 1948 and the first course was completed on March 20th. It is prop.osed to hold a further class during the spring months of 1948 and to follow this up with subsequent courses as a permanent part of the training program. 55. With the approval and co-operation of the Commissioner of the R. C.M. P. these courses are being held at the R.C.M.P. Barracks at Rockcliffe where suitable. accommodation is available. - The first course was of six weeks duration and

21 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 19 provided lectures and training not only in practical subjects such as physical training, military drill, small arms training, the duties of the prison officer, but also in psychology, psychiatry, sociology and penology. Course No. 1 was under the direction of Chief Keep- er Crandall of Dorchester Penitentiary and Senior Clerk Stenographer W. F. Johnstone of British Columbia Penitentiary. Other members of the instructional staff included Deputy Commissioner Dr. L. P. Gendreau, who gave the lectures in psychology and psychiatry, members of the instructional staff of the R.C.M.P., and Dr. Stuart K. Jaffary of the School of Social Work of the University of Toronto. 56. Special lectures were also provided by senior members of the Commissioner's staff on the particular areas of responsibility covered by each of them. 57. Examinations were held at the conclusion of the course arid all candidates credited on their work; appropriate certificates of achievement were issued to successful candidates. 58. Opportunity has also been taken of the presence of the officers in Ottawa to visit the office of the Commissioner, the Headquarters of the R.C.M.P., and other points of interest in the capital city.. It is hoped that these courses will improve the efficiency of our officers in their particular positions, and also broaden the outlook of those who are responsible for the improved training and treatnient which it is desired to provide for the inmates of the penitentiaries. PENITENTIARY OFFICERS' INFORMATION BULLETIN 59. In connection with the training of officers it was felt that it would take considerable time to enable the bulk of officers at present in the service to take advantage of the training programme. It was, therefore, felt desirable to supplement the training courses and the in-service training provided by the senior officers of the individual institutions. 60. Accordingly, there has been instituted a Penitentiary Officers' Information Bulletin which includes copies of addresses, articles, etc., bearing on trands in modern penology. These bulletins are distributed to each institution periodically and circulated in the institution to all senior officers and other members of the 'staff who have indicated their desire to receive them. At the date of this report four such bulletins have already been distributed and it is planned, for the time being, to maintain distribution of such bulletins at two-week intervals. It is -felt that this supplementary training procedure will provide for interested officers an ongoing source of information on the principles of progressive prison work. VII VOCATIONAL TRAINING 61. The 1938 report of the Archambault Royal Commission on Penal Reform recommended introduction of a greater measure of vocational training into penitentiaries and this was interpreted as having particular i;eference to young convicts under 21 years of age and others of reformable type. In subsequent years -consideration was given to this important development but the war's intervention postponed action. Finally -funds were allocated late in when, with the assistance of the Canadian Vocational Training Branch of the Federal Department of Labour, basic equipment and machine tools supplemented by -outstanding purchases were transferred from discontinued Veterans' Training and Re-establishment Institutes in Ontario, to start operations at St. Vincent de Paul.and Collin's Bay Penitentiaries in the fall and winter of Chief Voca-

22 20 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE tional Officers were appointed at those institutions to do the field organization and qualified instructors were employed. Eight preliminary courses were Started as follows: Collin's Bay St. Vincent de Paul Brickmasonry Brickmasonry Construction Carpentry Construction Carpentry Draughting Cabinet Making Plumbing and Steamfitting Tinsmithing and Sheet Metal Working 62. The first bay of a new shop building was erected at Collin's Bay Penitentiary to house two courses, but temporary expedients were adopted for the others, in the absence of permanent accommodation. At St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary the interior of Shop "M" in the Laval area had been finished with the intention of converting it into production shops to start new lines of manufacture for government purposes and to relieve the congestion in the over-crowded shops in the St. Vincent de Paul area. However, with the introduction of vocational training space was sequestered for the three shops above referred to and also for the related training given therewith. 63. The courses were opened on a voluntary basis fo the young convicts under twenty-one at St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary and to young convicts and other reformable types at Collin'S Bay Penitentiary who'were selected in the first instance from the population at Kingston Penitentiary because of their apparent adaptability to reformation. For the preliminary courses volunteers were screened by the penitentiary Classification Board, which includes the senior technical members of thé staff, and as far as possible inmates were assigned to coursés of their own desire. Main points for consideration were that the trainee should have sufficient education and application to profit by the training, and he should be in good, health and have mechanical aptitude. Standard aptitude tests are to be applied to later courses in conjunction with an established method of intelligence testing. 64. The trainees are given instruction in trade theory and practice on actual projects during a basic training period of approximately 1,000 hours, during which time all the main factors of the trade are covered. In addition the inmate trainee receives instruction in related subjects of blueprint reading, shop mathematics, and others necessary to achieving successful journeyman status. Subsequent to the training period the trainee joins the maintenance forces of the institution in the erection and alteration of buildings and other projects, or in the case of mechanical trades he will spent his time in the department concerned in furthering his ability. During the training period his progress is.closely checked and reported on daily by the.instructor in charge and at the end of his course this data is 'finally summarized and made a part of his permanent record. Note is also kept of his.conduct and his employment attitude and accomplishment after completion' of the course in order that he may be certified at the time of release as to time spent in trade training. At the conclusion of the basic training period, the trainee is to be issued with a certificate of merit showing his trade training. 65. Arrangements are under way with the established prisoners' aid societies for placement of trainees in jobs suited to their ability. The assistance of the National Employment Service has also been enlisted. Negotiations are under -way with the Directors of Apprenticeship in the various provinces affected' by penitentiary vocational training,' with the object of obtaining credits for inmate trainees taking 'penitentiary vocational courses and have them incorporated into the provincial apprenticeship programme where they can comply with the necessary qualifications. Where trainees are beyond the age of apprenticeship, we are counting on the co-operation, of labour unions and industry in recognizing the quality of training which they received.

23 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES The attitude of trainees on these vocational courses has been exceptionally good and there is every reason to justify expansion, even though it is realized that vocational training is not the whole answer to rehabilitation. In it is proposed to introduce vocational courses into Saskatchewan Penitentiary for trainable convicts of the Western Provinces and also to increase the number of courses at St. Vincent de Paul and Collin's Bay Penitentiaries. Construction of suitable shop buildings to house vocational training will need attention in the immediate future if we are to proceed in this direction to the extent of convict personnel available for training. 67. In the final analysis of any vocational training programme, train ee counselling is found to have had a large part in its success. Penitentiary vocational training is no exception. Constant alertness and unity of purpose are needed by the shop instructor, the Chief Vocational Officer and the Classification Officer, to offset the criticism levelled within the prison by the confirmed criminal element against the efforts of the youngster to live down his past and acquire training to face the future courageously. 68. In those institutions where Chief Vocational Officers are appointed, 'development and administration of a satisfactory programme of vocational films has become his responsibility. 69. The responsibilities of Chief Vocational Officers are not confined to industrial training. They are assiomed to intensify and correlate training generally throughout all penitentiary departments. 70. Surplus army motion picture equipment was bought andpenitentiary officers were trained as projectionists. There is generally keen interest among inmates on this phase of training and question and answer periods conducted by the shop instructors have proven that close attention is paid to these visual aids. VIII PENITENTIARY INDUSTRIES STAFF 71. The figures for industrial production given in the tables following these comments show an upward trend in in comparison with the previous year. This is due in part to filling long outstanding instructional vacancies and a generally easier staff situation. At the year's end there were 146 shop instructors on the establishment of the seven penitentiaries; 136 positions were filled and there were the following vacancies: 2 Chief Trade Instructors 1 Electrician 2 Carpenters 1 Tailor 2 Masons 1 Machinist 1 Shoemaker Subsequently most of these positions were filled. In many instances the new appointees of recent years had experience in Canadian Vocational Training Schools and they are in a position to apply modern teaching methods to improve the quality of training and the output of the departments in question. 72. Improvement in salary schedules for instructors, which became effective during and after the end of the fiscal year, will no doubt bring more applications for qualified lists from industrial technicians, although at the moment the demand for building artisans makes it difficult to attract them to the' government service.

24 22 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 73. The specialized type of refresher training for shop officers required 'by their duty, e.g., job instruction theory, has not been pressed until the training school for penitentiary officers generally, has had a good opportunity of becoming established since its courses will include personnel from instructional staffs. 74. It is felt that the ne-w efficiency rating forms introduced for rating staff will give a better opportunity of judging their suitability for the important assignment of instructing convicts. Admittedly the instructor is longer each week directly in the company of inmates than any other officer of the penitentiary and can be a wholesome influence for the inmate's betterment. 75. Opportunity was given as occasion required; for Chief Trade Instructors and Instructors to see modern Plants and attend courses in their area in their line of work. In this respect we have always found good cooperation is extended by the commercial concerns affected. PRODUCTION ORGANIZATION 76. The lack of floor space for industrial shops necessary to keep the constantly growing number of convicts continuously employed under proper working conditions, particularly during the winter months continues to be a problem, except at Saskatchewan Penitentiary where three shops in the new shop block, viz. tailor, shoe and blacksmith-machine (with a total area of 24,000 feet) were opened recently. The Carpenter Shop, fourth in the new shop block, is expected to be opened in While a Painting Instructor was appointed for each penitentiary, in most instances he continues to draw his supplies and work out of the Carpenter's Department without an adequate shop of his own. Types of construction and means of providing additional shop space -are continually under review but plans for these have had to be deferred in favour of other projects more closely concerned with the welfare of convicts. 77. The policy of planned replacement of shop machinery is bearing fruit. If all items provided for in annual 'estimates during the last two years had been delivered on schedule by firms which received the orders, there would have been a noticeable reduction in the number of items to be included in estimates for on this account. However, definite advancement can be reported in this direction, and all powered equipment now being added to shops is individually motorized, replacing belt-driven machinery. Also, with qualified Painting Instructors appointed last year, it has been possible for renovation of the,older shops to proceed at a faster pace with a decided improvement in -appearance and a noticeable effect on the morale of the convicts employed in those shops. Attention is now being paid to replacement and modernization of equipment such as benches, cupboards, furniture, etc. It is intended that old style tool cupboards shall be replaced as far as possible by shadow boards of open telltale design. Fluorescent lighting is being introduced in shops as authority Is granted and units can be procured. This not only improves lighting over the old drop fixtures which were the common installation, but has done much to improve the appearance of the shops. Painting of moving parts of shop machinery in basic colours is also progressing well in some institutions and better shop housekeeping and safety rules are being enforced. It is felt by industrial ôfficers that the latter training is a necessary corollary for the prisoner to the theory and practice he may get in the shop or in the use of tools so that his successful return to society may not thereby be hampered. 78. A new production metal working shop was added at St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary with a qualified instructor but its entrance into full production has been retarded by delay in delivery of ' machines which must be imported from the United States under restriction. This shop is located in shop "M" on the Laval area in'a building approximately 250' by 60'. However, while it was origin-

25 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 23 ally intended that this building would be completely utilized for shop production requirements of the penitentiary service, in the development of vocational training courses in the fall of 1947 it became necesssry to divert the greater part of the shop building to vocational courses. 79. The Brooin Shop of Kingston Penitentiary was consolidated at the year's end with the Brush Shop at St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary, to bring similar production under uniform supervision. GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS 80. No change took place in the modus operandi with other departments as to contracts for manufactured articles. This remains on a voluntary basis. It is true that inter-penitentiary demands for the product,s of industrial shopshave grown apace, with special emphasis on delayed construction and maintenance and textile and footwear articles. This situation cannot be met merely by the increasing population as thiè advantage is nullified by the general lack of flôor space for expansion except in a penitentiary like Prince Albert where its isolated location is not of value for industrial contract ptirposes in comparison with an institution near a larger city. Nevertheless, the existence of an agreement with other government departments to purchase our penitentiary-made articles for a definite period and in specificed quantities would enable us to prepare confidently and plan soundly, where now we are continually unnerved by the prospects of losing present orders through some omission or commission over which we have no direct control. The difficult material situation and short delivery schedules normally offered to us by other government departments have not improved relations.. TRAINING 81. "On-the-job" training continues to be the rule in the industrial production and maintenance shops; no formal syllabi or courses of training are followed, but the convict who is interested in learning has an excellent opportunity of becoming familiar with the tools and practice of the various trades if he spends the greater part of his sentence in any particular shop. Penitentiary daily output per man is now being analysed in comparison with the output reqtdred of a workman in the same trade in free life, in order that as far as possible actual working conditions which are to be experienced in outside shops will be followed. 82. The benefits to be received from vocational films have not been confined to convicts taking vocational courses. However, there is a great shortage of industrial films for a variety of shops which are obtainable on a rental basis and it is proposed to consider recommanding the outright purchase of suitable films. on a planned long-term basis if no other source can be found. 83. Mention has been made in the section on vocational training of the benefit which are evident from the counselling services afforded to inmates through the Classification Officer, the Chief Vocational Officer, and the instructors in charge of the courses where vocational training is given. Similar counselling of convicts in the trade shops other than vocational should encourage and reinforce the determination of the well-inclined recidivist to work out his own programme of rehabilitation in the face of cynicism and antagonism from other inmates who are opposed to assisting the administration in any way. INDUSTRIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENTS Laundries 84. Laundries and Mechanical Transport are two of the production services which come within the responsibility of this division. Experimentally a subscrip 7 was taken out for St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary with the Canadian tion

26 24 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Research Institute of Launderers and Cleaners, which is affiliated with a similar body in the United States, with the object of determining the value of an associate membership in giving us expert assistance in analysis of our laundry problems as to machinery and other related matters, to supplement the service rendered by the National Research Council over the last ten years through Mr. C. H. Bayley, of the Textile Division. Mechanical Transport 85. There has been a considerable outlay on mechanical transport, both for cars and trucks, during the last two years in an effort to bring the establishments up to a reasonable condition. During and preceding the war years purchases of this kind were few with the result that at the war's end a; grenat percentage of the trucks were from 10 to 15 years of age, and their operation was no longer economical even though all maintenance was carried out as far as possible in penitentiary garages. The ruling of Treasury Board issued. in March, 1948 that all cars and light delivery trucks are to be driven a minimum of 100,000 miles before turn-in has temporarily forced abandonment of the replacement policy. The tendency to mechanize penitentiary farms to some degree has added to the responsibility of penitentiary instructor Motor Mechanics in the maintenance of more farm tractors. All construction and quarry equipment is also serviced by this department. Values and numbers of. cars, trucks, tractors and other ' gasoline consuming mechanical equipment held in the seven penitentiaries are as follows: 31 motor Cars and Trucks 1-ton and under 832, Trucks, Over 1-ton 88, Tractors 35, Miscellaneous Equipment 83, CLOTHING 86. Clothing for officers and convicts, including footwear, continues to be an important operation in penitentiaries and the annual disbursement exceeds $290,000. On April 1, 1948, a plan was inaugurated in the four Eastern p. enitentiaries of centralizing production of clothing articles by concentrating on separate lines in each penitentiary to an extent sufficient to meet the.demands of the four penitentiaries concerned. Difficulties were experienced at the beginning of this plan but it is expected that better administration.will result in subsequent years. A. ' start was made on revising clothing regulations which were not issued at the previous reprinting of penitentiary regulations in This will affect officers' uniform, prison and discharge clothing for convicts. JOB GRADING 87. During the year preliminary grading was completed of all jobs in penitentiaries according to a system developed in the United States Department of. Labour and issued as a "Dictionary of occupational Titles" which is also the standard reference work for job classification in the National Employment Service of Canada. One of the purposes of this job grading was to assist in determining the proper job status of an inmate at the time of his discharge according to commercial standards in order that he might be given suitable employment through job placement aids.

27 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 25 OVERALL PRODUCTION REPORT 88. The total value of industrial production and value of farm production covering all penitentiaries for the last nine fiscal years are as follows: Industrial production Farm production S cts. $ cts. 137, , , , , , ,884 OG 414, , , , , b23, , , , , The population of the seven Federal Penitentiaries as at March 31, 1948 was 3,851. The daily average throughout the year was 3,785. On an average a total of 1,049 convicts were employed daily in shops producing manufactured. articles for permanent government departments and for the penitentiaries generally. Building trades and productive service divisions of penitentiaries including farms, steam and water plants, employed approximately 1,642 convicts in addition. The remainder, 1,160, were employed among non-productive services.. The 1,049 convicts employed in manufacturing produced articles valued at $605, The production of the 1,642 convicts employed in building trades and productive service divisions, including farm, steam and water plants, amounted to $549, The total value of all divisions was $1,322,601.34' compared with $1,095, in The values of industrial shop production by penitentiaries (farm subdivision excepted) during the fiscal year, Compared with , are as follows: Kingston Penitentiary St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary Dorchester Penitentiary Manitoba Penitentiary British Columbia Penitentiary Saskatchewan Penitentiary Collin's Bay Penitentiary I ots. $ ots. 169, , , , , , , , , , , , , , Grand total 605, , Of the grand total of $605,889.29, $431, was for penitentiary purposes, $138, for other government departments, and $35, for custom work for penitentiary staffs and military officers.

28 26 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 92. During the Year contracts were under manufacture for thirty-two separate government departments, commissions or corporations, as follows: Department of Agriculture Department of Fisheries Department of Justice (a) Administration Offices (b) Combines Investigation Commission (c) Remission Service (cl) Supreme Court of Canada (e) Exchequer Court of Canada Department of Mines and Resources (a) Indian Affairs Branch (b) Lands and Development Services Department of National Defence (a) Army (b) Naval Service (c) R.C.A.F. Department of Public Works Department of Public Printing and Stationery Department of Trade and Commerce (a) Dominion Bureau of Statistics (b) Board of Grain Commissioners Department of Transport Department of Veterans' Affairs Air Transport Board Federal District Commission National Research Council Post Office bepartment (a) Equipment and Supply Branch Royal Canadian Mounted Police War Assets Corporation Saskatchewan Provincial Government Quebec Provincial Government Indian School Administration. 93. INDusTmAL ARTICLES MANUFACTURED _ Anchors 181 Caps, White 320 Aprons 1,238 Chairs 51 Bags, Grain 7,702 Coats, Pyjama 1,047 Coats, Prison 2,324 Bags, Hospital 72 Coats, White 319 Bags, Lunch 100 Covers, Canvas 235 Bags, Post Office 43,500 Covers, Mattress 60 Bags, Tubing 251 Covers, Roll 144 Basins.. 36 Crutches 562 Belts, Cloth 1,117 Cuspidors 63 Belts, Leather 350 Benches and Tables 7 Desks, Chair 168 Bins, Army 279 Desks, School 3 Blocks, Cement and Tile 3,661 Desks, Teachers 7 Boots and Shoes 7,687 Dippers 30 Boots, Uniform 1,175 Dolls 7 Books, etc., bound 7,234 Doors 60 Boxes, Parcel and Letter. 263 Dressers 52 Boxes, ballot 5,000 Elbows 98 Bricks 600 Brooms 15,375 Feeder, Poultry 12 Brushes 370 Funnels 126 Buckets, cell 112 lods, Coal 24 Cans, Garbage 68 Hammocks, Naval 344 Cans, Syrup 386 Hangers, Coat 780 Cans, Gasoline and Oil 84 Caps, Prison 3 116, Jackets 61

29 Jackets, Straight Kettles, Paint Labels, Plant Lighters Lighter Parts Mallets Mattresses Mitts, Canvas Mitts, Jute Mitts, Leather REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES , , , Nets, Volley Ball 3 Overalls 486 Overcoats, Discharge 486 Overcoats, Officers 244 Pails 244 Pants, Pyjama 1,183 Pants, White Duck Paddles Pans, Bread and Bake 185 Pipes, Stove and Furnace 46 Pillows 63 Plates, Heel 2,000 Plates Locking 41,000 Poles, ' Ridge 71 Putty, lbs 1,295 Sashes, Window 15 Screens, Window 65 Shelves 100 Sheets, Barber 33 Sheets, Bed 1,684 Sheets, Drop 23 Signs 46 Shirts 3,197 Bags, Drops 653 Bags, Mail Beds 380, Bicycles 130 Books 6,314 Boots and Shoes 15,308 Boxes, Mail 263 Cars 702 Caniages, Cannon 3 Chairs 86 Chairs, Upholstered 97 Coats and Jackets Shirts, Army 718 Shirts, Hospital Shirts, Night 397 Shirts, Officers, 2,892 Shirts, Prison 1,189 Shirts, White Duck Slips, Pillow _ Slippers 832 Slippers, Uniform 154 Smocks 14 Squares, "T" 24 Socks Suits, Discharge 24, Suits, Indian. 123 Suits, Mackinaw 12 INDUSTRIAL ARTICLES REPAIRED Tables 17 Tables, coffee 10 Tags 135,643 Tanks, Water 11 Tarpaulins 7 Towels 911 Trousers, Officers 1,881 Trousers, Prison - 3,891 Tubs, Wash 21 Tunics, Officers 608 Union Jacks 25 Whisks 472 Whisks, Cell 2,160 Miscellaneous 18,346 Sub-total 889,083 Printed Forms 1,721,358 2,610,441 Overalls 598 Pyjamas 2,192 Pants 2,181 Pouches 506 Satchels 145 Shirts 1,540 Slippers. 562 Socks 39,671 Tents 11 Miscellaneous 17,441 Furniture, Miscellaneous ,132 FARMING OPERATIONS 94. The crop production on several of the farms was adversely affected by unfavourable weather conditions during the fiscal year A very late spring was experienced at St. Vincent de Paul and rainfall for the season was considerably above normal. Seeding did not start still the end of May and this was followed by a very hot, dry period bet\veen the 22nd July, 1947 and 28th August, This caused a very sharp, decrease in the yield of field crops. The yield of hay was good but the quality was adversely affected by the poor weather experienced during harvesting.

30 28 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 96. The rainfall at Dorchester was above normal for the growing season. The hay crop was below normal for the year as a result of the clover being winter killed. Other crops yielded fairly well with the exception of potatoes which gave a smaller yield than usual. 97. While the total rainfall for the growing season at Manitoba was just slightly under normal, the land was flooded in the early part of the season because of the late snowfalls. This condition was aggravated by the spring rains and seed- - ing was delayed beyond the normal date. Harvesting operations were hindered «because of wet weather early in the fall. Some of the grain had to be cut with 'mowers because of the impossibility of getting binders on the land. 98. Saskatchewan suffered most from drought conditions. A very low rainfall during April, May, June and July resulted in the grain crops being exceptionally light and the garden crops were almost a total failure. For considerable time it appeared that the potato crop would be a failure; however, rains came in August and growth was very rapid which resulted in many hallow-hearted potatoes of poor keeping quality. FARM PROD ÙCTION 99. The statement of farm production for the seven penitentiaries has been summarized and is contained in the table below. In addition to the information contained in this table, attention is drawn to the fact that in Kingston Penitentiary sold 17 bull calves and one heifer calf to breeders in the district, 10 heifers, most of which were in calf, at the time of sale, were sold to the Indian Affairs Branch. The dairy herd at Kingston continues to show improvement and several individuals tobk top honours in the Kingston Black and White Show. It has been found that since the Kingston herd has been developed convicts take a very keen interest in working with the cattle. Much credit is due to Farm Instructor Patterson and to Assistant Farm Instructor Clark who have devoted much time and study to the development of this herd. Besides supplying the milk for Kingston Penitentiary, a large proportion of milk consumed at Collin's Bay is supplied from the Kingston herd The swine herd is being capably managed under the direct supervision of Guard Herdsman Duffe. It is considered that the Kingston Piggery is one of the best kept piggeries in the country The canning plant has continued to effect a considerable saving and in 1947 this amounted to over $5, There were 146,590 pounds of tomatoes, 26,175 pounds of beans and 29,840 pounds of pumpkin canned. St. Vincent de Paul 102. Because of the large population at St.. Vincent de Paul, all farm products are consumed on the institution and while over 700 hogs are kept at all times, it is necepsary to purchase some pork from outside sources. However, it is planned to increase the size of the piggery and when this is done, the herd can be increased. Three bull calves were sold to local breeders. Approximately three tons of beans and almost 18 tons of tomatoes were sold to a local cannery. for processing for institutional needs An epidemic of intestinal grippe developed in the çlairy herd during the month of November which reflected in a decrease of milk production for a short time. Dorchester 104. Practically all farm produce on the farm at Dorchester was consuined at the institution. The surplus of milk was separated and the cream was sold.

31 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES Farm Instructor Sinclair retired after 35 years continuous service in the Penitentiary..Guard Herdsman Young was appointed and put in charge of the dairy hard. Manitoba 106. In addition to the produce supplied to the Steward at Manitoba, six bull calves, four heifer calves and seven gilts were sold to private breeders in the district, 16 gilts were sold to the Department of Agriculture for distribution in the district: These gilts were sold through Mr. John Norquay who is with the Livestock Branch of the Department of Agriculture in Winnipeg. Eighty-three hogs were sold to the packers in Winnipeg. Two carloads of potatoes were transferred to Kingston Penitentiary, one carload to Collin's Bay and one carload to St. Vincent de Paul. British Columbia 107. All farm produce at British Columbia was consumed in the Steward's Department. Most of the arable acreage at this institution is devoted to the growing of vegetables. Saskatchewan 108. The production of grain and \-regetables was seriously curtailed at this institution because of lack of rain during the summer of During the year, 14,844 pounds of pork surplus to the Steward's requirements were sold to the Packers in Prince Albert as well as 346 hens. Ten ton of mangels ' surplus,to requirements, were also sold. Six hundred bushels of potatoes and 240 pounds alfalfa seed were transferred to Collin's Bay Penitentiary, 600 pounds alfalfa seed were transferred to Manitoba, 350 pounds to St. Vincent de Paul. and 700 pounds to Kingston: Collin's Bay 109. Grain production at Collin's Bay was very light in the summer of A large amount of beans, some tomatoes and pumpkin was transferred to Kingston, for canning. Four carloads of steers were purchased on the Winnipeg Penitentiary market for this institution. These cattle are fattened at the institution and largely used in the Steward's Department although some beef is transferred to the Kingston Penitentiary Every effort is being made to improve the land on the penitentiaries. The best cropping practices are being instituted with the object of growing as much of the feed and vegetables required as possible on the institutions. Modern farm equipment is being purchased in order to speed up operations and at the saine time to give convicts training on the latest type of farm equipment The total production from the penitentiary farms amounted to $249, in , an increase of $8, over the previous year The total by individual penitentiaries was as follows: Kingston 836, St. Vincent de Paul 42, Dorchester 35, Manitoba 38, British Columbia 19, Saskatchewan 44, Collin's Bay 31,447 49

32 30 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE - IX STEWARD'S DEPARTMENT 113. The Supervisor of Stewards reports: During the fiscal year , many improvements have been made in convict feeding and kitchen administration. The purchase of new kitchen equipment to the value of $29, was necessary to replace obsolete or worn out equipment. The purchase of this modern equipment has been instrumental in introducing many different types of foods not previously issued to the convict population and it is also of major importance in the training of convict cooks, bakers and butchers. KITCHEN SANITATION 114. Kitchen sanitation has been stressed very strongly and with excellent ' results. The use of DDT insecticides has been responsible for the success of keeping kitchen pests under control, and it is noted that kitchen pests have been practically eliminated in all penitentiary kitchens A routine has been set up in all penitentiary kitchens whereby floors and equipment are scrubbed daily, walls and windows washed weekly. Ample equipment has been provided for this work and proper facilities for the storing of this equipni.ent has been provided. Drains and lavatories are checked daily with weekly inspections being carried out by the penitentiary physi,cian Swill and garbage is not permitted to stand or accumulate in the kitchen proper. Garbage rooms have been provided outside the kitchen for the handling of wet and dry garbage. Swill that can be used as hog feed is checked and kept separate from other refuse; Boxes, cartons, tin cans, etc. are disposed of in the penitentiary incinerator Meat refrigerators are scrubbed daily and all meat racks, hooks, etc., scoured weekly. Grease traps are checked and cleaned regularly and disinfectants used. All convict food trays and cups are scoured and sterilized after each meal. This important phase in kitchen administration has been stressed very strongly and through the co-operation of all penitentiary stewards an excellent standard of kitchen cleanliness has been attained. PERSONAL HYGIENE 118. Personal hygiene has been encouraged and furthered during the year by the purchase of nail brushes which are located at each hand sink. These hand sinks have been installed conveniently near where the food is prepared. All convicts employed in the kitchen bathe at least three times a week. White clothing is issued for change at least three tim.e's a week. All convicts, prior to employment in the kitchen, are examined by the penitentiary physicians and periodical checkups carried out. Peisonal cleanliness has been stressed and demanded at all times and very satisfactory results have been attained. PAINTING AND DECORATING 119. The painting and decorating of ceilings and walls has been carried out in all penitentiary kitchens. The use of kalsomine has been discontinued and in most cases has been replaced with white enamel. Tables, equipment, racks, benches, etc. are painted periodically to present a clean, attractive appearan.ce. MAINTENANCE OF KITCHEN EQUIPMENT 120. Repair and maintenance of kitchen equipment is carried out whenever necessary. Replacement parts for some equipment are kept on hand to ensure no lengthy delay in getting the machine back in operation.

33 FARM PRODUCTION Item Kingston St. Vincent British Saskatd e P a ul Dorchester Manitoba Columbia chewan Collin's Bay Vegetables (lbs.) 290, , ,702 72, ,110 41, ,425 1,026,227 Roots (lbs.) 197, , ,730 50,000 11,625 88, , ,042 Potatoes (bus.) Nil - 3,611 2,772 6,535 1,592 4,921 Nil 19,431 Pork (lbs.) 65,504 82,112 42,016 40,441 46,762 93,480 Nil 370,315 Beef ' (lbs.) 4,897 14,164 27,720 16,733 37,317 75, ,929 Milk (lbs.) 425, ,901 39, ,236 1,024,374 Butterfat (lbs.) Nil 7, BF 8,232 BF 1,232 B 1,232B Eggs (doz.) 4,860 12,916 Nil 4,467 6, ,870 8,172 42,613-5 Poultry (No. birds) 114 1,140 Nil ,391 Hay (tons) , Straw (tons) Fodder-Corn (tons) Grain (bus.) 3,500-2,412 3,550 10,300 2,610 3,235 25,607 Hides (No.) 7, (lbs.) (*) 14,2751bs Ice (cakes) Nil 1,891-1,891 Wood (cords) ' Nil Total REPORT OF THE SUPERINTE NDENT OF PENITENTIA RIES (*) Includes rough fat. co

34 32 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 121. Repairs to smallwares are more or less constant. The procedure of inspecting kitchen equipment weekly for any repairs has been beneficial in keeping the equipment in working order and in satisfactory condition. CONVICT TRAINING 122. No detailed training plan for convict cooks, bakers and butchers was instituted during the fiscal year It is expected that in the coming year detailed plans for vocational training in these branches will be undertaken. The training that these convicts have had in butchering, baking and cooking up to now has been more or less under the guidance of the individual stewards of each penitentiary. Under the supervision of the stewards and their assistance quite a number of these convicts have acquired a sound foundation in the trade in which they are most interested. The usual procedure has been to start these convicts in the more menial tasks of the trade, advancing them as they acquire the skill and knowledge of their work. Once we get all our penitentiary kitchens modernized and a detailed vocational plan instituted, there should be no reason that any convict who is truly interested in learning the culinary art, cannot become quite proficient and be able to carry on this vocation after his release from the institution. PROCESSED MEATS 123. The manufacture of processed meats within the institution has increased sharply over figures. In total production was 79,789 pounds valued at $13, During the total produce was 163,4871, pounds valued at $27, During the past year the penitentiary stewards have been encouraged to increase their manufactured products and from the increase noted, have met with good success. PENITENTIARY FARM PRODUCE SOLD TO STEWARDS 124. During the fiscal year , the produce purchased from the penitentiary farms was valued at $131,504.77, an increase of $17, over the previous 'year. This is gratifying in that the penitentiaries are becoming more self-sustaining, thereby reducing our food purchases on the outside markets, to a minimum Processed farm products manufactured within the institutional kitchens amounted to 6,991 gallons valued at $1, This production is not high, the penitentiaries being limited to refrigeration S-pace available for storing. BREAD PRODUCTION Bread production increased 23,289 pounds over the figure. The quality of bread manufactured in the institutions has remained on a high level. CONVICT RATIONS 127. Although the basic ration content was unchanged during the fiscal year the cost of convict rations increased from $397, in to $512, in , an increase of $114, This was due to rapidly increasing market prices, and even though every effort was made to stay within the ration allowance for the fiscal year, it was over-spent by the sum of $12, In reviewing penitentiary kitchens and convict feeding for the fiscal year , much headway has been made over the previous year. Food issued to the convict population has been well prepared with very few complaints being received. In mass feeding, complaints are bound to arise from time to time, but it is gratifying that what complaints were received were of a trivial nature.

35 REPORT OF THE SVPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES Food is a most important factor in the smooth operation of any institution. The standard that was set during the fiscal year has been one of the major reasons that few complaints were received about food In view of present day costs, a long range view will have to be taken in bringing penitentiary kitchens up to a high level. There is no doubt that with the interest and co-operation that has been shown by all penitentiary stewards, this high standard will be accomplished and maintained. X MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES 131. Since his appointment in the latter part of September, much time has been devoted by Deputy Commissioner Gendreau to the study of the requirements and administration of medical services in the seven Penitentiaries. All seven Penitentiaries have been visited by the Deputy Commissioner. The general situation in each was studied and attention was given to improving the facilities and accommodation provided for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of illness. Full consideration was given also to facilities for dental care. Recommendations made for the improvement of facilities are in process of being carried out. Increasing use is being made of consultant services whenever the physician so recommends. These consultations are for Eye, Ear Nose and Throat, Lung, Heart, Bone and specialized, surgical procedures, Itadiology, ' Psychiatry and certain types of clinical laboratory work. Cases of chronic illness such as active tuberculosià and psychosis are transferred to sanatoria and mental hospitals where specialized treatment appropriate to the condition can be administered While consideration has already been given to the development of psychological and psychiatric services, it is planned to develop such services still further for it is recognized that successful reformation and rehabilitation depend upon a thorough study of the causative factors in personality maladjustment followed by an attempt at re-education of the person and elimination of the still existing causative factors. A limitation in the development of this programme is the scarcity of experienced and competent personnel. Many interviews with convicts considered in need of psychiatric advice and treatment have been carried out by the Deputy Commissioner in the course of his -visits to the penitentiaries. The services of outside psychiatrists are also utilized in some cases where exami,. nation and diagnosis appear necessary. In the Officers' Training Courses serie-s of thirty lectures is given by Deputy Commisioner Gendreau on the development of Normal Human Behaviour, Causative Factors in Aberrant Human Behaviour, Maladjustment leading to Crime, Methods of Re-educating and process of Rehabilitation. These lectures are considered as basic and fundamental to thé process of orientation and education of the Penitentiary Officers towards thé goal of reform and rehabilitation for the prisoner. During the period in question visits were made to-the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners at Springfield, Mo., and the Drug Addiction Treatment Centre at Lexington, Ky., operated by the United States Bureau of Prisons and much valuable information obtained as to the methods of treatment employed at these institutions. XI CONCLUSION 133. In summarizing the results of the past year, the most important developments have been the reorganization of the Headquarters Staff responsible for the operation of the penitentiaries, the institution of modern methods of classification of prisoners, the initiation of full-time vocational training for youthful prisoners, the expansion of the educational facilities available in the penitentiaries, the formation of a training school for penitentiary officers and the development of a more complete and efficient organization for assisting the released prisoner to re-establish himself_ after.discharge. _

36 34 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 134. Mention should be made of a two-day conference held at Ottawa in November with the officials from all the provinces charged with the operation. *of the provincial penal institutions. This conference afforded an opportunity for an exchange of views on many matters of penal administration and for the devel- opment of a better understanding of the problems confronting both Federal and Provincial authorities in dealing with convicted persons sentenced to imprisonment in their respective jurisdictions. It also enabled those. in attendance to obtain a full picture of the facilities available in each province of Canada for the treatment of prisoners The *present program lays emphasis on the importance of utilizing the. period of imprisonment to assist the prisoner who desires to profit by the opportunities available to acquire knowledge, habits ana skills that will assist him in returning to normal life as a law-abiding and self-sustaining citizen. The accomplishment of that purpose will be greatly assisted if the public generally is prepared to extend to the discharged prisoner a fair chance to demonstrate that he is capable of re-establishing himself in society In the development of this program of rehabilitation, the Wardens and their staffs have shown the greatest interest and co-operation. While safe custody of the prisoners committed to their charge must always be a primary consideration, it is very evident that there is an increasing appreciation by the staffs of our institutions that they can perform an important public service by encouraginé their,prisoners to take full advantage of the opportunities available to them for rehabilitation. In closing I should like to pay tribute to the co-operation received from the wardens and the penitentiary staffs in developing this rehabilitative program. TABLE 1. MOVEMENT OF POPULATION.... -, 0.<4'", p, 0 «r/i 21 e a g ro el X gl rn Fl, e 4D E i 0 _a -i.> ''' Total. bd -,1),.....à a,; A On register April 1st, , ,752 Received From jails ,580 By transfer Parole delinquents Total ,867 Discharged , By pardon By deportation By transfer By transfer to Provincial Authori- By expiry of sentence By ticket-of-leave ties 1 1 By death By remission of sentence by Military Authorities Struck off strength while on temporary parole 1 1 Sentence quashed 1 1 Total ,768 On register March 31st, , ,851 Number on register includes: Insane - - Section Section Temporary Ticket-of-Leave Temporary release 1 1 o U

37 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 3à TABLE IL NATIONALITY 4. el e = "-, e Pq eg "ci -, ' fn1.-e. ii...e...5-â. T.: 0 w (12 el X P d..,,f) Total British Canada 697 1, ,403 England and Wales Scotland Ireland Australia 1 1 New Zealand 1 1 Other British Countries Foreign United States Russia Austria Roumania Italy Poland Hungary France Finland Czechoslovakia Greece 1 1 China Jugo Slavia Germany Japan ' 1 1 Belgium Norway Switzerland 1 1 Iceland Sweden Bulgaria 1 1 likrania 2 Holland 1 1 Other foreign countries Total 807 1, ,851 TABLE III. CIVIL STATE -1. n e ee :ed le, PI.h>5 -'' e eq.s f e j.5. Total <a P-t ii..1:' 2 -F,I, 4" en 4> t5 c, 11(..) =..5-') n al W C5 Single ,360 Married ,237 Widowed Separated Divorced ; Total 807 1, ,851

38 36 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLE IV. DURATION OF SENTENCE e.,, o._ a g.3...o...a -- 1 '-> fir...a o,.a 0- z Total 5., o ;f: 6 '.à.ed 8 a -1-,.e..) a ô i.4 dj CZ :7--7.: Pq co C.) Remanet under 2 years Two years ,044 Over two and under three Three and finder four Four and under five Five and under eight Eight and under ten Ten and under twelve Twelve and under fifteen Fifteen and under twenty Twenty and under twenty-five Twenty-five and over Life Indeterminate sentence 1 1 Total 807 1, ,851 P--. TABLE \. AOES '., a eri,. 5, c n 2.a- a <1.,..m..e. :«g a, tn.: c -rq r' m. 53 -,1?, _..., ^ Total e '7.' :.:r. -.e 0.14 'F..' C-) a,-..., z 7-e" 1--i W C''.. PQ rn L: Under twenty-one years Twenty-one to twenty-five Twenty-five to thirty Thirty to forty Forty to fifty 136' Fifty to sixty ' 180 Over sixty Total 807 1, ,851 TABLE VI. CREEDS a 4, â5.:: e, ô '-' 7 : e.,.0 - o,.., -g ».. - rn Total 5 P''' '....1' -5,à) 8.,,,O à,, w -8 m gl,,,- 4 cn U Christian Roman Catholic ,833 Church of England Presbyterian Methodist United Church Baptist Lutheran Salvation Army Greek Catholic Greek Orthodox ' 35 Doukhobour Other Christian Creeds Non-Christian- Ilebrew Atheist (No religion) ' Others Total 807 1, ,851

39 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 37 TABLE VIL PREVIOUS CONVICTIONS p,4 P4.,9 e.,, t -tà A >.à) _ ,,-,, a).,,,.,..., -2 ï a.- Total b0 -à 0 ô o kd cil n m al ri/ C.) None ' Total 807 1, ,851 Percentage of recidivists TABLE VIII. EMPLOYMENT OF CONVICTS - 1-> a. a e, b.:1.3 0 C e a.-0 P ci,.0 S 'f.;. -.-S,. b0 4>.'' ' '.2.7'; à,1."0 '5 u c,. Wi C O el ' 13 pa En u, >e,.l>,s Total Blacksmith Bookbinding Broom Brush 9 9 Canvas work Carpenter Change room and. laundry 186 Washino ( 27) Repairing ( 36) Sorting ( 58) Barbering ( 59) Sock making 5 1 ( 6) Char service, 391 Cell blocks (304) Administration Buildings and Offices ( 20)

40 38 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE - TABLE VIII. EMPLOYMENT OF CONVICTS Concluded a) e P.,.._, a, 6,.e. -`, o3 A pq,0 g,i, - >4,= rn, Total ' t -,->.. 2,..L4.F n. e iezi N ri3) el. PI rn U Char service-,-concluded All others ( 67) Clerks 140 Shops ( 82) All others ( 58) Construction Buildings and works 166 Form work 5 ( 5) Building carpenters ( 40) Brick and stonelaying ( 28) Plastering 8 9 ( 17) Teamsters 1 ( 1) Machine operators 4 1 ( 5) Helpers and labourers ( 64) Mason 6 ( 0) Engineer's department 145 Electricians ( 25) Plumbers ( 24) Steamfitters ( 21) Stokers ( 21) Fuel supply ( 47) Filtration plant 3 4 ( 7) Farming 308 General (including stables, piggery and poultry) (293) Teamsters ( 34) Ornamental grounds ( 41). Hospital 27 Orderlies ( 21) Dental 2 4 ( 0) Library Machine shop Masonry Messengers Motor mechanics 79 Truck drivers ( 16) Motor mechanics ( 62) Painters 1 ( 1) Painting Printing Prison for women Quarrying School Shoe Steward's department 253 Cooks ( 44) Bakers ( 36) Cleaners « (114) Others ( 59) Stonecutting Stores Tailoring Tinsmithing Utility 169 Yard and road maintenance ( 50) Excavating ( 48) Incinerator ( 3) Others ( 68) Vocational training 79 Bricklaying 11 9 ( 20) Cabinet makers 9 ( 9) Carpenters 6 9 ( 15) Plumbers and steamfitters 10 ( 10) Sheet metal 12 9 ( 21) Drafting 4 ( 4) Total employed 746 1, ,660 Total on register not employed March 31, Totids 807 1, ,851

41 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 39 TABLE IX.-COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE Revenue Receipts Revenue Receipts Dorchester St. Vincent de Paul Kingston Collin's Bay Manitoba Saskatchewan British Columbia Total 8 ets. 43, , , , , , , From Sales of Farm Produce cts. 29, , , , , , , Total 8 cts. 40, , , , , , , From Sales of Farm Produce 8 cts. 27, , , , , , , , , , , TABLE X.-COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF DISBTJRSEMENTS cts. 8 cts. 8 cts. Dorchester 423, , , St. Vincent de Paul 811, , ,111, Kingston 580, , , Collin's Bay 312, , , Manitoba 331, , , Saskatchewan 394, , , British Columbia 340, , ;192, ,711, ,428, TABLE XL-COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (Including value of goods used and cash disbursements) cts. 8 cts. 8 cts. Dorchester : 416, , , St. Vincent de Paul 805, , ,067, Kingston 590, , , Collin's Bay 314, , , Manitoba 325, , , Saskatchewan 380, , , British Columbia 332, , , ,165, ,654, ,247,884 00

42 TABLE XII.-EXPENDITURES AT PENITENTIARIES BY MAIN HEADS Average Daily Population Salaries and other paylist items Retiring allowances Uniforms Messing Printing and stationery Other administrative expenses Total administration Maintenance of convicts Discharge expenses Operating expenses Maintenance of fixed assets Total excluding capital Capital: Construction Machinery and equipment Livestock Total Capital Net credit adjustment Net Capital Net total expenditure Average cost per convict Average cost per convict per diem Total e nt cboritish Peni ries Kingston St. Vinc Collin's Dorchester Manitoba umbia - Saskatchewan tentia de Paul l Bay 3, , $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. S cts. 2,313, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,473, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,441, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,247, , ,067, , , , , , , , , , , , DEPA RTMEN T OF JUSTICE

43 REPORT OF THÉ SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 41 TABLE XIII. EXPENDITURES ON MEDICAL AND ALLIED SERVICES Medical Dentists' and Eye fees O ptical Surgical Specialists' and Suppes li fees fees Laboratory X-rays, etc. work Salaries paid to Part-time Dentists S cts. $ cts. S ets. $ cts. $ cts. Kingston 4, , St. Vincent de Paul 2, , Dorchester , Manitoba 2, ' , British Columbia 1, , Saskatchewan 1, , Collin's Bay Total 13, , , , , TABLE XIV. CELL ACCOMMODATION e Kingston -.. ti.:1 FLi-' e..fd t, e -a "g 01 Total 21. 4z., -.. '''' '-i= g 0 ia.- Males Females,-0 e.q el X P w C.) Cubicle cells , ,405 Hospital cells Dissociation Dormitory beds Under construction

44 TABLE XV. ACTIVITIES OF WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS DURING FISCAL YEAR Number of Number of Number of visits Names Number of convicts interviewed Penitentiary convicts convicts of of Welfare Organizations by each interviewed discharged Welfare Organizations visiting Welfare Organization Kingston John Howard Society; Salvation Army 228 Salvation ArmY; John Howard Society 160 Prisoners' Aid and Welfare Asso- Prisoners' Aid and Welfare - ciation. Association 6 St. Vincent de Paul John Howard Society; John Howard Society 45 La Société d'orientation et de Société d'orientation et de Réhabilitation Sociale. Réhabilitation Sociale 150 Dorchester Salvation Army; Salvation Army 36 Manitoba Salvation Army; Salvation Army 59 Canadian Welfare Association. Canadian Welfare Association 18 ' British Columbia 791(*) Salvation Army; John Howard Society Salvation Army 497 (Rev. Hobden); Rev. Hobden 186 Rev. Carlyle, Catholic Representative of John Howard Society.. Rev. Carlyle 108 Saskatchewan Salvation Army. Salvation Army 5 ffollsi M do INW ITIalVcIAI Collins Bay ' 25 Salvation Army; John Howard Society of Ontario. Salvation Army John Howard Society of 22, Ontario 74 (*) While Welfare Organizations conducted 791 interviews, many convicts were interviewed several times, and therefore, the actual number of convicts who received benefit from such work is much less than this figure may indicate.

45 REPORT OF THE SUPEI?INTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 43 Male 729 KINGSTON PENITENTIARY Mr. R. M. ALLAN, 'Warden The population at the close of prison March 31st, 1947 was: Female 56 Total 785 Of the total population as of close of prison March 31st, 1947, eight males and 1 female were confined in asylums under section 61 of the Penitentiary Act, while one male and two females were confined in similar institutions under section 58 of the Penitentiary Act. The population at the close of prison March 31st, 1948 was: Male Female Total Of the total population at the close of prison March 31st, 1948, nine males and one female were confined in asylums under section 61 of the Penitentiary Act, while one male and two females were confined in similar institutions under section 58 of the Penitentiary Act. Three males who escaped on August 18th, 1947 were still at large. An escape of very serious proportions occurred on August 18th, 1947 with three dangerous convicts successfully effecting their escape and, up to the end of the year no success had been met with in again apprehending them. A complete investigation was carried out by the Senior Assistant Commissionér and a report submitted to the Department. Another convict escaped while employed constructing a silo on our farm. However, he was only -at liberty for slightly over one hour when he was recaptured and returned to the prison. Classification and Segregation I am pleased to report that, with the appointment of a Classification Officer, classification of convicts has been proceeded with the results being very satisfactory. We are indeed fortunate in haying Mr. ' F. P. Miller as Classification Officer of this institution and his enthusiasm and tact can only prove beneficial and will be of great assistance to the institution's administration. While our activities up to the end of the year were more or less exploratory, we have formulated a procedure which we consider will bring forth tangible results. Mr. Miller is also very interested in the rehabilitating of persons after discharge and he has worked in close co-operation with representatives of the John Howard Society and other groups in the province. The results are very encouraging. He has also visited Provincial Institutions at Guelph and Brampton and discussed penal administration with provincial officials. This has resulted in a better understanding between Fedéral and Provincial administration which is very desirable. It has also been our privilege to have visits and discussions with iepresentatives of the Department of Labor and I particularly wish, at this time, to thank Mr. Merrill, who has been very interested in our problems and is in a position to assist men leaving this institution. The Classification Officer's report is very comprehensive and complete in detail and also contains many useful suggestions, which will be of great assistance to the authorities for classification purposes. While we have no recognized segregation procedure, due to restricted facilities, we endeavour within our limitations to segregate certain types of convicts, ft

46 44 DEPARTMENT OF 1JUSTICE detailing for work in separate groups of young convicts whi) have the ability to learn and who are as far as we can judge, reformable. They are assigned in groups to our Printing 13epartment and Garage. The Classification Board also recommends convicts for transfer to Collin's Bay Penitentiary. Hospital Administration. In submitting the report 1)y Dr. T. N. Tweddell, Penitentiary Physician, it is noted that 105 major operations were performed on inmates in the male section of the penitentiary and six major operations in our Prison for Women. The Penitentiary Physician also aeted as surgeon in 87 of the 111 operations performed. The addition of new operating equipment, which includes a modern operating table and anaesthetic apparatus has increased the efficiency of our hospital to a great extent. However, I would again stress the necessity of obtaining X-Ray examinations. It is necessary to have them transported to the Kingston hospitals under escort, and, while no difficulties of a serious nature have develoried, the risk we are assuming is great and would be eliminated entirely if we had X-Ray equipment available at the institution. Dental Clinic. Our Dental Department is under the direct supervision of Dental Surgeon Dr. R. P. Milian who, during the past year has treated over 1,800 convicts..visits to the Dental Clinic consisted of requests of convicts for dental work, routine examinations on admittance to the institution ' extractions; fillings, operations, etc. Additional to fulfilling the requirements for the male section of the institution, he is also responsible for the dental treatment of female convicts and convicts who are confined at Collin's Bay Penitentiary. I am pleased to advise that the average cost per convict for dental treatment for the year is only approximately one dollar and sixty-seven cents ($1.67). Psychiatric Ward. I regret to advise that, after another yea.r, I am not in a position to report the completion of oui' Psychiatric Ward. The delay can be attributed chiefly to the difficulty and delay in securing materials and equipment, also we have had difficulty in obtaining suitable personnel to supervise this department. Our Psychiatrist, Dr. Crawford, visited Toronto last November to interview four applicants and from the four we were only successful in. obtaining a hospital supervisor. Despite our efforts since that date we have been unable to interest any persons having the necessary qualifications for a hbspital officer's position. It was anticipated, however, that this ward would be in operation not later than May, During the past year Dr. Crawford has examined and submitted reports on 225 convicts. Some of this number have been seen on several occasions. Dr. Crawford also supervises and administers the V.D.S. Clinic in both sections of the prison. During the year oui' Psychiatrist has also visited Collin's Bay Penitentiary and interviewed several convicts at that institution at the request of the Warden and Penitentiary Physician of that institution. We find the services of Dr. Crawford most useful and on many occasions he has submitted reports of great value which have assisted materially in àdministering proper treatment and also detailing convicts vho are abnormal in many respects yet not certifiable, to various types of employment. Our Psychiatrist is also a member of the Classification Board and his advice and guidance have been of great assistance to this body. School and Library. Our school has continued to function in a satisfactory manner during the past year under the supervision of Schoolteachers H. B. Patterson and R. S. Edmunds.

47 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 45 At the' mid-surnmer examinations fifteen (15) pupils were successful in obtaining their Entrance Certificates, four (4) of them being awarded honours. Middle school exa,minations were also held and fourteen (14) pupils passed in one or more papers, a total of thirty-five (35) 'papers, twent3r-three (23) of which won honour standing. There were 6,200 attendances at school during the fiscal year. It is interesting to note that our Schoolteacher considers that the statistics of comparative literacy show no change from previous years. Through the efforts of Deputy Commissioner McCulley arrangements were completed to have Department of Veterans Affairs courses made available to all our convicts and our appreciation is extended to the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Justice in having this opportunit3r made available to our population. The figures shown hereunder are the number of convicts who are taking D.V.A. courses and these figures will no doubt convey the great interest these courses have created : Number of enrolled 175 Number of courses 246 Number of certificates 21 Number of tests 47 I am also pleased to advise that the privilege of taking D.V.A. courses has also been extended to convicts who are non-veterans. We were also favoured with lectures by Professors from Queens University and other lecturers. These were most instructive and appreciated by the group of convicts chiefly interested in the subject matter of address. Educational films were also shown to various shop groups with excellent results. Our Schoolteacher expresses himself as being gratified with the results attained through school activities during the past year and has stated that much of the success can be attributed to the interest displayed by Deputy Commissioner McCulley. Religious Instruction. The attendance and attention at our Chapel services, both Roman Catholic and Protestant, during the past year has been satisfactory. I am also pleased to report that a Mission was held in both Chapels of the Roman Catholic denomination in December conducted by Father G. Bennett, C.S.R. The attendance at our male chapel, however, was far from satisfactory as only 25% of our population attended. A much higher percentage was made by the female population. However, a large number of the men expressed their thanks that they had been given an opportunity to make the mission. It is fourteen years since the last mission was held at this institution. Regular chapel services were held in the Protestant Chapel, also voluntary services from time to time on special occasions, which were fairly well attended. The Warden is also appreciative of the continual assistance and co-operation rendered by the representatives of the Salvation Army, of which Major Waters is the local representative. The interest taken by this organization in their endeavours to rehabilitate men leaving this institution brings many disappointments. However, they have their small percentage of success and this provides the necessary encouragement to continue in their endegirours to do good to a group of people consisting mainly of individuals with antisocial outlooks. Rabbi Kellerman, who attends to the spiritual administration of the Jewish population has also attended regularly and reports that the attendance and deportment at his services have been most satisfactory.

48 46 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Prison for Women. The Prison for Women has operated under the supervision of Head Matron Gibson and, as in the male section, the population has increased to a marked degree. During this year our population reached an all time high and the number of female convicts remaining on the register a,t the close of prison March 31st, 1948 was 71 within the institution. A large number of articles of various kinds were manufactured during the year consisting of Army shirts, sheets, pillow cases, gowns, quilts, pyjamas, hospital dressings, night gowns, dresses, discharge outfits, etc. The number of articles completed by the population of the Prison for Women totalled 10,000 unita. We have also a large flock of poultry in the Prison for Women yard, the care and supervision being carried out by female convicts. Farming Operations. The yield from our Farm during the past year may be considered average. However, the increased acreage in tomatoes permitte'd us to increase our production at our canning plant of canned tomatoes over the previous year, our output being 2,176 cases. Additional to the foregoing, 1,133 cases of beans and 270 cases of pumpkin were also processed. A quantity of beans were also shipped from St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary for processing. The operation of our canning plant still continues to be a very successful venture and the saving which accrues from this plant amounts to a considerable sum and is very profitable to the institution. Our herd of cattle has also maintained a very high standard and the care and attention which Assistant Farm Instructor Clark and his staff devote to this purpose is reflected, not only in the production of milk but also in the appearance of the herd generally: The production of hogs has also been well maintained to the point where we were able to supply Collin's Bay Penitentiary with pork on several occasions. Construction and Industry. A number of projects were completed during the past year. The majority of our activities, however, consisted mostly. of remodelling existing buildings and maintenance. The production from our shops has been well maintained and the reports submitted by Chief Trade Instructor Earl and Acting Chief Trade Instructor Walker give details on the construction projects and production from our shops. They are extensive in their scope and provide ample opportunity for any convict who has a desire to learn any trade to improve his knowledge, which if applied properly will assist greatly in his rehabilitation. The construction of the new Dissociated Cell Block was commenced and the excavation for this building was practically completed during the winter months. This was a slow undertaking as it was necessary to blast practically through solid limestone before we could remove any material from this excavation. In summing up the situation for the past year, considerable difficulties have been met with by the administration, chiefly through our oppulation being at a very high level. This reached a point where a transfer of fifty (50) convicts to other institutions became necessary. While this gave us temporary relief it was noticed that the number of receptions continued 'at an exceptionally high level and it is anticipated further transfers will be necessary in the future.. At this 'time I would like to express my appreciation to Chief.Keeper J. Atkins and Keeper A, W. Ribbens, who have acted in the,capacities of Acting Deputy Warden and Acting Chief Keeper since the retirement of Deputy Warden Millard. The painstaking and conscientious manner in which they carried out all detail assisted the administration to a marked degree, it being realized that 'when 'officers are in an acting capacity for an extended period their responsibilities are materially increased..

49 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 47 It is considered by the Warden that definite progress has been made throughout the past year, chiefly in the field of classification, also ha-ving the psychiatrist attached to the staff has proved of immense value and it is anticipated Many of our existing difficulties, particularly with border line mental cases, will be eliminated with the opening of our Psychiatric Ward. In closing may I again express my appreciation to the Commissioner, Major General Gibson, Senior Assistant Commissioner Sauvant, Deputy Commissioners McCulley and Gendreau and Assistant Commissioner McLaughlin for their valuable guidance and co-operation during the past year. The warden also wishes to express his thanks to all members of his staff who have conscientiously fulfilled their duties during the past year. May I also express my appreciation to Warden Craig of Collin's Bay Penitentiary and his senior officers for their continued co-operation in matters which affect both institutions. ST. VINCENT DE PAUL PENITENTIARY COLONEL G. LEBEL, Warden MOVEMENT OF POPULATION In custody, April 1, ,127 convicts Received during the year 434 " Total 1,561 convicts Released during the year: By expiration of sentence 307, By Ticket of Leave 130., By transfer to other penitentiaries 13 By pardon 4 By deportation 2 By death 4 Struck off strength while on temporary parole 1 On instructions of Military Authorities 1 Total releases Remaining, March 31st, 1948 Those in custody on March 31, 1948, comprised: 1,080 convicts insidè the walls 17 convicts confined to insane wards 2 convicts on temporary parole 462 convicts 1,099 convicts While there is a reduction of 28 convicts, on March 31, 1948, as compared with the population at April 1, 1947, it is to be noted that our daily population averaged 1,084 convicts this year, against 1,078 during the previous year. MOVEMENT OF STAFF We began the year with a staff of 270 all ranks. We took on 38 new officers, while 26 were struck off strength. By March 31, 1948, we had the full complement of officers authorized by the establishment, namely a total of 282 officers. Ten new positions were created, chiefly in conjunction with vocational training of convicts. They also include the positions of Classification Officer and Librarian. One position was abolished. MEDICAL SERVICES Convicts.. Generally speaking, the health of convicts was good. The per capita cost is established at $2.88. Three convicts were declared insane and were removed to the Provincial Asyffim for the Criminal Insane.

50 48 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE One convict died in the penitentiary hospital from cancer and heart disease. Another convict died in Grace Dart Hospital, in Montreal, while on temporary parole. Only 53 cases of syphilis were treated in the dispensary. This included eleven new cases a considerable improvement over the previous year, when 37 new cases were admitted. A total of 1,592 injections were administered. All convicts concerned fully co-operated with the hospital staff in connection with V.D.S. treatments. Six patients were declared probably cured. There were still 31 patients under treatment on March 31, Two hundred and eighty convicts were hospitalized during, the year. ThirtyfiVe thousand five hundred and thirty-eight cases were treated in the dispensary-lan average of 120 per week day. One hundred and fifty-three convicts sustained injuries (mostly of a minor nature) while at work. Ten major and thirteen minor surgical operations were performed. Eight T.B. cases were hospitalized during the year, with one remaining on.march 31, Dental Treatment. Four thousand six hundred and fourteen patients were -treated in the dental clinic an increase of 35% over Operative and surgical dentistry involved an expenditure of $ Three hundred and fifteen dentures, 195 partials were made and 99 dentures were repaired at a total cost of $ or an average of $1.12 per unit. Staff. Two thousand two hundred and thirty,seven and one half days sick leave were granted to personnel. This includes days' leave resulting from injuries while on duty', and days leave without pay. This would indicate a definite improvement, considering that with an increased personnel, sick leave has dropped by 748f days. Nine officers underwent major surgical interventions. Tell officers were injured while on duty, and four sustained injuries while off duty. RELIGIOUS SERVICES R. C. Chapel. Reverend. Father Rosaire Préville, as in past years, has ministered to the spiritual needs of the some.850 Roman Catholic convicts of the institution. Divine Services wet.' e held regularly every Sunday and Holy Day, -two masses being celebrated on each of these days. The R. C. Chaplain has spared no effort to give moral support to his congregation. Every week day, he has granted individual interviews to convicts over 3,000 such interviews during the year. He has advised convicts spiritually and s supplied a large number of them with various religious books, beads, etc. Until the appointment of the Classification Officer, he has acted as social worker, whenever necessary, conta,cting social agencies and societies; juvenile court authorities; hospital wards, etc. He has also, and still continues, contacting convicts' relatives on various family matters. The annual mission was conducted by Rev. Father Jolicoeur, during the of February 9-14, The success of this mission was evidenced by the week fact thȧ t over 500 convicts attended to their Easter duties, at the conclusion of the mission.

51 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 49 Protestant Chapel. Reverend G. R. Ferneret lias taken care of the spiritual,welfare of the protestant convicts, whose congregation averaged 160 throughout the year. Reverend N. Noseworthy was invited to conduct the annual mission during Ash Wednesday week. The Protestant Chaplain reports the mission was stimulating and interesting. Holy Communion has been celebrated on the first Sunday of each month and also on Festivals. An average of 50 convicts remained voluntarily at the celebration (i.e. for those wishing to remain and receive). This contrasts significantly with the average of 12, when attendance was compulsory. The 'Salvation Army continues conducting one service per month. Occasionnally, their instrumentalists have contributed greatly to the enjoyment of the service. The assistance rendered by the "Army" in their follow-up work for discharged convicts is duly appreciated. The provision of a new cemetary of appropriate location and embellishment is presently under consideration. The Protestant Chaplain has granted 943 interviews to convicts of his denomination. He has paid 287 visits to convicts' relatives in Montreal and vicinity, and has alsn acted as social worker, whenever occasion so demanded. Synagogue. Rabbi C. Bender, as in the past, continues taking care of the spiritual welfare of Jewish.inmates. Religious services were held every alternate Thursday afternoon, during which time the Chaplain also gave a sermon to his congregation. Following services, convicts were afforded the opportunity of an interview with the Rabbi, upon request. Usual arrangements have been made for the observance of special Jewish Holidays, such as New Year, Atonement and Tabernacle, Passover and Pentecost, and the provision of special religious diet, during Passover. The average number of Jewish convicts now stands at 15, as compared with 11 a year ago. SCHOOL At the present time, three schools, each including a French and an English section, are being operated as follows: For Adults Young Convicts Related Training Quarters Old R.C. Chapel C.B. No. 1 Laval Workshops. Days Monday to Friday Monday, Wednesday, Monday and Friday Thursday Time 9 11 a.m am cm. Classes: French English Attendance: French English

52 50 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Related training was inaugurated last November, in conjunction with vocational training. It is still in the experimental stage, and while results are satisfactory so far, they will no doubt improve substantially as we go along, On April 1, 1947, 42 convicts were taking correspondence courses-40 veterans, with D.V.A., 1 with a Mechanic Training School and 1 with International Correspondence Courses. Since then, and following the privilege granted - non-veterans to take, D.V.A. courses free of charge, 250 applications were filed for D.V.A. courses, and 14 applications for courses given by other agencies. By the end of the fiscal year, 117 adults were taking 130 courses, while 43 young convicts were taking a corresponding number of courses.. It is evident convicts are awakening to the need for self-education and that they have appreciated and taken advantage of the exceptional opportunity provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Some 70% of the convict population devote time, in their cell, to improving their education by means of books supplied by the school. Records show that 730 convicts have over 2,600 books in their cells, for self-study. In addition, some 300 school books are issued and returned by the same convicts, each month. Convicts are issued with pencils, ink copy books, scribblers, drawing paper, etc., on request to the schoolteacher. They are also permitted to purchase special school and textbooks, supplies drawing material, etc. During the lunch hour, the schoolteacher and his assistant lend required assistance to convicts in their cells, either by visit or communication. - Such assistance is rendered to an average of 60 convicts each working day. The department is presently considering the Construction of a school, to meet a long-felt need and to cope with ever-increa,sing requirements. This building will permit the centralization of our school activities under the one roof,- and make for ad.ded teaching efficiency, by providing all available facilities for each group of pupils. LIBRARY The addition to the Administrative Staff, on June 10, 1947, of an experienced librarian has filled a very definite need. With the constant expansion of our teaching pregram, it would have been a physical impossibility for the school staff to handle adequately much longer both the school and the library. This adjustment is duly appreciated and improvement is already evident. Adverse conditions prevailing up to last year have -eased up somewhat. We succeeded, last Winter, in securmg 1,800 French and 200 English new 'books. This addition has given some relief. Further purchases contemplated during will permit us to discard older books which should have been condemned long ago. Steps have been taken to establish a new book delivery and circulation system similar to those existing in. public libraries. English and French catalogues have been thoroughly revised and are being brought up to date. It is anticipated that eventually library books and magazines will be issued and returned on a daily basis. Books and magazines were circulated as f011ows: Language Magazines Fiction Non-Fiction Total French 82,531 28,270 7, ,816 English 134,203 22,512 5, ,313 Total 216,734 50,782 12, ,129

53 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 51 The issue of magazines shows an increase of over 70% in comparison with least year. Private subscriptions by convicts raised from 501 to 668 an increase of over 33% over last year, and an increase of over 100%, when compared to April lst, STEWARD'S DEPARTMENT Steward J. Beaupré has ably managed his department during the past fiscal year. Meals served to officers and convicts have been very satisfactory. To keep the kitchen in as high a state of cleanliness as possible, a night detail is kept at work, with very satisfactory results. New pest control equipment, purchased for use throughout the institution, is employed regularly in the kitchen and has proven more effective than any previous means. Extensive improvements are under consideration. They include: additional equipment; removal of partitions; extension of the officera' mess; replacement of ovens and cooking stoves; tiling walls and floor; etc. This will substantially improve the inside appearance of the kitchen and add to efficiency and output. The new dish and pot washing building was completed and put in operation on March 17th. The removal of the dish washing eqiiipment from the mai n. kitchen has proven a real godsend. In spite of the gradual increase in the cost of most commodities, we did manage not to exceed the authorized ration expenditures. One million one hundred and ninety thousand five hundred and eleven meals were served to convicts at a total cost of $142,802.73; while 48,317 duty meals, averaging $ were served in the officers' mess. FARM DEPARTMENT The farm department has been ably managed by Instructor E. Decarie and his assistant, Mr. M. Bélanger. Heavy snow falls prevailed throughout the Winter of 1947, and wei:e followed by a very late Spring. Seeding did not start till the end of May. July and August were very hot, and an exceedingly dry period was experienced between July 22nd and August 28th. These unfavourable conditions account for the sharp decrease in some crops, as compared with the yield of previous years. Everything possible has been done to improve our land. The drainage has been closely followed and improved: brush has been cleared; fences have been kept in a good state of repair and replaced, whenever necessary. It is anticipated we will be able to undertake important levelling improvements during the coming fiscal year, with the bulldozer recently purchased. Piggery. We ended the year with 684 head, an increase of 126 as compared to April 1, However, to obtain this result (which was made imperative by the increasing needs of the Steward's Department) it was necessary to suspend sales to the kitchen for two short periods, to bring the pigs up to proper slaughtering weight, because the kitchen's demands exceeded the supply available, with the result that we were reduced to slaughtering pigs under normal slaughtering weight. During the year, 462 hogs, representing 82,112 lbs of dressed pork, were sold to the kitchen for $11, Horses. Two horses were condemned during the year. One riding horse was purchased. We now have 14 horses on hand. With our increased motorized equipment., this number is sitfficient for our needs.

54 52 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Cattle. Our herd decreased from 85 to 80 during the year. the kitchen totalled $1, Beef sales to An epidemic of intestinal grippe developed among the dairy herd, during the month Of November. Milk production was substantially affected duringthat time. Fortunately, no loss of cattle resulted from this epidemic. 1\4ilk sales to the kitchen totalled $7,102.48, practically the same amount as the previous year. Poultry. On April lst we had 2,232 chickens on hand. Four hundred and fifteen were purchased during the year,making total of 2,647. An epidemic in the early Spring accounted for the death of most of the 663 we lost. We sold.1,140, leaving 844 chickens as at March 31, Twelve thousand nine hundred and sixteen dozen of eggs were sold to the kitchen for a total of $3, CHIEF TRADE INSTRUCTOR (CoNsTRuerioN) Chief Trade Instructor J. Levasseur, who ' vas appointed on January 1, 1947, has given a good account of himself since assuming duties. He gradually proceeded with the reorganization necessitated by the almost simultaneous departiire, of former C.T.I.s J. Dorais and M. Brunelle, during 1946, and his important department now functions in an orderly manner. Maintenance and repairs to buildings and tenements have been given the usual close attention. Roads, walks, lawns and grounds have been maintained in good condition, repairs being attended to as need arose. Repairs, alterations and decorating were carried out in tenements H-32, H-35, H-57, H-61 and H-87. Similar action was taken with respect to stables, buildings.f-1 and F-2; armoury, carpenter shop vertibule; Clerk bookkeeper's and Accountant's offices. Repairs to main wall, between tower D-4 and the West Gate, are progressing -satisfactorily. Ceilings and walls have been plastered and decorated in the Physician's and Dentist's offices; laboratory and dental clinic; Hospital cells and corridors in 1-M, 1-N and 2-N Wings. The installation of the slaughtering hoist has been completed at the piggery. The relocation of detonator and powder magazines has been completed. Alterations and new partitions have been attended to at Laval Buildings shop "M". STATISTICS (Approximately 75 per cent market of value) 29,796 Cu. ft. stone were quarried 8,805 sq. ft. of cut stone were produced 2,357 tons of stonc were crushed $10, , ,347 cement blocks of various dimensions were manufactured 2, CHIEF TRADE INSTRUCTOR (INDUSTRIAL) $14, As in past years, C.T.I. R. Lesage has had the direction of industrial and custom work and has ably managed the workshops of the institution.' He has also assumed the supervision of the new Sheet Metal Worshop, recently added to our production shops and which is situated in Shop "M" Laval Buildings, which serves chiefly as a vocational training centre.

55 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 53 The following comparative statistics are self-explanatory. Particulars s Increase Decrease $ cts. S cts. $ cts. $ cts. Customers 64, , , Institution 39, , , Penitentiary Service Total 104, , , , Net decrease, $ Articles manufactured or repaired are summarized hereunder: Particulars Increase Decrease Institution 459, ,424 50,637 Penitentiary Service 8,554 4,573 ' 3,981 Staff 23,019 8,918 14,101 National Defence 1, Other Gov't Depts 424, , ,612 Total 915,977 1,060, ,612 69,693 Net Increase 144,919. The past difficulties in securing materials and supplies still persist, to a lesser degree. Although the situation has materially improved, there are still delays, with consequent slowness in manufacturing and occasionally impossibility to meet delivery dates. Notwithstanding these Unavoidable handicaps, the Chief Trade Instructor has succeeded in achieving quite satisfactory results. CHIEF VOCATIONAL OFFICER With the introduction of vocational training for convicts last Summer, a former position of Chief Trade Instructor (Construction) was converted by the Department to the position of Chief Vocational Officer. Mr. J. C. A. Laferriere, O.A.S., was appointed to this new position last January. He has assumed charge of young convicts' vocational training plan, consisting at this time of bricklaying-masonry,.. carpentry-construction and cabinet-making courses. Mr. Laferriere has had wide and varied experience in vocational training work with large groups of youths, in various large centres, prior to joining the service. His previous familiarity with Similar organization and administration has been of decided value in the preliminary stage of his work, and results so far augur well for the future success of his very important department. Courses have been planned to develop a sound theoretical knowledge and dexterity in the handling of the tools and machinery of the various trades taught. In addition, each trainee is given the related training applicable to the development of his trade, in order to broaden his knowledge and to arouse and sustain his interest throughout the course.

56 54 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Courses are divided into three periods: (a) Basic to provide fundamental knowledge of tools and their handling. (h) Intermediate Trainee will perform concrete work by himself and put into practice the principles and various notions already absorbed. When this period is successfully completed, the trainee.may be considered as an advanced apprentice. (c) Final Devoted to the industrial application of the principles studied and practised. The trainee will be called upon to lay out plans or devise the best ways to work out a job, and then follow it through under the supervision of the instructor. Progress made so far is recorded hereunder: Course Started Duration Completed to date Percentage weeks weeks Bricklaying-masonry Carpentry-construction Cabinet-making Movement of trainees since the inception of these courses is as follows: TRAINEES Course Assigned Removed Remaining on course Percentage remaining Percentage Bricklaying-masonry Carpentry-construction Cabinet-making Total The comparatively large number of 'trainees taken off courses was ancitipated and is quite normal, considering the type, calibre, and educational standard of subjects who -volunteered for vocational training. The original selection was made more or less on -a trial and error basis, owing to the limited number of potential candidates available. Considering these factors, it is felt results so far are quite satisfactory. We are gradually developing an.amended procedure and it is anticipated that in the immediate future every applicant will be subjected to a pre-selection interview and test, so as to ensure a better screening, and incidentally, avoid wastage of the time of the instructors and convicts, by a more adequate selection and corresponding. proper placement of trainees. CLASSIFICATION OFFICER Mr. J. Maher was appointed on November 17th, 1947 as Classification Officer. Although he assumed duty only a few months ago, this officer has -already succeeded in establishing firm contact with social agencies particularly the John Howard Society and the "Société d'orientation et de Réhabilitation Sociale", of Montreal, whose accredited representatives regularly visit interested convicts monthly. Arrangements are under way for similar visitation hy a representative of the "Catholic and Welfare Bureau for Prisoners" in the immediate, future.

57 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 55 Mr. Maher interviews all newcomers, some two or three weeks after admittance, in order to prepare individual personal history and social records, which are finall3r scrutinized by the Classification Board at their monthly session. The data so collected has already proven of decided help in determining proper. placement of convicts. Two months prior to discharge, convicts are interviewed by the Classification Officer, and have the opportunity of expressing their needs and requirements. If conditions warrant, an interview is arranged with the representative of either of the accredited social agencies, who provide such assistance as their means permit. It is anticipated this additional service will, in time, prove of definite value towards the eventual rehabilitation and reformation of discharged convicts. GENERAL REMARKS The administration building, which possibly provided ample accommodation when erected some twent3r-five years ago, is much too small for present-day needs. The secretarial staff has more than doubled. The number of visitors for - convicts has tremendously increased; the congregation of people lined up two deep in the waiting room is practically a daily sight. Outside the Warden's private office, there are practically no facilities for private interviews the general office being more than overcrowded with a staff of seven, packed, with necessary furniture, in an area less than 500 square feet. An extension to the existing building is now an absolute necessity and covering recommendation will be offered in the course of the next few months, so that work may be started, if possible, in the early Sprin- g of Our convict population, which averaged 1,084 during the year, shows every sign of further increase. While steps have been taken to provide additional makeshift accommodation, the situation remains acute and will of-fer constantly a serious problem until such time as extra accommodation can be made available outside the prison walls. It is to be hoped that such provision will be made in the near future. It is the opinion of the undersigned that training of officers, at the R.C.M.P. Rockliffe Barracks, vocational training of convicts and the appointment of Classification Officers are amongst- the outstanding achievements of the Commissioner during the first few months of his administration. It is evident the majority of the staff of this institution have viewed these major improvements with the very real feeling that penitentiary management will now move progressively forward, and that every penitentiary officer, without exception, will eventually be expected and relied upon to share willingly and efficiently in the chief aim and purpose of our institutions the reformation and rehabilitation of convicts under our care and charge. In conclusion I wish to thank sincerely the Commissioner, the Deputy Commissioners, the Senior and other Assistant Commissioners, and other Branch officials for their many courtesies, earnest assistance and kind advice. I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to the executive, administrative and custodial staffs of this institution for their loyal support, devotion to duty and constant co-operation.

58 56 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DORCHESTER PENITENTIARY COLONEL G. T. GOAD, Warden Convict population as of March 31st, 1948 is five hundred and eighteen (518), including six "On Command", an increase of thirty-eight (38) over the previous year. Convicts received during the year totalled two hundred and sixty-six (266), and two hundred and twenty-eight (228), were discharged from the Penitentiary as follows: By expiry of sentence 139 By ticket of leave 72 By transfer to Kingston Penitentiary 1 By pardon 16 CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Chief Trade Instructor's Department. During the past fiscal year maintenance work was carried out, such as painting, repair work on tenements, barns and cell blocks. Fireproofing of back Carpenter Shop, Building C3, is 90% completed, and it is anticipated Shoe Shop will be located there shortly. The Tailor Shop, now located in Cell Block B7 requires more space, and it is the intention to move that shop to Building C8 (present Shoe Shop), as soon as it can be re-equipped with sanitary facilities, offices, storerooms and a new composition asphalt floor laid over present wood floor. This floor would be sparkproof and waterproof. Cell Block B7, West Wing, is completed and obcupled. The Dome of this building is complete, except for stair railings. Three floors of East Wing of this building are occupied by shops and storage. If it should be necessary to ffiove the Tailor and Canvas Departments, now occupying floors two and three respectively of East Wing of Cell Block B7, the shop condition would be serious. The entire East. Wing is plastered, but considerable work remains before the Wing would be ready for convict occupation. The foundation for the pasteurisation plant was completed during summer of 1947, and it is expected this building will be completed during the coming summer. Stone is already cut for new servery in Cell Block B7, and work will be undertakbn when weather permits. The following additional projects \vere completed during the year: Repairs to Cell Dome, Bldg. BI False Ceiling in Main Gate, DI Installation Horse Shoe Stocks Re-surfacing roof South Wing, Bldg. B4 Painting North Wing, Bldg. B2 Painting Stores Bldg. A6 Repairs March ' Barn, Bldg. F16 Fireproof shingles on Tenement Kitchens Repairs to Boundary walls, and Warden's Drive Painting barriers, South Wing, North Wing and Hospital Interior renovation of a number of tenements. Work in all shops proceedéd satisfactorily during the year. An additional Instructor Mason was secured, but still require the services of an additional Instructor Carpenter. 228

59 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 57 The following work was also undertaken and completed for other Government Departments and Penitentiaries: Manufactured Repaired Dept. of National Defence Dept. of Mines and Resources National Parks Branch Dept. of Agriculture Dept. of Transport Collins Bay Penitentiary Manitoba Penitentiary Post 011ice Department 200 paint kettles 4 desks (teachers) 42,000 plant labels 308 syrup cans 102 funnels 24 coal hods 192 pails.5 oil cans 84 pipe elbows 4 volley ball covers 6 volley ball covers 3 cannon carriers 58,041 mail bags Shoe Shop. Considerable work has been done in this Department, and with the addition of new machinery, more efficient operation is now in effect. Workmanship has been of a high standard and there were very few complaints from officers and convicts regarding footwear. Tailor Shop. Shop space is entirely inadequate and until proper accommodation is available, working operations may not be satisfa,ctory. Difficulties are experienced in this department, in that convicts are not keen on tailoring, and consequently trade training and production are retarded. Nevertheless, discharge clothing for convicts and officers uniforms have generally been well made and fitted. Canvas Department. This shop has been quite active during the year, repairing Post Office mail bags (58,041); also repairing and manufacturing prison mattresses and pillow cases. In addition upholstering work has been started and carried on advantageously. Quarries. Both stone and gravel quarries were operated during the year. Stone quarried also provides employment for convicts in the trade of stonecutting dtiring the winter months. Tinsmith. This department has been kept -very busy during the year and finished material turned out is very satisfactory, and included considerable maintenance work for other departments. PLANT ENGINEER'S DEPARTMENT In the Power Plant a new steam header was installed and steam supply mains connected to same. A new spreader type stoker was installed on No. 3 boiler, and new additional safety valves installed on Nos. 1, 2 and 3 boilers. A. new retort was also installed under No. 2 boiler and new feedwater pump installed. A new steam driven auxiliary oil pump was installed on steam turbine. No. 3 boiler was dismantled and removed from Boiler Room. Six new transformers were installed and old units removed. Machinery and equipment were removed from Dyeing Department, and the two extractors installed in the Laundry. New electric entrance switches and electric fixtures wera installed over rear porches of wooden tenements.

60 58 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE In building C3, the old steam coils, electric lines and other lines were removed prior to removal of old floors. After completion of new concrete floors, new electric conduit lines, steam lines, water lines, unit heaters and some plumbing fixtures were installed. A new line was laid between new milkhouse foundation and main sewer line to the river. The installation of main electric power cable between the Institution and the lines of the Power Commission progressed to 90 per cent. A considerable amount of maintenance work was done in the Power Plant on boilers, stokers, boiler meters, pumps, etc. All maintenance work on steam, electric, water supply plumbing, communication, radio and sewerage systems was carried on as usual. During the year all pressure vessels were examined and tested, and all fire equipment kept in good order and maintained. Fifteen boiler washouts were made; also fifteen internal boiler inspections. KITCHEN This department has functioned satisfactorily throughout the year; evidenced by the few and minor complaints about food by convict personnel. An endeavour has been made to closely check wastage, particularly bread and a certain measure of success has been accomplished. However, it is very hard to control under existing circumstances. During the year equipment was kept in good condition, and any minor repairs necessary were ca,rried out. A new meat slicer was purchased, as well as other small equipment. During the year 211,538 lbs. of *bread were made, of which 18,722 lbs. were sold to officers. The kitchen is kept in a clean and tidy condition. We are not bothered with cockroaches or other pests. The entire kitchen is now in the process of being re-decorated, and painting is nearing completion. LIBRARY During the year the following books were circulated : Fiction books, English and French 70,663 Magazines, English and French 132,476 Educational and Vocational books 6,672 Private subscriptions censored and issued 6,631 Difficulty has been experienced in preventing mutilation of magazines by convicts, and it is not an easy matter to obtain substantive evidence for disciplinary action. Apparently many convicts do not appreciate the outstanding library facilities afforded them which is by far more extensive than may be made available outside of the institution. ' It is opined that the present weekly issue of magazines is excessive, and curtailment may be advisable in future. Complaints of convicts in respect to library issues made were heard daily by the Librarian at 1,300 hours.

61 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 59 In addition numerous articles of convicts' personal property (purchased by them, or received through relatives), such as novels, magazines, trade books, vocational and educational books, crossword puzzles, etc. were issued. SCHOOL The average monthly attendance at school for adult convicts was 45; and young convicts 28. Number of days school held (forenoons) 196 Enrolment for the year; Adults Youths 79 Instructions for both classes of convict comprised primary reading, writing and ciphering; individual and class instruction to both illiterates and semi-illiterates; class instruction, especially to low educated convicts outside the illiterate category, with a view to securing for them knowledge in the "3 R's" equivalent to grade 5 sgandard. Once a week, Saturday morning, several convicts pursued more advanced studies in English and mathematics. During the year correspondence courses as provided and supplied by the Department of Veterans Affairs were inaugurated and encouraged, so that at the present time there are twenty-one such courses being taken by veteran students. One convict is also taking a correspondence course through Laval University on the "Principals of Co-operation"; another convict is taking a course on "Industrial Safety" both at their own expense. During the year educational trade instruction films have been shown to several groups of convicts. PROTESTANT CHAPEL The excellent standard of order and attention attained in the past has been well maintained. The consistent and interested labours of our Organist have not been in vain and the heartiness of the Hymn singing is generally more like that of an outside congregation than that of a congregation doing penal servitude. The severity of the winter was no doubt responsible for the reduction in the number of afternoon services taken by the Salvation Army from its Moncton headquarters. Their coming is always anticipated with pleasure and their services much enjoyed by the men. There have been three classes engaged in Bible Study for periods of the year all began with the Life of Our Lord in Review, then General Bible Knowledge, and since Christmas we have been studying the stories of Genesis. A group of Anglicans have read in class and discussed "The Parish Question Box." These classes afforded the Chaplain some of his most effective opportunities for the teaching of morals and ethics as well as spiritual lessons. The Annual Mission was conducted by Rev. G. F. Bickley, B.A., Rector of Fair View, Halifax, N.S. and proved himself well experienced in dealing with men. His noon hour Bible Classes were the largest held so far, beginning with sixty men and ending with eighty. It was a very fine helpful mission and its influence will have endless results for good in more than one life.

62 60 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE The New 13runswick Auxiliary to the British and Foreign Bible Society has continued to fill all our requirements for Bibles and New Testaments. The latter are given to men going out. The supply of religious periodicals reported la,st year has been maintained by the respective churches. Increases have been necessary in sorne cases. The publisher of the "Northern Messenger" has generously increased its quota to 175 copies each week. The Chapel library needs to be very considerably expanded. So far we have only had one book destroyed and another is missing. One hundred and fiftyfour books were loaned to the men during the last quarter, and many express appreciation of this privilege. Twenty-eight volumes were added to the General Section of the Chapel library by public donation, and two volumes were presented to the reference section. During the year the following visiting clergy assisted in the Chapel services: R,ev. Dr. F. E. Archibald Rev. G. F. Bickley Rev. Dr. L. E. G. Davies Rev. A. K. Herman Rev. J. F. E. Ball Rev. B. R. Tupper Rev. J. P. Russell Rev. L. G. Marshall Rev. N.M. Robbins M. Wry J. Jones M. McKenzie K. Garnett Moncton, N.B. Fair View, Halifax, N.S. Sackville, N.B. Sackville, N.B. Halifax, N.S. Halifax, N.S. Glace Bay, N.S. Shubenacadie, N.S. Hartland, N.B. Bible Institute Quartette A very nice curtain, in harmony with the colour sc,heme of the Chapel, was hung, screening the sentry cage. This is a great improvement to the Chapel. (D. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL Regular chtirch service, 'consisting of Mass, Communion and Sermon took place each Sunday and on each Feast Day of Obligation. Catechism classes were held twice each week, and even though no compulsion Was exercised, about two thirds of the R.C. convicts attended these informal chats. A "Question Box" series was inaugurated in connection with these lectures. The inmates showed lively and persistent interest regarding religious instructions. Several books, pamphlets, magazines, religious newspapers, etc. were obtained through charitable organizations, and which were rea,d regularly. This religious literature replenished the Chaplain's religious library founded last year. A steady circulation of religious reading material was available to the convicts. The Annual Mission vas conducted by Rev. G. A. McDevitt, who accomplished his task quite satisfactorily. The church service was enhanced by appropriate ornamentation and decorations for special Feast Days. The convicts, in general, behaved quite reasonably in church during services, lectures, etc. HEBREW CONVICTS During the year Rabbi I. Medjuck, Moncton, N.B. visited the institution and interviewed three Hebrew convicts.

63 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 61 ' FARM DEPA RTI1IENT The fiscal year ending March 31, 1948, was suitable to all crops produced, except clover which was nearly all winter killed. We were unable to cut the same amount for ensilage as in other years. Fourteen acres were sowed to oats and peas which \vas cut for ensilage. The corn crop gave a good yield. We were able to finish our ensilage and leave sufficient for supplementary feeding for dairy cows during pasture shortage. The hay crop being lighter than other years, it looked as though there would not be sufficient to carry us through, but with careful feeding, no loss in ensilage and turnips, there will be enough hay. In view of the heavy snowfall this winter, and staying on quite late, there should be a sufficient clover crop to make up our ensilage with the assistance of the corn crop. Potato crop was smaller than usual on account of the late planting occasioned by necessity to use, at a late date, considerable sod land, which did not prove very productive. It is the intention to increase the vegetable crop this coming year, especially in carrots, onions and parsnips, as these are in greater demand from the Steward.. Pork production was greater than in other years. Large amounts were utilized in the kitchen. It is hoped to make some improvement this coming year on the outside piggery and ranges, as the pigs are very crowded and need more space. It is intended to construct five new colony houses. It is considered advisable that the cattle be divided into two herds. At present buildings do not permit us to do so. A new barn is necessary, and will allow for the separation of the two herds. Quite a number of beef steers and heifers were butchered during the winter for prison consumption. Poultry houses were constructed last Fall, and the keeping of poultry will commence shortly. As there is a large area of gravel roads on the Penitentiar3r reserve to be maintained, the addition of a grader for grading purposes would be a decided acquisition. There is great need of pasture improvement on the farni, and every effort will be made to correct this during the coming years. Total amount of farm produce delivered to kitchen amounted to $18, Surplus sold for outside revenue, including pork, hides, butterfat, etc. amounted to $1, Ho SPITA This year there was no variation from other years as regards the general physical condition of the convicts. The health of the convicts wits generally good throughout the year, and there was no major illness whatever. There were no deaths or major surgery. One. convict was transferred to Camp Hill Hospital, Halifax, for treatment of a Ewing's Tumor. Six or seven minor sumical cases,_ chiefly lacerated hands were treated here and at Saskville General Hospital.

64 62 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE During the year over 610 physical examinations were made. The number of cases with mental psychosis showed an increase over the preceding year. Thirteen were treated in Hospital and three were sent to Mental Institutions. Tuberculosis A repeat survey made by the Provincial Department of Health, and out of 607 chest X-Ray the only two cases were the same two who showed definite pulmonary tuberculosis last survey, but with some improvement noted in the second picture. Venereal The number of convicts infected with Lues w'as at a new lo),v this year, less than one per cent of the population showing a positive Wasserman or Kahn. Treatments are carried out as laid down by Federal and Provincial Departments of Health. Dental The number of convicts requiring dental care showed a definite increase and all were satisfied with treatment administered by the Dentist. Sanitation Sanitation has been satisfactory all year as in the past. Repairs, alterations and painting have been carried out. The wa,ter is good and grade "A" all year. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) convicts were admitted to Hospital for treatment of various aliments and none of a serious nature. (a) (b) PHYSICAL TRAINING Officers Training was carried out as follows: Manual of Arms (Army) Small Bore Range has been open to all officers who could be made available. Instruction was also given in gas machine gun, gas pistol and gas grenades. Convict Training Exercise consists of Free Standing Exercise, Volley Ball and Horseshoe Pitching. The following gangs take part in above: Canvas Department Kitchen Tinsmith Library Dome Tailor Department Cutting Shed Change Room ' Blacksmith Shoe Department Carpent,er Department Also any other gangs which might be employed indoors at irregular intervals. DIVERSION FOR CONVICTS Moving Pictures A 16 m.m. sound projector is now available, and film programmes have been shown once monthly during the winter months; same were well received by convict personnel. The only available place, other than the chapels, for holding entertainment, is the School Room, which is inadequate, consequently three showings are necessary to take care Of existing population. Radio entertainment has also been provided throughout the year. Selected convicts quartered in new Cell Block B7 (equipped with loud speaker in cell and individual control) are allowed to spend two hours each evening (Sundays excepted) in association in the range corridor where table games, such as chess, cards and checkers are played. This innovation has proved a success, and good discipline was maintained during these periods. A total of 116 convicts are quartered in this wing, divided equally and separately between adults and "Y" class.convicts.

65 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 63 CLASSIFICATION Classification Board, which has been in operation here for many years, continued actively during the year. Board officers were faithful in attendance. The appointment of a Classification Officer is welcomed, and no doubt this official will prove of great assistance to the Board. However, classification may only be continued, within our limits. WORK ASSIGNI1,MNT BOARD Work Assignment Board composed of Deputy Warden, Chief Trade Instructor, Plant Engineer, Classification Officer and Farm Instructor, assemble each week to interwiew and hear requests from convicts desiring change of employment. Previously to the formation of this Board, this task was done by the Warden, but the new arrangement has been found more advantageous, both to the convict and institution. Any doubtful cases are referred to the Warden for consideration. Classification Board, however, makes first allocation of employment of all convicts, and thereafter responsibility falls on the Work Assignment Board. REHABILITATION OF CONVICTS ON RELEASE This continues a difficult problem. However, through the cooperation of the National Employment Service (Moncton Branch), results have been fairly gratifying. Their representative has visited the institution regularly and interviewed all convicts desiring to discuss after-employment with him. The kind consideration shown this institution by the N.E.S. (Moncton) is very much appreciated and they have given excellent co-operation. The Salvation Army have also helped in some cases. Unfortunately a John Howard Society is not yet functioning in the Maritimes, and finding employment has fallen upon the N.E.S. and the Warden. It is pleasing to report that many employers of labour have been very considerate. During the winter, however, jobs have been very difficult to find. It is hoped that the Spring and Summer seasons will provide more opportunities for employment. Of course, some dischargees have been found Unsatisfactory, and others failed to report for work, but in the majority of cases released convicts have made good. DISCIPLINE Discipline has been fairly good generally."y" class convicts since accommodated in New Cell Block B7 have shown much improvement. Laxness in discipline during war years has not yet been overcome, but it is improving. - ESCAPES Two escapes (sneak-aways) were made during the year one from the piggery, and the other from employment around officers' tenements. Both were captured within a few hours.. R.Ç.M.P. assistance with dog "CLIFF" was indeed helpful and much appreciated. In conclusion may I express appreciation to the Commissioner and his staff for their kind co-operation; also to the Penitentiary staff for their loyal support during the year.

66 64 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE MANITOBA PENITENTIARY Mr. A. II. CAMPBELL, -Warden Total number of convicts on the penitentiary register at the close of prison on March 31, 1948 was 305. We received, during the year; 118 convicts and discharged 140, a decrease of 22 convicts. The total number includes three insane convicts maintained in asylums at our expense under section 61 of the Penitentiary Act, and two insane convicts in asyluins under section 58 of the Penitentiary Act. The daily average population for the year was 308. Hospital. :The surgeon reports that the general health of the convicts was satisfactory, with no outbreak of infectious or contagious diseases. There was a 5 per cent decrease in the number of patients treated in the hospital and the number of convict patients detained in the penitentiary hospital fell from 164 to 106, a decrease of 30 per cent. During the year a number of operations were. performed in the penitentiary hospital, which included six appendectomies and eleven minor operations for piles, varicose vein injections, etc. Two convicts died, one elderly man died of peritonitis; the other, an old man of 73, died in the Winnipeg General Hospital from cancer of the bowel. Wasserman tests are done on all new admissions; the number of syphilis cases treated was seven, as compared with twelve of the previous year, and the number of gonorrhoea cases treated was two, the same as the year before. Generally speaking, the health of the officers was good; the average - number of days lost owing to sickness was 11.6 as compared with of the previous year, a decrease of approximately five days. Moral and Spiritual -Welfare of Convicts. The Protestant Chaplain and the Roman Catholi Chaplain have been very attentive in the discharge of their duties and have capably continued looking after the spiritual welfare of the convicts. The regular services were held on Sunday mornings in both chapels throughout the year, with special services on Christmas Day and Good Friday. In the Protestant Chapel, the services on the first Sunday of each month is taken by the Salvation Army, under the direction of Brigadier Barclay. The Brigadier was often assisted by various soloists and instrumentalists. These services are greatly appreciated and convicts attending the services have been well behaved The Protestant and Roman Catholic Chaplains are members of the entertainment committee and select suitable radio programs for the convicts. BOth Chaplains continued during the year a weekly program of educational and entertainment nature for the young convicts; each Friday evening, from 6 to 8, the young convicts are permitted in association in the corridor for study and recreation. The first thirty minutes on educational film is shown by our Protestant Chaplain, who is a qualified projectionist. The rest of the period the activities of the group are directed to intelligence tests, questions on municipal, school and government organizations and affairs. Both Chaplains report that the young convicts co-operate and that the problem of discipline has never arisen at any time during the year. School and Library. Our school results have been very encouraging; practically all convicts attending school have made excellent progress. The schoolteacher reports that 29 -convicts were enrolled on March 31, 1948 and the average daily attendance was 13 for grades 1 to 8. Forty-five D.V.A. courses in various subjects have been diligently studied and marks given by the D.V.A. instructors are high and "excellent" in some cases. One convict is studying for Second Class Steam Engineering papers, which course -is supplied by the Technical Branch of the Department of Education. During the year, vocational and ediica-

67 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 65 tional films have been shown semi-weekly to groups of selected convicts. The films are obtained from the Department of National Defence and National Film Board, at no cost. During the year, 40,741 fiction and non-fiction books were issued from the penitentiary library to convicts, also 852 technical vocational books and 116 books on agriculture. Average number of books issued to convicts per month A total of 47,071 magazines were issued, average number per month per convict From the Chapel Library 434 books were issued and 2,557 religious periodicals. Farm. Farm operations for the year were fairly successful. The crop period began with flood conditions, resulting from abnormally late snowfalls, aggravated by Spring rains, and the seeding was delayed beyond the normal date. Despite the disappointment of low grain yields, our over-all financial return was bolstered by an excellent potato and hay tonnage harvested. Our total net farm production amounted to $39,496.16, as compared to $31, last year. During the early Fall we had rain3r weather and adverse weather conditions, which made it difficult to harvest all our grain crop in good condition. The following was grown on the farm this year: Alfalfa 35 tons Timothy and Alsike 35-1 " Sweet clover 10 " Brome Grass 40 " Brome and Alfalfa 104 " Oats 5,083 bus. Wheat 607 " Flax 40 " Barley 3,090 " Corn 120 tons Oat Sheaves 23 " Barley, Oats and Peas 1,480 " Potatoes 392,100 lbs. Beets 17,000 " Cabbage 6,500 " Sweet Corn 140 doz. Turnips 4,491 lbs. Our potato crop was above normal. We harvested 6,535 bushels from 38 acres: A surplus of three carloads was shipped to other penitentiaries; one carload to Kingston Penitentiary, one to Collin's Bay Penitentiar3r and the other to St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiary. Dairy Herd. Our herd of Holsteins are in splendid condition and we are well satisfied with the results obtained in milk production. We sold six bull calves and four heifer calves to holstein breeders in the district. Beef Cattle. Our beef cattle all wintered well and are in good condition. Hogs. Iu comparison with previous years, the net results of our operations in hog production proved very, disappointing owing to losses in weanling and growing pigs which was due to "rot gut". Another factor was the purchase of a boar which proved unsatisfactory as a breeder. During the year we sold to the Packing Companies 83 hogs valued at $3, We also sold seven young gilts to the Dominion Department of Agriculture Livestock Improvement Division, for distribution among the farmers in order ' to improve the bacon type of hog

68 66 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Chief Trade Instructor' s Department. The following projects were completed during the year: North half ground floor revision, New Administration Building, and also the south half ground floor revision New Administration Building. Sludge drier bed for sewage disposal. Relocation paint shop. Redecoration of houses Nos. 19 and 27. Ventilation of paint shop building. Good progress was made on the following projects: Construction of new dairy barn, which is now 87.2% complete. Construction milk house,,which is now 86% complete. - Dissociation cell block, 19% complete. Kitchen equipment re-arrangement, 40% complete. Visitors' cage, New Administration Building, 85% complete. Insulation of houses, 80% complete. Ventilation of blacksmith and machine shops, 90% complete. The following articles were manufactured in the Carpenter Shop for the Department of Agriculture: 59,000 wooden pot and plant labels, and 94 tables and wardrobes were repaired for the Department of Munitions and Supply. Canvas Working Department.During the year, 119,096 mail bags were repaired for the Post Office Department which produced a revenue of $22, Shoe Shop. During the year; 686 pairs of boots and shoes were manufactured in our shoe department for the Indian and Eskimo Residential Schools in the West. Engineer' s Department. In addition to the maintenance of steam, elearicity, water and plumbing services, the following work has been carried out in our Engineer's Department: New paint shop, plumbing, heating and lighting completed. New dairy barn, plumbing, heating completed. New milk house, heating 100%, plumbing 85%. Installation of new vacuum pump completed. Blacksxnith, heating and ventilation, heating 100%, Ventilation 80%. I have again to thank Brigadier Barclay of the Salvation Army, Winnipeg, for the interest he has taken to assist convicts on discharge. In conclusion, I wish to thank the officers of this institution who have loyally -supported me during the year, also the Commissioner and his staff.for the courteous treatment and assistance given me at all times. BRITISH COLUMBIA PENITENTIARY Mr. R. S. DOUGLASS, Warden Our population showed an increase of 44 during the last fiscal year. The total register as at March 31, 1948 was 460, of whom 448 were actually confined in the penitentiary. The remaining 12 included 9 in the Provincial Mental Hospital, 2 on temporary Ticket-of-Leave, while undergoing treatment for T.B. in outside hospital, and one on temporary release under penitentiary escort for outside hospital treatment.

69 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 67 Male receptions for the year totalled 216 among -whom were 45 Doukhobors sentenced to from five to twelve years for arson and riotous and tumultuous destruction of property in the Kootenay area of this province. Females taken on strength and later transferred to the Women's Prison at Kingston Penitentiary totalled fifteen of whom eleven were Doukhobors sentenced to terms of from three to eight years for the same offences as were the male Doukhob ors. Male convicts discharged by expiration of sentence, ticket-of-leave and.other reasons totalled 172. The first convict sentenced in Canada under the Habitual Criminal Act was received at this penitentiary. - Health and Medical Services. The general health of the convicts was good during the year with only one death occurring from heart disease. Incidence of venereal disease among the prison population was approximately 5%, all of -which are receiving treatment. The total number of treatments was 420. There was a mild epidemic of influenza during February, 1948, but all who were ill from it recovered without complications. Forty-five patients were admitted to the prison, hospital during the year of which seven were admitted to outside hospitals for special treatment or operation. Four patients were committed to the Provincial Mental Hospital at Essondale for treatment. Two hundred and forty-one convicts received dental treatment and 106 cases required attention by the Oculist. About 60 convicts received medication and prescribed medicine daily, in the mornino. and evening, from the Hospital Officers. The total number of such treatments for e' the year would be approximately 44,000. Religions Services and Moral Welfare. Father Patrick O'Sullivan, who assumed duty here on March 22nd, 1948 as Roman Catholic Chaplain, reports a total of slightly more than one hundred convicts registered as Roman Catholics as at March 31, Of these it is estimated that about 50% have so far complied with the Easter precept. Ten convicts are under instruction in preparation for the reception of Confirmation and another eight are receiving more intensive instruction in the matters of their belief. Choir practices are held each Thursday afternoon. Systematic interviews of Roman Catholic convicts take place daily. During the past year there have been an estimated 2,548 interviews made by the Chaplain. The Catholic library facilities are available to the convicts and distribution of literature is made each Saturday afternoon. The Reverend B. H. Wallace, Protestant Chaplain, reports that during the year he has systematically visited all the shops and the Farm to obtain a clearer view of what is being done, to show an interest in the skills and crafts being taught and to make himself more familiar with the men employed. Daily visits to the hospital were also made and suitable books and other literature distributed. Monthly visits to the Mental Hospital were made to keep in touch with the men there. Periodic visits were made to other hospitals -where men were being treated. On request, he occasionally visited in the evenings in the homes of a number of the men and feels that this personal touch has been of help, especially to the young convicts. In addition to the regular Sunday services which were well maintained, the Bible Class and choir were also carried on. These provide the prisoners with a means of self-expression. The question and answer method in the Bible Class has been stimulating. Soi-ne of the choir members have written organ music which has been played at the Sunday services. Last fall a Christian Instruction Class was started which met on Sunday afternoons until Easter. This proved to be a worth while experiment. Twenty-five members were enrolled. The main doctrines of the Church were outlined and their relation to everyday living explained. Several of the men have spoken of the value they received from this ;1

70 68 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE course. The films "The God of Creation" and "The God of the Atom" shown through the courtesy of Mr. Fraser McRae, were also highly beneficial and much appreciated by the men. Two special missions were conducted during the year. The first, after Easter last year, was by the Reverend Burton Thomas of Holy Trinity Cathedral, New Westminster, and was a distinct success. Mr. Thomas' dynamic personality and oratorical powers gave a fine lift to Christian idealism among the men. The R,everend A. C. Hemill of Olivet Baptist Church, New Westminster, has just completed the other mission. His work Was of highest value. Two communion services were held at the close of these missions, with an average attendance of 35 receiving Communion. The religious library and magazines have been well used. Daily personal interviews have been held during the year, averaging about four interviews per day. This is perhaps the most important part of the Chaplain's Departmental work. The opportunities and challenges of this service cannot be too deeply stressed. Sad and tragic stories are revealed when men feel that they can trust the Chaplain implicitly. Each one is guided to rebuild his broken life.on a sure foundation and helped towards reformation of character. Fine musical entertainment was provided throughout the year by church choirs from the Olivet Baptist Church and the Queen's Avenue United Church, both of New Westminster, the Vancouver Choristers of the Salvation Army, the. New Westminster Men's vocal club, the New Veteran's Band of Vancouver, the Canadian Legion Band and the Salvation Army Band. Major A. W. Martin and his staff of the Salv.ation Army were of great assistance with their regular visits to conduct services on one Sunday morning every; month. Thanks are also due to the Gideons for their giftd fifteen Russian Bibles and their quarterly religious services. The Chaplain pays tribute to the organist, Mr. R. E. Mackness, for his faithful work and willingness to help in every way. Young convicts. Fifty young convicts were on register as at March 31, Approximately 90% of these youhg men were employed in departments where an opportunity was afforded to learn such trades as blacksmithing, tinsmithing, steam engineering, electrical, motor mechanics, farming and animal husbandry, plastering, shoe making and repairing, carpentry and cabinet making tailoring, cooking and baking and machine shop practice. Throughout the year the association of young convicts out of their cells after the close of prison was continued. Officers selected for their tact and interest in handling young offenders supervised the wholesome activities and games conducted. Visits to the group and lectures by the Chaplains, the Classification Officer and senior officials of the institution added to the value of this program. A letter I received from one of the young convicts shortly after Christmas indicates the general reaction to this program of association and recreation: "I am writing this letter to you on behalf of all the young convicts to express our thanks to you for everything you have done for us in the past year. We appreciate very much the variety of shows picked out for us and also the nice concerts we get. We would also like to tha,nk you for the privilege of being able to get out in the evenings and for the various amusements at Our disposal. We certainly couldn't ask for better officers to be with us in the evenings and give us any advice we need. For those who have spent their first' Christmas here and for those of us who have spent former Christmases here we would like to thank you for the very fine Christmas that you have made possible for us."

71 REPORT OF THE SUPEIUNTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 69 School, Library and Vocational Training Facilities.The school programme for the year included regular classes for those who had not attained a Grade 8 standing, and correspondence courses for high school, vocational and technical students who studied in their spare time. Most of the students showed considerable improvement. There was an increasing demand for "Social Studies" and "General Science". With the exception of a very few, all marks for -vocational and high school courses exceeded 90%. The introduction of D.V.A. courses made little difference to this institution because of the excellent co-operation we are receiving from the Provincial Department of Education. A programme of lectures arranged with the Extension Department of the University of British Columbia was held through the winter months and proved very instructive and helpful. Classes were given in mineralogy and arrangements made for students to write tests to qualify for the Government grub-stake when they are released. The increased appropriation for the library resulted in more books of the better type being placed on the shelves and many favourable comments were received from the inmates. There is a total of 258 magazine subscriptions in force in the penitentiary at the present time. The distribution of religious books has now been taken over by the Chaplains. The reference section of the library has been functioning well. There was a total distribution of books and magazines for the year of 166,082 which included fiction, non-fiction, reference books and magazines. The programme of vocational training films was continued this year, a total of 93 films being shown. They dealt with farming, carpenter work, building construction, logging, painting, and machine shop practices, automotive mechanics, heating and lighting, water 'supply and service refrigeration, electricity, blacksmithing and welding, shoe making and repairing, cooking and meal preparation, textile manufacture, dyeing and the manufacture of clothing. These films were secured from the Natiofial Filin Society, through the Extension Division of the University of British Columbia, Headquarters 'Western Command Canadian Army, Edmonton, Alta,. the Workmen's Compensation Board, Vancouver, and the United Shoe Machinery Company. All the filins received were both interesting and instructive and well appreciated. One of oui' Assistant Engineers attended a course dealing with prevention of accidents sponsored by the Compensation Board in Vancouver and covered 'every phase of Industrial Accident Prevention. The Instructor Motor Mechanic attended a three day course given by Chrysler Motors Limited in Vancouver where they demonstrated mechanical improvements in modern cars and trucks. The instructor also attended ten lectures given on the King Motor Analyzer. This piece of equipment has been recently added to oui' garage. An instructor was secured from General Motors Limited who gave lectures and demonstrations to forty-two selected convicts for two days. Satisfactor3r interest was shown in these lectures. Chief Trade Instructor' s Department. Throughout the year departments under the supervision of the Chief Trade Instructor were engaged in a wide variety of manufacturing, construction and maintenance projects.

72 70 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE The following authorized construction projects were completed: Pre-fabricated storage shed.. Vegetable room heating. Piggery toilet facilities. Root house insulation. Rede,coration of kitchen. Additions (2 sections), to Poultry House. Redecoration of Deputy Warden s residence. Redecoration of Cell Block B-7. Roof repairs to East Wing, North Wing, Boiler House and Administration Building. Extension to Farm Shed. Redecoration of tenement H-2. Lighting of machine and carpenter shops. Hoffman press installation in tailor shop. Biirring and flanging machine installation in blacksmith shop. New bake ovens installed in kitchen. Redecoration of garage. Brooder house. School room partition. Sow shelters (6) for farm. Enlargement of censor's office. The following authorized construction projects were started: School room fluorescent lighting. Kitchen showers. - Enlargement of kitchen dishwashing room. Relocation of chief keeper's office. Relocation of shoe shop. :Manufacturing operations in the various shops included the following: There were 164 articles of sheetmetal ware made in the tin shop and 66 articles of cooks clothing made in the tailor shop for the Department of Transport. The tinsmith shop repaired and the paint shop repainted 263 mail boxes for the Post Office Department. During the year there were 70 articles of furniture repaired and refinished and 450 coat hangers made in the Carpenter Shop for the Department of Veterans Affairs, Vancouver. For that department there were 8 fireside sets, including andirons and screens, and one medical service stand made in the blacksmith shop and the garage overhauled nine passenger car à and two ambulances and repainted them. For the Department of Mines and Resources (Indian and Eskimo Residential Schools Commission) there were 499 pairs of boots and shoes made in the shoe shop. For Penitentiary Services the Tailor Shop made 2,540 uniform shirts and the Blacksmith Shop wove 200 lineal feet of wire mesh during thé year. For the Department of National Defence there were 261 signs made and painted; 279 parts bins made and painted; 475 bin shelves made extra; 25 pieces of lawn furniture made and painted; 12 pieces of furniture. repaired all in the Carpenter Shop. In the Blacksmith Shop 920 lineal feet of. wire mesh were woven, 91 beds repaired, 1 ash stand made and 7 store dollies manufactured for this Department. For the National Harbours Board in Vancouver, 8 pairs of men's boots were made in the Shoe Shop. In addition to the manufactures mentioned, all departments and shops were kept well employed carrying out general maintenance of buildings, roads, sewers and general furnishings, also manufacture and repair of officers' and convicts' clothing and cell furnishings. The gasboat employed on the Fraser River, was busy salvaging logs for fuel and two' gangs were kept employed, one at the wharf, averaging six men, taking logs from the river boom and loading. A gang averaging fifteen men worked in the yard cutting, splitting and piling the wood for use in the boilers and cake ovens. During the year there were 586 cords of wood salvaged at a value of $2,344.

73 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 71 Plant Engineer's Department. Under the direction- of the Plant Engineer all service lines were maintained in good condition and repairs made when required. Lighting, plumbing, heating and steam lines were inspected regularly and ducts cleaned out when necessary. The following machine and service installations were completed during the year: Piggery toilets.. Vegetable room heating. Hoffman press installation in tailor shop. Machine and carpenter shops fluorescent lighting. Burring and flanging machine in blacksmith shop. Water connection at the piggery. Poultry house lighting. Main sewer repairs. Electrical connections in brooder house. During the year this department has carried on the programme of vocational training in steam engineering referred to in my la,st annual report. The practical side of these studies has been supplemented by vocational and high school correspondence courses. In November, 1947, a new class was formed and registered for steam engineering with the Provincial Department of Education, each student being transferred to the boiler room for practical instruction and to obtain "firing time" preparatory to writing the examination for a Fourth Class Certificate. It is very gratifying to report that six students who had completed the earlier course in Steam Engineering wrote the Provincial Government examination for a Fourth Class Certificate during October, 1947, and all six were successful. The Boiler Inspector, who supervised the examination, stated that the knoivledge of the candidates from this institution was exceptionally high in comparison with that of the average candidates throughout the province. During the short time that we have had vocational training in the Engineer's Department here the results have been most encouraging and satisfactory. A total of nine certificates for Fourth Class Stationary Engineer have been acquired by convict trainees (3 in and 6 in ). We have received letters from some of the men wlio obtained engineering certificates telling of their successful establishment as engineers at a substantial wage and expressing deep appreciation for the opportunities afforded here for them to learn such a worthwhile ti'ade. Farming Operations.. The penitentiary farm had another successful year, the main portion of the produce being used by the steward's department for consumption within the penitentiary. The total value of produce which came from the farm for the year approximated $20, Surplus produce sold to officers totalled $ Foodstuffs supplied the steward's department totalled almost $13, consisting of nearly 50,000 pounds of pork as well as eggs, honey, fruits and vegetables. The purchase of a new tractor in June, 1947 made it possible to mechanize all the major work in our farm operations with a resulting increase in efficiency and a substantial saving in purchased feed costs for horses since the limited acreage we have made it impossible to grow sufficient fodder. In October, 1947, we sold two of our horses, leaving only one here for such work as could not be done conveniently by tractor.

74 72 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Stores Department. The following are the statistics covering the work of the Stores Department during the fiscal year :. Value of invoices certified $171, Received from other departments Received without repayment 1, Freight in and out - 2, Total receipts $176, Total issues 166, Total turnover $342, Number of invoices handled during year 1, 820 Delivery Notes issued during year 545 Inventory $ 36, The Kardex Visible Store System will enable a more thorough control of " àll stores when installation is completed in the near future. Classification Program and Rehabilitation. The regular monthly meetings of the Classification Board were held in accordance with penitentiary regulations. The appointment of,a Classification Officer for this institution in Aulgust, 1947 has been of assistance to the Board. Social histories compiled by thià officer are serving as a useful gauge of the individual convict's assets and liabilities and as a guide in making plans for and with him in tune with his interests and as far as institutional limitations permit. Close follow-up work is given in individual cases, especially among the young convicts, as members of the Classification Board and Instructors 'furnish regular progress reports. The Classification Officer has established contacts with and enlisted the support of welfare and other, agencies who have co-operated fully in the program of rehabilitation. The list of such agencies which follows is in alphabetical order *rather than.in order of merit:, The Catholic Agencies, Vancouver, B.C. The Child Welfare Department, B.C. The Children's Aid Society, Vancouver, B.C. The Children's Aid Society and Family' Welfare Bureau,. Victoria, B.C. The City Social Service, Vancouver, B.C. r. The Department of Vetefans Affairs, Vancouver, B.C. The Emergency Farm Labour Service, New Westminster, B.C. The Greek Community, President of, Vancouver and New Westminster. The Jewish Family Welfare Bureau, Vancouver, B.C. The John Howard Society, Vancouver, B.C. The John Howard Society, Victoria, B.C. The Old Age Pension Branch, Vancouver, B.C. The Provincial Industrial School for Boys, Port Coquitlam, B.C. The Provincial Probation Department, Abbotsford and Vancouver, B.C. - The Salvation Army, Vancouver, B.C. The.Salvation Army, New Westminster, B.C. The School Board, Burean of Meagurements, Vancouver, B.C. The School Bàard, Burnaby, B.C. The School Board, New Westminster, B.C. The School Board, North Vancouver The School Board, West Vancouver, ' B.C. B.C. The Social Service Index, Vancouver, B.C. The Classification Officer has conducted from August; 1947 to March n , 414 interviews with convicts: 130 with newcomers; 117 with convicts about to be released on termination of sentence; 63 with convicts considering:application for ticket-of-leave; and 104 with convicts having problems of varying description...

75 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 73 Visits by TVelfare Agencies. I wish to record again the help in the after-care of convicts that has been so generously afforded this administration by the Reverend J. D. Hobden of the John Howard Society in Vancouver, the Reverend Father A. F. Carlyle of St. Vincent's Home and Shelter, Vancouver, and Major A. W. Martin of the Salvation Army, Vancouver. Steward's Department. There were 34 convicts employed on an average in the main kitchen. Cleanliness is stressed and maintained at all times. Convicts for the various jobs are promoted according to their capabilities. All are instructed in the various phases of their work and every effort is made to train those who show an interest in kitchen work. The major equipment for this Department has been improved considerably by the purchase of a bread machine; bue heavy duty Triumph mixer and a new 400 loaf oven installed. A new one-fire range has been installed in the basement for the use of the Doukhobors in preparing their special diet and this is in use constantly. An average of seven convicts were employed daily in the Officers' Mess. The policy is to have the most reliable and efficient convicts placed in this section. The general appearance of the mess is good. Floors and tables are scrubbed daily. Table cloths are changed weekly and silver is kept clean. The meals and cleanliness are satisfactory. Visits. On June 24, 1947, we were privileged to have the Reverend Peter IVIorrison visit this penitentiary. Reverend Morrison was, for many years, visiting Roman Catholic Chaplain at the Barlinnie Prison in Glasgow, Scotland, and was later appointed to the Scottish Central After-Care Council. His visit to Canada and our penal institutions was under the sanction of the Home Secretary for Scotland. Reverend Morrison was afforded every opportunity for a thorough inspection of this institution and his impressions of it are given in the following quotation from his letter of July 9, 1947: "I cannot comment too highly upon the various shops that I visited in the prison and I certainly cannot recommend too highly upon the skill and the knowledge of the officers in charge of each department. The entire outfit seemed to me to be the most up-to-date that I have ever known and I have seen various institutions of many kinds. I visited the Joinery, Metal Workers, Tailoring Shops; the Garage, the Washhouse, the Engineering Shop and the Tool making shop. I also visited the farm, including the piggery and the various fields under crop, and I can sincerely assert that I have never seen such good work being done in such a wonderful way, with discipline the first word and the last. The cleanliness of the entire prison was wonderful and the brightness of the halls left nothing to be desired. It was a joy tome to see that the old sad looking idea of a jail had completely gone and in its place there had come brightness that would add to a brightness of mind among the inmates. The cells in which the prisoners were lodged were good and a good deal better than our cells at home in many respects When I compare that lunch that I saw that day, I could only commiserate with the stodgy and unchangeable diet that the Scottish Prisons give to their men." Other authorized visitors during the year to inspect our facilities were Deputy Commissioner of Provincial Police Roger Peachey and Warden John Millman of Oakalla, Prison Farm. On October 27, 1947, we were pleased to receive our. first -visit from the Deputy Commissioner of Penitentiaries, Mr. Joseph McCulley. Other visits from Headquarters Officials were those of the Supervisor of Farms, Mr. C. C. Coutts, and the Supervisor of Stewards, Mr. R. Burton

76 74 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Training of Officers. All new officers coming on the staff during the year have received the approved ten days' training which acquaints them With their basic duties on all posts. At the same time this training gives them a soun.d understanding of the policies of the institution and the functions of each department. During the Fall and early Winter months weeldy lectures on various phases of prison administration and duties were given to the staff. This programme was suspended with the inauguration of the Penitentiary Officers' Training Course at Rocheliffe, Ontario, in January, A representative group of three officers from this institution a keeper, an instructor and a guard (grade 2) attended the first course at Rockcliffe. I was pleased to note that all those attending from the seven penitentiaries rated either "good" or better in the final assessment on the course. May I express my appreciation to you, to the Deputy Cominissioners, to the Assistant Commissioners and to your other associates in the Executive and Engineering Divisions for the guidance given throughout the year. It has been a year that has marked the addition of many more progressive features to this Service and the promulgation of policies which are stinaulating and encouraging for the future development of our institutional programmes. SASKATCHEWAN PENITENTIARY Mr. J. W. EVERATT, 1Varden At the close of prison March 31, 1948, the population as per register was 371. Of this number 359 were actually in the penitentiary, 12 being confined. in.mental Hospitals in Saskatchewan and other inovinces. Admissions during the year from the Courts of Saskatchewan and Alberta were 146 and 2 were received on transfer from Manitoba Penitentiary. During the same period 145 convicts were released, 108 released by expiration of sentence, by death, 26 were released on licence under the Ticket of Leave Act, 1 by 3 pardon, 3 released for deportation on expiration of sentence, 3 female convicts transferred to Kingston Penitentiary, and 1 convict by remission of sentence by the Military Authorities. Medical and Health Services. Report of the Penitentiary Physician shows the general health of the convict population has been good during the 'year, with no outbreaks of infectious or contagious diseases. There were, during the year, 1,053,conViCts on sick parades. In ihe majority of cases; thé complaints were of a minor nature. Five major and 10 minor operations were successfully performed during the year. À.11 convicts having venereal disease received necessary treatment. During the Year there were three deaths in the convict population. One died from disseminated sclerosis, 1 from methyl alcohol poisoning as a result of drinking antifreeze, and 1 from tuberculous meningitis. Dr. Andrews, eye, ear, nose and throat specialist of Prince Albert, continued his visits to the institution when required and was most co-operative. During' the twelve month period, Dr. Andrews examined 175 convicts. Dr. G. E. Holmes was the attending dentist throughout the year and furnished treatment. te 218 convicts.. The Penitentiary Physician reports the water supply and disposal of sewage very seisfactory.

77 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 75 Steward's Department. Throughout the year the Steward has maintained the original high standard of meals. Several slight innovations have been made in this department. Personal hygiene on the part of convicts has been encouraged and to this end, nail brushes have been provided for the cleansing of hands..white chefs' hats have been provided for the men actually wot king with the food. Inspections showed the kitchen and storerooms to be entirely free from insects and mice. The use of insecticides has proven very satisfactory. Several convicts have received training as butchers, bakers and in ordinary cooking proceddre. Classification Board. The Classification Board held regular meetings during the year to consider convicts received, also to reconsider convicts who had ben in the institution for a six months' period. In addition to the regular meetings, special meetings were called on occasion to discuss certain individual convicts. With the appointment of a Classification Officer on April 1, 1947, it was possible to have more detailed information available at board meetings. As the Classification Officer is trained in psychology the opinion of this officer on certain difficult cases proved very valuable. The practice of having the Classification Board, as a whole, consider all convicts for extramural employment was continued, and experience has shown that this is a very desirable procedure. Contacts are made personally and by mail with various Governmental Departments and Social A.gencies with a view to obtaining information and preparing case histories on convicts received. Information of this nature received lias assisted in the deliberations of the Board and this procedure will be developed further in the future. Young Convict Group. During the year the practice inaugurated during the previous year of making available to members of this group every possible trade was continued and with the concurrence of the Classification Board, a number of young convicts were employed in certain of the trade departments in association with adults, but remaining with their own group for cell accommodation. Work in the book-binding department continues very satisfactory and a number of these young men availed themselves of the opportunity to gain a thorough knowledge of the book-binding and printing trades. Others were employed in the painting department given over to the young convict group and have shown very good progress. This group under the supervision of the instructor painter have been employed in various parts of the institution in a redecoration program with excellent results. Chaplain Services. The Roman Catholic and Protestant Chaplains have been most attentive and faithful in their work throughout the year. During. the period November 30 to December 8, 1947, missions were conducted simultaneously in both chapels, Reverend Father Joseph Michael, being the attending missioner for the Roman Caholic Congregation, while the Reverend R. Manwaring, Rector of St. James Church and Lecturer a,t Emmanuel College in Saskatoon was the special speaker for the Protestant congregation. In order to add interest to the Protestant mission, a Minister from the various Protestant denominations in the city was present at each of the Protestant mission services. Attendance at the mission services was purely -voluntary and the number of convicts availing themselves of this opportunity was very gratifying. Choir practices were held each week and interest in this phase of the service was maintained throughout the year

78 76 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE It is with regret that I report there is now no Rabbi of the Jewish faith in Prince Albert. Arrangements were made, however, with Rabbi Gottwold of Saskatoon for the observance of the Jewish Festivals. The accredited representative of the Salvation Army visited at the penitentiary during the year and services additional to those of the Chaplain were conducted by the Salvation Army. Motion Pictures. During the year seven entertainment films were shown to the convict population. With the kind permission of the Protestant Chaplain these films were shown in the Protestant Chapel as there is no other suitable place in the Penitentiary for such showings. During the same period the safety film "Accidents Don't Happen, They Are Caused" was shown to members of the staff. Films on riveting were also shown to convicts employed in the machinist trades. It is regretted that difficulties were experienced in obtaining trade films showing actual shop practice in a number of.the trades. The space formerly occupied by the bake shop in the Administration Building was prepared as a projection room for small groups of convicts, but with the commencement of work on alterations to the Administration Building, this space is now no longer available. Construction and Maintenance. The New West Wing Shops were completed and the machine and blacksmith departments are now in the new quarters. New bonded roofs were laid on the Administration Building and North Wing, East Wing Cell Block and Hospital Building. Roofs on the Warden.'s and Deputy Warden's residences were painted. Interior decorating of cell blocks was commenced in South Wing Cell Block in white and green colours which has proven to have a very pleasing effect. Three outside hog shelters were built during the year. The installation of drop cords and reflectors in all cells was completed during the year and fluorescent lighting was installed in the Warden's office, Senior Clerk's office, Stores and Deputy Warden's office. As soon as material and plans were available, alterations to the North Wing were commenced, and alterations in the Senior Clerk's. office were completed. Work was commenced on the sewers and ducts for thé proposed dairy barn and general maintenance on both exterior and interior of buildings was carried out throughout the year. However due to the practice of economy and lack of materials during the years of war, a large portion of this programme is yet to be completed. During' the year several orders were received from the R.C.M. Police for prison -clothing for use in their lock-ups. Several thousand plant tags and wooden labels were manufactured for the Department of Agriculture and a quantity of furniture was manufactured for the Women's Provincial Jail, Prince Albert. The repair of shoes for the Indian Affairs Department was carried on duririg the year. Canoe paddles, garbage can covers and wooden signs were manufactured for the P,rince Albert National Park. One hundred canvas lunch bags were manufactured for the Department of Natural Resources, Province of Saskatchewan.

79 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 77 Farming Operations. The summer months of 1947 were very discouraging to agriculture. During June and July when moisture was badly needed there was absolutely no rainfall with the result that the coarse grains were a very light yield. The pastures were badly burned and there was very little feed. However, in the latter part of August there were heavy rainfalls which resulted in the pastures being restored to a great extent and green feed was available to supplement the small hay crop, otherwise it would have been necessary to purchase hay. There was a definite shortage of straw and it was necessary to buy three stacks for use as bedding and for other purposes. Despite unfavourable weather conditions, a quantity of alfalfa was threshed with such excellent results it was possible to ship 1,890 pounds of the alfalfa seed to other penitentiaries, still leaving a considerable surplus on hand at this institution. The prison gardens were almost a total failure as a result of lack of moisture. The rains in August however did help the potatoes but while they grew rapidly, a great many of them were hollow centered. Some potatoes were available for shipment to other penitentiaries but it was necessary to purchase carrots for prison use. In anticipation of the 1947 crop some surplus grain from the preceding year was shipped to Collin's Bay and St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiaries but with the crop failure it was necessary to purchase grain for prison use. With the acquisition of more mechanized equipment on the prison farm, the use of horses is decreasing. The twenty brood sows received from Manitoba Penitentiary during the preceding year have thrived and litters generally have been large in number and of an excellent type. The use of hemmœthagic septicemia serum has been continued with all hogs affected by rhinitis and as a result good returns have been received on all hogs sold to packing firms. The feeder stock purchased to supply beef to the institution have thrived generally, but it was necessary during the Fall of 1947 to start killing beef animals before they w'rere fully developed because of the lack of feed due to climatic conditions. During the year there was a low mortality in the poultry flock. A high standard of production was maintained during the year. Welfare Organizations. Steps were taken during the year towards the formation of a John Howard Society with branches in the main cities of Saskatchewan and Alberta, and it is hoped this organization will be functioning early in the new year and in a position to furnish assistance to men being returned to society. The Salvation Army has rendered assistance in such cases and Mr. T. J. E. Conroy, Manager of the National Employment Service Office in Prince Albert, rendered very valuable assistance. Mr. Conroy took a personal interest in a great many of the men being released and visited the penitentiary for the purpose of personal interview in such cases.

80 78 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE The Classification Officer was able to make valuable contacts for men wishing assistance in obtaining employment, and in this -work was assisted whenever possible by the Chaplains. Every encouragement was given to men being released from the institution to avail themselves of the opportunities afforded to go direct from the penitentiary to waiting employment. School. The schoolteacher reports the conduct of the prisoners very good and the interest of schdolwork maintained throughout the year. At the end of the year there were twelve illiterates in the institution, three being too old to learn, four being unteachable and five in Grade 1 commencing their education. The average daily attendance of adult convicts at the daily -classes was 10.3% the average daily attendance of young convicts at daily classés was %. Thirty-two convicts took advantage of the Saskatchewan Government, correspondance courses in Grades 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Thirty-one veterans and thirty-one non-veterans took advantage of the D.V.A. courses which were made available. Two convicts continued with University Courses and made good progress. During the year the Schoolroom was made more attractive by the Installation of bulletin boards, pictures, etc., and a programme for the redecoration of. this building will be followed through. In concluding ray report it is my desire to express to the Commissioner of Penitentiaries, the Deputy Commissioners and Assistant Conimissioners my sincere appreciation of the courtesies and assistance received during thé year. I also wish to express my thanks to all members of the staff of Saskatchewan Penitentiary for their co-operation throughout the year. COLLIN'S BAY PENITENTIARY Colonel W. H. CRAIG, Warden The number of convicts on register as of March 31st, 1948 was 291; two convicts were granted temporary tickets-of-leave to undergo outside medical treatment and 289 convicts were confined in the penitentiary. ReleaseS during the year totalled 145 which included eleven transferred to other penitentiaries, ninety-nine discharged by expiry of sentence,' thirty-two by ticket-of-leave, and three by pardon. Hospital. The general health of the convict population throughout the year was good. The physician reports that 167 cases of convict illness of minor nature required hospitalization for a total of 1,331 days. Six convicts requiring surgical treatinent and one.convict mentally ill were transferred to Kingston Penitentiary Hespital. One convict was transferred to a T.B. Sanatorium under temporary ticket-of-leave Minor surgical operations performed totalled 26. There were no major surgical operations performed. 'Officers were absent due to sickness or accident in 220 cases for a total of 885 working days. The physician reports that periodic examination shows the food to be of good quality and the amount served at mealê to be of ample quantity. The facilities of the Ontario Department of Health's Travelling Chest Clinic were again provided and greatly appreciated. As a result one active convict case was detected and transferred to a Sanatorium for treatment.

81 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 79 Spiritual and Moral Welfare. Regular and special services were held in the Protestant and Roman Catholic Chapels during the year on all Sundays and Holy days. The utmost reverence and good order prevailed at all services and is highly commended in the reports from both Chaplains. Appreciation is expressed to the Reverend Fathers from the staff of Regiopolis College for their assistance in the Roman Catholic Chapel at the Lenten Services and in the hearing of confessions at the Christmas season. Under the capable direction of the organist, Mr. H. Birchall, choir practice has been held weekly in both Chapels; the choral assistance rendered by the choirs at services in both chapels has been of a higher standard than might be expected. The Protestant Chaplain, Rev. Cecil Winter, and the Roman Catholic Chaplain, Rev. Father Boyle, have faithfully and diligently ministered to the convicts in their respective Chapels. Their services have been most helpful and beneficial in all matters pertaining to their ministrations. The Chaplains' services have been especially valuable on the Classification Board. The Salvation Army have conducted services with voluntary attendance on the last Sunday of each month. Major Waters of the Salvation Army has rendered assistance of a helpful nature to those convicts who have requested interviews with him on family and personal matters. Services for those of the Jewish faith were held monthly by Rabbi Kellerman. New oak pews were installed in the Protestant Chapel. which have improved the appearance and added dignity to the interior. In his report the Roman Catholic Chaplain suggests that consideration be given to raising the Chaplaincies to full time positions owing to the increase in duties,of the Chaplains. School and Library. The average attendance of convict pupils at school during the year was At the end of the year 77 convict students were attending school; 22 were taking High School subjects, 42 in public school grades and 13 in a study group. Fifteen convicts passed the High School Entrance examination in June, eleven with honours. Rev. Mr. Winter kindly acted as superviser at these examinations. Thirteen students passed in High School subjects for which they tried examinations in June. School teacher Orser reports.that "the introduction of correspondence courses is the most important advancement in penitentiary education since the establishment of the school". Correspondence courses in progress on 31st March 1948 totalled 90, of which 70 were courses supplied by the Department of Veterans Affairs, the remainder were 8 from Qiieen's University, 7 Ontario Department of Education, 3 Instructional Correspondence, and two from other sources. Fortythree correspondence courses were completed during the year. Educational films for class-room instruction were introduced in March. It is planned to extend film instruction considerably next year. Through the kind co-operation of Mr. H. K. Hutton, Director of Extension, Queens University, several speakers were obtained to deliver lectures to groups of convicts on educational subjects. These lectures were a decided success and the program of subjects will be enlarged in the coming year. The circulation of books and magazines during the year totalled 38,715 and 31,258 respectively with an average per convict of magazines, fiction books, and non-fiction books. The number of books rebound and repaired totalled 1,250. The penitentiary subscribed for 55 English, French and Technical magazines and periodicals. Private subscriptions of magazines by convicts totalled 66.

82 80 DEPART1VIENT OF JUSTICE Classification of Convicts. The Classification Board held meetings regularly during the year classifying all convicts on admittance and reclassifying after six months' confinement. Special screening of younger convicts was done in December to select those suitable for vocational training. Effective January 12, 1948, Mr. C. A. M. Edwards was appointed Classification Officer of the penitentiary. Since his appointment Mr. Edwards has taken up his dnties satisfactorily and has displayed much interest with correspondingly good results. On Mr. Edwards' initiative, reorganization of the Classification Board in line with more modern penal methods has been implemented.. Meetings of the Board are held more frequently; new forms of a more comprehensive and informative nature have been introduced. A system of co-operation between the Classification Departments of Kingston Penitentiary and of this penitentiary has been worked out with beneficial results. - The 'Classification Officer works closely with representatives of the D.V.A., the John Howard Society and the Salvation Army in matters having to do with rehabilitation. The development of the classification program in effect now will enable each case to be followed from admittance to release, keeping in mind the objective of adequately preparing the individual for return to the community. Rehabilitation and after-care of Convicts. Although the task of re-establishing the individual in the community is the central purpose of the whole institutional program, outside organized aid after release is essential in the large majority of cases. Such assistance in the rehabilitation of ex-prisoners has been effectually rendered by the John Howard Society of Ontario and the Salvation Army. During the year the representative of the John Howard Society,visited the penitentiary on fourteen occasions and interviewed a total of eighty convicts shortly before their release offering assistance to obtain employment and giving advice tending towards their re-establishment. The efforts of Mr. B. W. Henheffer of the John Howard Society in this regard are commendable and his co-operation is appreciated. Major Waters of the Salvation Army interviewed 33 convicts during the year. His assistance and advice were undoubtedly beneficial to the convicts concerned. Both of the welfare organizations worked closely with the Classification Officer and his department. Vocational Training. Vocational training classes were commenced 'on 8th December Suitable trainees for vocational instruction were selected after careful consideration by the Vocational Training Committee and the Classification Board. Four classes were organized for instruction in planned courses in the trades of carpentry, tinsmith and sheet metal work, brick masonry and draughting. In February a class was commenced in plumbing and steamfitting. The necessary equipment for vocational training was purchased from the - War Assets Corporation and had previously been in use in provincial and federal training institutions... A qualified trade instructor with vocational teaching ability is employed for each class. The position of Chief Vocational Officer was filled by the appointment of Mr. R. J. Thompson effective 8th December, 1948 and his services have proven very satisfactory. The progress of the five vocational classes during the period ending March 31 has been very good; the trainees have displayed interest and have earned creditable ratings each month. Presentation of films showing work in the trades has been of material assistance.

83 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 81 Much credit is due Plant Engineer F. H. Saunders for the successful organization and satisfactory progress of the vocational training program. His assistance in obtaining the equipment for vocational training has been invaluable and his services as chairman of the Vocational Training Committee have been especially useful and greatly appreciated. The co-operation of School teacher Orser in arranging for instruction of trainees in related subjects has been especially helpful and is commended. Discipline. Good order and discipline generally prevailed in the convict population during the year. One convict confined in the dormitory escaped through a window and scaling the boundary wall presently under construction, made his way to a main highway. He was apprehended the following day approximately twenty miles from the reserve and was returned to the penitentiary. Diversion and Recreation for Convicts. Amelioration of confinement was provided by the diversion period during which the convict population is unlocked for a two-hour period on three evenings each week and permitted to play games at quartette tables placed in the corridors. Authorized games and physical training are also taken part in during the daily exercise periods held on the outside exercise grounds under supervision of the Physical Training Instructor. Popular films were shown to the convict population in: the auditorium on one afternoon in each of the winter months. The radio system provided broadcasts of news,, sport, and entertainment daily at authorized hours. Farming Operations. Owing to the wet weather during the spring, the grain crop was poor. A good yield of vegetables was harvested with the exception of tomatoes. The crops harvested were in the following amounts: Ray 280 tons Pumpkin 15 tons Straw 48 " Cabbage 9 cc Ensilage 265 " Turnips 51 " Oats 850 bus. Bee-ts 12 " Barley 1100, " Carrots 11 " Onions Other grain 6 " 1,260 " 5 it Tomatoes Red Clover seed 3,635 lbs. Parsnips 2 cc Beans, green 10 tons Other vegetables 2t," The green beans, pumpkin and approximately One ton tomatoes were transferred to Kingston Penitentiary for canning purposes; twenty tons turnips and two tons onions were transfened to Kingston Penitentiary for consumption in that institution. Root vegetables in the amount of 16 tons 900 lbs. were transferred to the R.C.M.P. Other penitentiaries were supplied with 2,050 lbs. clover seed and 200 bushels buckwheat. The balance of the crop was consumed in this penitentiary. Four carloads (122 head) beef cattle were purchased during the year for fattening. Beef produced from slaughtering cattle totalled 77,084 lbs. of which 7,932 lbs. were supplied Kingston Penitentiary, the balance was consumed in this penitentiary. The flock of hens produced 8,172 dozen eggs during the year. Industries. Durinu the year articles manufactured in the shops for use in this penitentiary totalled 9,901 with materials used in their manufacture of the valuc of $8,228.56; a total of 349 articles of clothing for other penitentiaries was turned out by the tailor shop: For other Government departments 354 articles were manufactured by the Tinsmith department. The quantity of processed meats produced by the Steward's department for consumption in the institution was 17,500 lbs. of the value of $2, The quarry produced 2,573 cubic yards of dimension and other stone. The Mason department produced dressed stone,

84 82. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE tile and blocks of a total of 6,126 pieces. Considerable custom work was done for penitentiary officers. The total value of industrial work done in the shops based on the value of materials used was $10, Construction and Maintenance. An exceptionally wet Spring retarded excavation work. However, the foundation work on the new Cell Block B-3 was of structural steel for the first floor *as commenced. advanced so that erection Window casements, sash, window sills, door frames, ventilator ducts and other equipment for the Cell Block were manufactured. Construction of shop building C-4 was commenced in June and completed in -November to acconimodate vocational, training classes in carpentry and tinsmithing. Good progress was made with the new Horse Barn; brick lining and partitions were built, floor slab laid, metal siding and roofing applied, interior carpentry -work was well advanced. The building will be completed and occupied next autumn. Construction of the South-east tower and wall was advanced sufficiently to enable the tower to be put into use before winter set in. The interior of the north portion of building TC-1, formerly occupied by the dyeing plant, was remodelled and equipment was installed for use of the vocational class in plumbing and steamfitting. Considerable maintenance work on the interior and exterior of temporary and permanent buildings was done which included redecoration of the hospital, renovation of cells in Cell Block "H", papering and redecorating of tenements, scraping and painting of the interior of the Change Roorn building,- repairs te roofs and outside painting of various buildings. The manufacture and installation of oak pews for the Protestant Chapel was completed. Engineering Department. Under the supervision of Plant Engineer F. H. Saunders work in installations, maintenance and operation in connection with the steam power plant and the heating, electrical, telephone, radio, water supply and sewage systems was continuously performed satisfactorily during - the year. The main projects undertaken were: installation of lighting; water," and - toilet services in the new Horse Barn, in the new vocational Shep Briilding C-4, and three other class-rooms used for vocational training purposes; the salvaging and relaying of 1,100 feet of 8 inch water main to the new Horse Barn; relaying water and.service lines preliminary to the excavation for the new Cell Block. Plant Engineer Saunders supervised shipments of vocational training equipment from Windsor, Hamilton and Toronto to the penitentiary. The unloading, checking, sorting and storing of this equipment under direction of the Plant Engineer involved' a considerable amount of work. Stores Department. The storekeeper reports that the number of loaded cars spotted on the penitentiary railway siding during the year were: incoming 110, outgoing 8; 27 cars were consigned to Kingston Penitentiary, the unloading of which was done by convict labour supplied by this penitentiary. Appreciation is expressed to the Commission.er, the Deputy CommiSsioners, the Assistant Commissioners and other Branch dficials for the courtesies and assistance extended during the year. The continued valued co-operation and assistance extended by the Warden and staff of Kingston Penitentiary is appreciated. The co-operative and loyal service of officers on the staff of Collin's Bay Penitentiary is commendable and highly regarded by the Warden.

85 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table PAGE 1. Admissions and discharges during the year ended March 31, OFFENCES-Tables 2 to Nature of offence by number of offences and charges Nature of offence by term of sentence Nature of offence by type of sentence 95 SENTENCE-Tables 5 and Term of sentence by previous penal record Type of sentence by penitentiaries 96 AGES-Tables 7 to Nature of offence by age on admission Age on admission by employment prior to commitment. 97' 9. Occupation prior to offence by age on admission Age on admission by number of dependents 98, 11. Age on admission by conjugal condition 98 RACIAL Oanny-Tables 12 to Racial origin by penitentiaries Racial origin by conjugal condition Racial origin by degree of education Nature of offence by racial origin Racial origin by previous penal record 102 NATIVITY-Tables 17 to : Birthplace by urban or rural residence prior to commitment Birthplace of convicts by birthplace of parents Birthplace by social habits Birthplace by degree of education Racial origin by bidhplace Birthplace of convicts born outside Canada by length of residence in Canada Citizenship of convicts born outside Canada by residence in Canada prior to corn- - mitment 106 PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT-Tables 24 to Nature of offence by employment prior to commitment Number of dependents by employment prior to commitment Occupation of convicts prior to commitment Nature of offence by weekly earnings of convicts when last employed 111 LITEnAcy.-Tables 28 to Nature of offence by degree of education Degree of education by langdage spoken Previous commitments by degree of education 112 CONJUGAL CemrrroN-Tables 31 to Nature of offence by conjugal condition Weekly earnings when last employed by conjugal condition Employment prio.r to commitme'nt by conjugal condition

86 84 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Table PAGE. PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD-Tables 34 to Nature of offence by previous penal record Previous commitments by time served Previous commitments to penal institutions Time served on previbus commitments Previous commitments by employment prior to commitment Previous penal record by residence and employment prior to commitment Previous commitments by number. of dependents Previous penal record by number of commitments Previous penal record by non-penal institutional history 117 Soma, HABITS-Tables 43 and Nature of offence by social habits Previous commitments by social habits 118 MENTAL AND PHYSICAL CLAssuricAnoN-Tables 45 and Physical defects by mental classification Nature of offence by mental classification 119 RELIGroN-Table Racial origin by religion 120 FEMALE CoNviers-Tables 48 to Nature of offence by age on admission Nature of offence by term of sentence Nature of offence by conjugal condition and social habits Racial origin by birthplace and citizenship Racial origin by religion Nature of offence by previous penal record 122 MALE CONVICTS DISCHARGED DURING THE YEAR Tables 54 to Age on admission by age on discharge ) Method of release by penitentiaries Nature of offence by time served Main occupation while serving sentence by time served 125 FEMALE CONVICTS Disci-Lump DURING THE YEAR Tables 58 to Age on admission by age on discharge Nature of offence by time served Method of discharge by time served 126 JUVENILE OFFENDERS ADMITTED TO PENITENTIARIES-Tables 61 to Age on admission by penitentiary Age on admission by degree of education Age on admission by conjugal condition Age on admission by number of dependents Age on admission by employment prior to commitment Occupation prior to offence by age on admission Nature of offence by age on admission Age of minors on admission by type of sentence Type of sentence for minors by penitentiaries Age on admission by previous penal record Age on admission by number of previous commitments and place served Number of previous commitments by age on admission, time and place served ' 131

87 Annual Report of Dominion Penitentiaries, INTRODUCTION Statistics giving detailed information covering characteristics of convicts in Dominion penitentiaries were first issued by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics in connection with the decennial census of The collection of statistics on convicts in penitentiaries were placed on an annual basis in 1937 through an agreement entered into with the Department of Justice, Ottawa. To establish a sound basis for the collection of annual.statistics of admissions and discharges, the individual card system was introduced and a census taken of all prisoners on the register of the Dominion penitentiaries as for March 31, 1937, which is the end of the Dominion fiscal year. Since that time a perpetual inventory of convicts in the penitentiaries has been maintained at the Bureau and the number of convicts of both sexes as at the end of each month is made available. The information to be filled in on the individual cards mentioned above was agreed upon between the Bureau and the Penitentiary Branch. The cards are filled in by the penitentiaries authorities in triplicate, one being forwarded by the Warden or other officer in charge to the Institutional Statistics Branch, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, for the tabulation of the information. It was further agreed between the Bureau and the Penitentiary Branch that the tables compiled by the Bureau be published as an appendix to the annual report of the Superintendent of Penitentiaries. In the following report is summarized all available information concerning convicts in the seven Dominion penitentiaries. The tables are intended to enable investigators to study the characteristics of convicts committed to penitentiaries, the type of crime committed, the various classes of offenders and such factors as age, economic condition, race, environment and other social conditions which may serve to throw light on causes leading to commission of crime. The tables cover all convicts admitted to and released from the seven penitentiaries during the twelve month period ended March 31, Convicts admitted to and transferred to another penitentiary during the year are classified as admissions to the penitentiary to which transferred. Tables 2 to 47 inclusive deal with male admissions and Tables 48 to 53 with female admissions. Tables 54 to 57 inclusive deal with male discharges and Tables 58 to 60 deal with female discharges during the year. Tables 61 to 72 deal with offenders 20 years of age and under admitted to the various penitentiaries during the year. ANALYSIS OF TABLES Table 1. Admissions and discharges. The movement of the inmate population in the seven Dominion Penitentiaries for the twelve month period ended March 31, 1948 is shown in this table. Convicts on register on March 31, 1947 totalled 3,752 an increase of 390 or 4.6 per cent over the number on register on the same date in Of the number registered on March 31, 1947, 3,695 were males and 57 were females. Direct admissions totalled 1,397 of which number 1,387 were males and 10 were females. The total admitted during, the year including transfers was 1,867, a decrease of 2. 2 per cent under admissions in

88 86 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Releases which included 1,485 direct discharges and 283 transfers totalled 1,768, of which number 1,720 were males and 48 were females. The number of convicts on register on March 31, 1948 was 3,851, an increase of 79 or 2.6 per cent over the number registered on March 31, Table 2. Nature of offence by number of offences and charges. The nature of of-fences for which male convicts were committed to penitentiaries are classified under six main divisions: Against Public Order and Peace; the Administration of Law and Justice; Against Morals and Public Convenience;: Against the Person and Reputation; Against Rights and Property; Offences relating tp Bank Notes and Counterfeiting, and Against the Defence of Canada Regulations. The nature of offences committed by males sentenced to penitentiaries shows only minor differences from those of the previous year,..as the following percentages show. The percentages for the previous year are.given in brackets:7 Against Public Order and Peace, 1.0 (0.7); Against Administration of Law and Justice, 2.2 (2.2); Against Morals and Public Convenience 8.0 (7.0); Against the Person and R,eputation 95 (10.8); Against Rights and Property, 789 (78.8); Bank Notes and Counterfeiting 0.2 (0.1); Defence of Canada Regula,tions 0.2 (0.4). Of the 1,547 male convicts admitted during the year 876 or 56.6 per cent were Éuilty of a single offence, 137 or 8.8 per cent of a single offence but more than one charge; 524 or 33 9 per cent were guilty of more than one offence and one or more charges and 10 or 0.7 per cent were ticket-of-leave -sriolators. Table 3. Nature of offence by term of sentence.. Of the 1,547 male convicts committed to penitentiaries, 659 or 42.6 percent received the minimum sentence of 2 years; 585 or 37.8 per cent received sentences over 2 years and under 5 years; 239 or 15.5 per cent from 5 to under 10 years; 46 or 3.0 per cent from 10 to under 20 years. Ten convicts received sentences over 20 and under 25 years, and 6 received life sentences. Of those who received life sentences five'were guilty of crimes against the Person and Reputation and one of crimes against Rights and Property. Table 4. Nature of offence by type of sentence._ Sentences are either simple, concurrent, consecutive or a combination of the two latter types. Of the 1,547 male convicts committed, 834 or 53.9 per cent received simple sentences. Of the number receiving simple sentences, 26 received lashes in addition to the sentence imposed. Five hundred and forty-nine or 35.4 per cent received concurrent sentences, and of this number, ten received lashes in addition to the sentences imposed. The number of convicts receiving lashes in 'addition to the sentence imposed was 42, five less than in the previous year. Table 5. Term of sentence by previous penal record. Of the 1,547 male commitments to penitentiaries during the year, 327 or 21-1 per cent were first offenders, and 1,220 or 78.7 per cent had previous penal records. Of the 1,220 with previous commitments, 579 or 37.4 per cent had previous penitentiary records, and 641 or 41.5 per cent had gaol and reformatory records. These 1,220 recidivists prior to their last commitment had spent 4,109 years either in gaols, reformatories or penitentiaries. Table 7. Nature of offence by age on adin ission. Of thé 1,547 male admissions, 301 or 20.0 per cent were twenty years of age and under. In the previous year 20.4 per cent were twenty years of age and under. In per cent of all admissions were twenty and under; and in 1945, the percentage was 21.1.

89 REPORT OF. THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 87 Admissions between the ages 21 to 29, totalled 647 or 41.8 per cent of total admissions. In the previous year the percentage was Thus 61.8 per cent of total admissions were under 30 years of age, whereas 64 9 per cent in the previous year were under thirty years of age. As in previous years the crimes committed by youths under 20 years of age were mainly against Rights and Property, no less than 87-3 per cent belongine to this group of offences, while 83.0 per cent of crimes committed by those in the age groups 21 to 29 were also against Rights and Property. For all age groups under 50 years of aee, breaking, entering and theft, and robbery either with violence or while armedhad the largest number of convictions. The number of offences of breaking, entering and theft fell from 547 in 1946 to 459 in 1947 a decrease of 19.0 per cent in this class of crime. On the other hand robbery and theft and robbery while armed increased from 213 in 1946 to 242 in 1947 an increase of 13.6 per cent. Table 8. Age on admission by employment prior to commitment. Of the 1,547 male admissions, 793 or 51.3 per cent were employed at time crime was cœmnitted, while 734 or 37.4 per cent were unemployed. In the previous year 49.7 per cent were employed. Of the total unemployed 390 or 53 per cent were unemployed for less than 3 months, and 128 or 17.4 per cent were unemployed for a period of from 3 to 6 months. Of the total unemployed, 172 or 23 4 per cent were under 21 years of age, and 325 or 44.3 per cent were between 21 and 29 years of age. Table 9. Occupation prior to commitment. Of the 793 who were employed prior to admission, unskilled workers and those employed in manufacturing and transportation formed 45.0 per cent of all who were employed, while those engaged in agriculture, building and construction and personal service formed 32.0 per cent. For additional information on occupation of convicts prior to commitment, see Table 26. Tables 10 and 11. Number of dependents and conjugal condition. Of the 1,547 Male convicts committed, 1,001 or 64.7 per cent lias no dependents, while the 546 with dependents had an average of 2.1 dependents each. Of the 1,547 male admissions, 946 or 61.2 per cent were single, 481 or 31.0 per cent were married and 120 or 7.8 per cent were widowed or divorced. Tables 12 'to 16. The racial or ethnic origin. The racial or ethnic Origin of male admissions is given in these tables and show, nature of offence, previous penal record, conjugal condition and degree of education. Thirty-one racial groups are represented among the 1,547 male admissions, and the information is of value since it enables a study to be made of the characteristics of the various racial groups which make up the population. The rate per 10,000 of each racial group which make up the penitentiary population is shown here. With the exception of those of Russian origin which rose from 2.3 per 10,000 in 1946 to 8.2 in 1947, all other racial groups show no increases. Of those of British stock 33.3 per cent were married as compared with the figures for Of the total male admissions 77.0 per cent had a common school education, 16.2 per cent had attended high school and 2.5 per cent had university education.

90 88 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Table 15.-Shows nature of offence by racial origin. For all racial stocks the great majority of offences were against Rights and Property. Of those convicted of Manslaughter and Murder, 46-4 per cent of these crimes were committed by those of British stock and 28.5 per cent by those of French origin. Of the 57 convicted of of-fences under the Narcotic Drug Act, 52-6 per cent of these offences were committed by British racial Stocks, and 37.0 per cent by European races. Table 16.-Shows racial origin by previous penal record. A subject of considerable interest to all interested in penology is the previous penal record of those committed to penitentiaries year after year. Of the thirtyone races represented only six had no record of previous commitments. The following percentages of male recidivists admitted to penitentiaries under the principal racial groups is given here, and show clearly that the problem of recidivism is still.unsolved: English 77-5; Irish 81.4; Scotch 80-0; French 78.7; European races 80.0; Asiatics, 88.0; Negroes, 80-0 and North American Indians and Half-breeds, 80-0 per cent. ESTIMATED POPULATION BY ETHNIC ORIGIN FOR CANADA, 1947 Ethnic origin Population Admissions June 1,1945 peni,,_ to,. (Amble 108 Rate per 10,000 of racial population All ethnic origins 12,119,000 1, British 5,923, English 3,085, Irish 1,310, Scottish 1,449, Other British 79, French 3,766, European 5,744, Austrian 39, Belgian 31, Bulgarian 3,300 Czech and Slovak 45, Danish 40, Finnish 42, German 490, Greek 12,100 2 F7 Hungarian 57, Icelandic 22, Italian 118, Lithuanian 8,200 Netherlanders 226, Norwegian 106, Polish 176, Roumanian 25, Russian (races of U.S.S.R.) 89, Swedish 89, Ulcrainian. 423, Yugoslavic 22, Other (unspecified) 7, Asiatic 74, Chinese 33, Hindu (East Indian) 1,500 Japanese 24, Syrian 12, Other 3,000 Lidian 161, Jewish 177, Negro 23, Other races 8,500. Unspecified 4,900

91 REPORT OF THE SURINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 89 Tables 17 to 22.-Birthplace. Of the 1,547 male admissions 89.4 per cent were born in Canada, 4.0 per cent in Great Britain 2 0 per cent in the United States, 4.0 per cent in Europe and 0.6 per cent out:side Europe. Of total male admissions 79.0 per cent were living in urban centres when crime was committed. Of the total admissions 55.4 per cent had both parents born in Canada, 13.0 per cent had both parents British, 17.7 per cent had both parents of foreign origin, and 13.9 per cent had parents of mixed origin. Of the 1,547 admissions, only 12.7 per cent were reported as intemperate, while 4.3 per cent were drug addicts. Of admissions born outside Canada 85.5 per 'cent had lived in Canada 15 years or over. Below is appended a table to show what percentages of main offences were committed by the.employed and unemployed groups. Against Public Order and Peace Law and Justice Morals and Public Conveniences Person and Reputation Rights and Property Counterfeiting Defence of Canada Regulations Nature of Offence Employed Unemployed Pei: cent Per cent Table 27.-Weekly earnings of male admissions. Of the male convicts admitted 7.4 per cent were reported as earning under twenty dollars a week, 33.7 per cent were earnings between twenty and thirty dollars; 46.2 per cent had weekly earning of between thirt3r and fifty dollars and 11.0 per cent earned fifty dollars and over. Table 30.-Gives the number. of previous com,mitments by degree of education. For those who were illiterate the average number of previous commitments to penal institutions was 3.3; for those who could read only 1.8; for those with common school education 5.0; for those with high school education 5.3 and for those with university education 4.5. The total number of previous commitments of the 1,220 recidivists to the various types of penal institutions is as follows:-to gaols, 5,492; to reformatories, 2,710 and to penitentiaries ' 3,920, or a total of 12,122 previous commitments, while the average time served was 3.8 years. Of those with previous commitments 35 had previously been in mental hospitals, 15 in sanatoria and 109 in other non-penal institutions. Tables 48 to 53.-Female convicts admitted. This series of tables show the number of female convicts admitted to penitentiaries during the year, the nature of offence, age on admission, term of sentence and previous penal record. The number of female convicts admitted during the year was 37 an increase of 5 over the previous year.

92 90 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE The principal offences for which these were committed were as follows: Arson (6) Breach of Opium and Drug Act, (5), Manslaughter (4), Theft (6). Of those admitted one was under 19 years of age. The average length of sentence for those committed was 3 years and nine months, while one got a life sentence. Of the 37 females convicted 24 per cent were single, 60 per cent were Married and 16 per cent widowed or divorced. Of the convicts committed all except five were born in Canada.. Of the thirty-seven, admitted, 18 had previous criminal records and had 105 previous commitments either to gaols, reformatories or penitentiaries. Tables 54 to 57. Male convicts released. A total of 1,465 male convicts were released during the year an increase of 15.0 per cent over the number released the previous year. Of those released 166.or 11.3 per cent were under 21 years of age; 713 or.48-8 per cent were between 21 and 29 years of age; 442 or 30.1 per cent were between the ages of 30 and 40, and 144 or 9.8 per cent were 40 years Of age and over. Of the total released, 1,075 or 73 4 per cent received their 'discharge by expiration of sentence, 326 or 22.3 per cent were discharged on ticket-of-leave, 36 or 2.5 per cent were pardoned. Fourteen convicts while serving their sentence died during the year, and six were deported, while four were committed to Mental Hospitals. These discharged 'convicts had an aggregate stay of 2,232 years in confinement or an average of 1.5 years per convict discharged. Tables 61 to M. Juvenile offenders admitted to Penitentiaries. Juveniles twenty years of age and under form a group which is of great importance to the penologist since it consists entirely of young persons convicted of felonies or of such serious crimes as to make detention in penitentiaries necessary. These tables set out certain characteristics of this group and present a condensed but informative picture of their social background, according to age, race, nativity, mental condition, offence committed and criminal record. Of the 301 juveniles committed to penitentiaries during the year, 123 or 40.8 per cent were employed when crime was committed, while two were attending school and four never worked. Sixty per cent of those unemployed were out of work for less than three months prior to commission of crime. As is the case with adult male admissions, those employed in Manufacturing, Building and Construction, Transportation,- Personal Service and Unskilled Workers contributed by far the largest number of admissions, Unskilled Worker s. the largest group. forming The nature of offence committed shows that 87.0 per cent of juvenile crimes were against Rights and Property, under which Breaking, entering and theft comprised. 52 per cent of offences committed, while Robbery while armed and Robbery and theft formed 21 per éent. Two juveniles were guilty of Manslaughter and three of Rape. One hundred and forty of these admissions received simple sentences, 140 concurrent and 13 consécutive sentences. Nine received lashes in addition to sentence imposed. Of the 301 admissions 207 or 68.7 per cent had a previous penal history, percentage of recidivists under each age group being as follàws: Under 16, none; 16 years 75.0; 17 years, 43.0; 18 years, 70.0; 19 years, 67.0 and those of 20 years, ' Of the 301 juveniles admitted, 87 per cent cent had common school education and 10 per cent had been to high school, while 9 were married and three were divorced.

93 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 91 TABLE 1. ADMISSIONS AND DISCHARGES DURING THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1948 Dor- St, Kin C ll ' M S 1 t- British Total Vincent g- o in s am- as ca chester de paui ston Bay toba chewan bia Convicts on Register, March 31, 1947 T. 3, , M. 3, , F Admissions- ' Admitted during year and not transferred M. 1, F Received by transfer (admitted during year) M F _ Total admitted during year and retained M. 1, F Received by transfer (admitted before April 1, 1947 M F. 1 1 Admitted during year and transferred M F , Received by transfer and transferred (admitted during year) M F. Total admissions T. 1, M. 1, F Releases- Discharges M. 1, F Transferred (admitted during year) M F Transferred (admitted before April 1, 1947 M F. 1 1 Total Releases T. 1, M. 1, F onvicts on register, March 31, 1948 T. 3, , M. 3, , F. 74' 74

94 92 DEPARTMENT. OF JUSTICE TABLE 2. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY NUMBER OF OFFENCES AND CHARGES Single offence Moro than one off once Ticket- Ticket- of-leave Nature of offence Total Moro One More of-leave violator Single than charge than violator plus charge one for each one charge charge offence charge Total 1, Against Public order and peace Carrying concealed weapons 1 1 Illegal possession of firearms Unlawful possession of explosives. 4 4 Other 1 1 Against the administration of law and justice Escape from lawful custody and attempt Perjury Ticket-of-leave violator Unlawfully at large 3 3 Other 3 3 Against morals and public convenience Buggery and attempt reach of Opium and Narcotic Drug Act Contributing to juvenile delinquency Gross indecency and attempt Incest Incest, attempt 1 1 Living on avails of prostitution Procuration and attempt 2 2.Against the person and reputation Abduction 1 1 Abortion and attempt Assault, common 2 2 Assault, indecent Assault on female Assault, causing bodily harm Assault with intent to rob Assault on peace officer in execu- 6 tion of duty 1 1 Bigamy Carnal knowledge Carnal knowledge, attempt Causing grievous bodily harm 5, and attempt Endangering life Manslaughter : Murder 2 2 Murder, attempt Murder, accessory after 1 1 Rape Rape, attempt Shooting with intent Suicide, attempt Wounding with intent Negligence to provide Against rights and property 1, Arson, and attempt Breaking entering, attempt Breaking entering and theft Breaking entering with intent ConspiracY Demand with menaces extortion blackmail False pretences and fraud Forgery Tittering forged document and attempt ' 12

95 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 93 TABLE 2. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY NUMBER OF OFFENCES AND CHARGES Conc. Single offence More than one offence Ticket- Ticket- of-leave Nature of offence Total More One More of-leave violator Single than charge than violator plus charge one for each one charge charge offence charge Against rights and property Cone/tided Possession of house-breaking instruments Receiving and/or retaining stolen. property Robbery Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Robbery attempt 2 2 Horse, cattle, pig and sheep. stealing 2 2 Robbery, while armed attempt Theft Theft of postal matter Thèft of automobile Damage to property 'Theft of bicycle Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money 3 3 Against the defence of Canada regulations in Canada 3 3

96 TABLE a NATURE OF OFFENCE BY TERM OF SENTENCE so ir; a c, >. -a ti à à -e -a re a e. e. g a a a o O e -a 'a 'if.i `a' -o 5 e 8 d à 0 '0 '0 Nature of offence ca PI r. e g ' g " es i9. cl e "g 4i 1 i5 ô 4>. (0,., el co 0..., <= ?,,..,,, 0,., :3 log,. a >, e >, -0 >, 0 tag e cl 0 > 0 e >, > m '>., ' > gml '>, >.' m O, ;, ;>) ;., 0) 5, ;.>.2 >,-,2. e e >, - -`.à' ge s-. 1 t Ec-i >. 0. 0, 0... t. o) 'e 0 e,.?.2. F, n 'a P E-1 É- Total 1, Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Bre.ach of Opiun and Narcotic Drug Act Incest Others Against the person and reputation Carnal knowledge Manslaughter Murder Rape Others Against rights and property 1, Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences and fraud Forgery Utteririg forged document Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money Against the defence of Canada Regulations In Canada ' ffolls 'Élr IO ILI1IfffrI1 L217cIDI

97 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 95 TABLE 4. NATURE Or OFFENCE BY TYPE OF SENTENCE Nature of offence ai ô 4 4 o." e , tq rci 4 ro..:. W g g.e 1,-.. g -''. e,.,e g, oa. r«0 ` g..- ào, M. 0 PI 1. 1i.1 > g p.,,à, &, 8..r, pa, '5,.el.- 4 g. g ge. gi (g. 0 g wp 0 8 â'p.r. oet Ei q E-1 Fi3 in d d à5 d '4' r:' Total 1, Against public order and pence Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act Incest Others Against the person and reputation Carnal knowledge Manslaughter Murder 2 2 Rape Others Against rights and property 1, Breaking, entering und theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences and fraud Forgery Uttering forged document, and attempt Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money 3 3 Against the defence of Canada regulations. In Canada 3 3 TABLE 5. TERM OF SENTENCE BY PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD Previously committed to.9,..,,:-, 00e, n 0. ' Term of sentence " Ei el -.-> =.,-. -..= o M ,..,g -P,9, 0 -re ca g A e g 00,-.. Pi Ê Ê >, g, â a â:g,q...,:g '3 Iii ô..---,.> '8 e ifi 0 ô 0 'to - 1' ô ' Ô 0 0 ifi (1) ô,z, nif:4 e fli "05 e (If cs c2p- E:1 FiH 0 f24 4> Total 1, , years Over 2 and under 3 years years Over 3 and under 4 years years Over 4 and under 5 years years years years years years years Over 10 and under 12 years and under 15 years and under 20 years and under 25 years years and over Life Death commuted to Life Ticket-of-leave violator under 2 years Ticket-of-leave violator over 2 years

98 96 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLE 6. TYPE OF SENTENCE BY PENITENTIARIES St. %sic- British Dor- King- Collin's Mani- Type of sentence Total Vincent atche- Columchester de Paul ston Bay loba wan bia Total. 1, Simple Simple with lashes Concurrent Concurrent with lashes Consecutive Consecutive with lashes Concurrent and Consecutive Concurrent and Consecutive with lashes Simple with fine Concurrent with fine Remanet I Remanet with sentence I TABLE 7. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY AGE ON ADMISSION Nature of offence 3 E.Ei g.. te o Total 1, Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice , Against morals and public convenience Breach of the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act 57..., Incest Others i Against the person and reputation b Carnal knowledge Manslaughter Murder Rape i 1 ià.. i.. i Others Agaiiu3t rights and property 1, Breaking, entering and theft à Brealcing and entering with intent : False pretences and fraud Forgery ,. i... i Uttering forged documents and attempt Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money Against the defence of Canada regulations In Canada

99 <' REPORT 01? THE.SUPER1HTENDeT'OP PÉNITENTIARIES TABLE 8. AGE ON ADMISSION BY EMPLOYMENT PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Period of unemployment,tf o, id ro 9 o Age on admission Total -o 'Z1 ' e,ii,'à) k.,...fa,,-, t)..-c,. ce,.. i?.,gi,, nii e Th'2 'iq g.,.9.,,..,.e.o= ifi, fa, 'e e.!:.1 7,4 41,o E,t1 mi >, O >, e n _a,?.j.) o,.es1 cg ce e-1 g cq g c '', lf, FA w e.. e 1-,..,-, c., e,. Z Total 1, Under 16 years years years " 1 18 years years years t,o 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 39 years to 49 years to 59 years to 69 years years and over TABLE 9. OCCUPATION PRIOR TO OFFENCE BY AGE ON ADMISSION,... e e o 'g Occupation 1 g,g, g g g a'. g 7% 7. e " p,, ' > '., '>.' 8 ''' e.', F2. o, o, 74> > e '' '' E2 -, g., ''!.1 e...g i" S-!LI.r4'._. c., c,.. <,.7.!...-' Total 1, Agriculture Fishing, hunting and trapping... ' Logging Mining Manufacturing Building and construction Transportation and communication Commercial Finance and Insurance Public administration Professional Entertainment and sport Personal service Laundering, cleaning and dyeing Clerical Unskilled workers Students Never worked Unemployed

100 9..., DER2,147,Illf.E OF, JUSTI.ÇE,., TABLE 10. AGE ON ADMISSION BY NUgBER (3F DEpENDENTS.. No de- ' Eight nver Age on admission Total pend- One Two Thfee Four FiVe Six Seven to `' ents ten ten Total 1,547 1, Under 16 years years years years years years to 24 years 357, to 29 years , to 34 years to 39 years , ,, 40 to 49 years ,, 5 50 to 59 years to 69 years years and over TABLE 11. AGE ON ADMISSION BY CONJUGAL CONDITION Age on admission Total Single Married Widowed Divorced Total 1, Under 16 years years years years years years to 24 years to 29 years t,o 34 years to 39 years to 49 years to 59 years ' 9 60 t,o 69 years years and over TABLE 12. RACIAL ORIGIN BY PENITENTIARIES St. Dor- Vincent King- Collin's Mani- Saskat- British Racial origin Total chester de ston Bay toba chewan Cohan- Paul bia Total 1, English Irish Scottish Welsh French , 11 Austrian Belgian Czech-Slovak Danish Netherlander Finnish German Greek Hungarian Icelandic 1 1 Italian

101 REPORT OF THE "SUPERINTENDENT'OF PENITENTIARIES TABLE' 12. RACIAL ORIGIN BY PENITENTIARIES:L Cotiriuàed Racial origin Total St. r Dor- Vincent King- Collin's Mani- Saskat- British chester de ston Bay toba chewan Colum- Paul bia, Jugo-Slavian Norwegian Polish Roumanian Russian Swedish TJkrainian Hebrew Spanish 1 1 Chinese Japanese 1 1 Syrian Negro ' 2 1 Half-breed North American Indian TABLE 13. RACIAL ORIGIN BY CONJUGAL CONDITION Racial origin Total Single Married Widowed Divorced Total 1, English Irish ,17 Scottish Welsh French Austrian Belgian Czech and Slovak Danish Netherlander Finnish 6 6 German Greek Hungarian Icelandic 1 1 Italian Jugo-Slavic Norwegian Polish Roumanian Russian Swedish Ukrainian Hebrew Spanish 1 1 Chinese '. Japanese 1 1 Syrian Negro Half breed North American Indian

102 100 DEPARTMENT Or JUSTICE... TABLE 14. RACIAL ORIGIN- BY DEGREE,OF, :EDUCATION ' Racial. orighi Total None Reads Common High Univeronly School School sity Total 1, , , English : Irish Scottish Welsh French Austrian Belgian 4 4 Czech and Slovak 4 ' 4 Danish Netherlander Finnish German Greek 2 2, Hungarian Icelandic 1 1 Italian, , Jugo-Slavic Norwegian 4 2 Polish Roumanian Russian Swedish Ukrainian 43 4 ' ' 33 6, Hebrew ' 12 ', ` 8' 3 1 Spanish 1 1 Chinese Japanese 1, 1 Syrian 3 3 Negro Half Breed North American Indian

103 TABLE 15. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY RACIAL ORIGIN offence.5.., >.TÉ, A. t e 0 ;I re e e e 4 e a '-i' e > +..' -a e 7-' -5-5.:,,.Fr à?..,..1 4 e.5 Nature of u,.5. e. -ii3 4 - ta a e 73 g; a TD>. 5 C D? TO'. 5 ', :. '0'. El. 0? ::-. T, e P :.=1" e E '''.. F', b e.,3.4=-1 e? 4 1=4 al e- <4 ;a pa o A Z g a 01=14.4 )1Z P., P4 rii P 01 cfj'p-, 0 4 P:1-4 rn E-1Z,`-'Pli Z W Total 1, o PJ o, Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of Opium and Narcotic Drug Act 57 Incest 19 Others Against the person and reputation Carnal knowledge I Manslaughter Murder Rape 1 2 à Others ' Against rights and property 1, Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with in-. tent False pretences and fraud Forgery.... ljttering forged document and attempt Receiving stolen property and. retaining Robbery and theft with violence à i Robbery while armed : Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and coun- -' terfeit money Against the defence of Canada regulations In Canada tz1 1`3 L o ef 1-4

104 0 TABLE 16. RACIAL ORIGIN BY PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD Racial origin Total No previous Total with Gaol, commit_ previous Gaol only Reformatory Penitentiary Gaol and Gaol and Reformatory Reiomatoryv mente commit- only only Reformatory Penitent' exy Penitentary and i meats - Penitentiary and.. Total 1, , ' 165 English Irish Scottish Welsh French Austrian Belgiaa Bulgarian Czech and Slovak Danish Netherlander Fkuisla German Greek 2 2 ' 1 1 Hungarian Icelandic 1 1 Italian Yugo-Slavic Lithminian Norwegian ' Polish Roumanian Russian Swedish Maainian Hebrew Spanish Portugese Chinese fapanese sindu eirmenirra.. Syrian Iurkish Negro Weincan Philipino Rail Breed North American Indian _.. NDIL L SOf 10 1I Ia741121Vc12-0

105 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 103 TABLE 17.-BIRTHPLACE BY URBAN OR RURAL RESIDENCE PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Birthplace Total Rural Urban Not stated Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage Total 1, , Canada 1, , England Ireland Scotland Wales British Possessions United States Austria , Belgium Czeoho-Slovakia Finland Hungary Italy Jugo-Slavia Norway Poland Roumania ' 0.13 Russia Sweden Ukraine China ' Turkey TABLE 18.-BIRTHPLACE OF CONVICTS BY BIRTHPLACE OF PARENTS Both Both Both Birthplace Total Parents Parents Parents Canadian British Foreign Father Father Father Father Father Father Canadian, British, Canadian, Foreign British, Foreign, Mother Mothe Mother Mother Mother Mother British Canadjn Foreign Canadian Foreign British Total 1, Canada 1, England Ireland Scotland Wales 3 3 British Possessions 1 1 United States France Austria 5 5 Belgium 1 1 Bulgaria Czeoho-Slovakia 3 3 Denmark Netherlands Finland Germany 2 2 Greece Hungary Iceland 4 4 Italy 2 2 Jugo-Slavia 1 1 Lithuania NorwaY 3 3 Poland Roumania 2 2 Russia Sweden 3 3 Ukraine 3 3 Spain 1 Switzerland China Japan Syria Turkey 1 1 Mexico

106 ' TABLE 19. BIRTHPLACE OF SOCIAL HABITS.. - Non-dru g addict Drug addict. Birthplace - Total Abstinent Temperate Interer Intemper- a 'e Total Abstinent Temperate Total Abstinent Temperate Intemper-, ate ate Total 1,547 ' 292 1, , ' 1: Canada ' 1, , England Ireland Scotland Wales British Posesssions United States 34, France Austria Belgium Bulgaria - Czecho-Slovak-ia Denmark. -. Netherlands - Finland Gerraany Greece.., Hungary ' Iceland Italy Jugo-Slavia Lithuania - - ' ' ' Norway ' Poland ' Roumania Russia Sweden Ukraine 3 ' Spain -. - Switzerland. China. ' ' ".. Japan , Syria,., Turkey Mexico,,. o adlts, rée o 'LLNuÉduvcrua

107 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 105 TABLE 20. BIRTHPLACE BY DEGREE OF EDUCATION Birthplace Total None Reads only Common School High School University Total 1, , Canada 1, , England Ireland Scotland Wales British Possessions 1 1 United States France Austria Belgium 1 1 Bulgaria Czecho-Slovakia Denmark Netherlands Finland Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy 2 2 Jugo-Slavia. 1 1 Lithuania Norway Poland Roumania 2 2 Russia Sweden 3 3 Ukraine s Spain Switzerland China Japan Syria Turkey 1 1 Mexico TABLE 21. RACIAL ORIGIN BY BIRTHPLACE British "United Racial origin Total Canada Isles and states Europe Asia Others Possessions Total 1,547 1, English Irish Scottish Welsh French Austrian Belgian Bulgarian Czech and Slovak Danish 4 4 Netherlander Finnish German Greek 2 2 Hungarian s 3 5 Icelander 1 1 Italian Jugo-Slavie Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Roumanian Russian Swedish Ukranian Hebrew Spanish 1 1 Portuguese Chinese Japanese 1 1 i Hindu Armenian Syrian 3 3 Turkish Negro Mexican Phillipono Half breed North American Indian 10 16

108 106 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLE 22. BIRTHPLACE OF CONVICTS BORN OUTSIDE CANADA BY LENGTH OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA 6 years Less than 10 Years 16 years Not Birthplace Total and under and under and over Stated 5 Yea" 10 years 15 years Total England Ireland Scotland Wales British Possessions 1 1 United States France Austria 5 5 Belgium 1 1 Bulgaria Czecho-Slovakia 3 3 Denmark Netherlands Finland 2 2 Germany Greece Hungary 4 4 Iceland Italy 2 2 Jugo-Slavia 1 1 Lithuania Norway 3 3 Poland Roumania Russia Sweden 3 3 Ukraine 3 3 Spain Switzerland.,. China Japan Syria Turkey 1 Mexico TABLE 23. CITIZENSHIP OF CONVICTS BORN OUTSIDt -CANADA BY LENGTH OF RESIDENCE IN CANADA PB,I0B, TO COMMITMENT - Citizenship Total. 5 and 10 and Under 15 years under under 5 years and 10 years 15 years over Number Percentage Not stated. Total ' Alien Naturalized British born in Canada More than 5 years British born in Canada less than 5 years

109 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 107 TABLE 24. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY EMPLOYMENT PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Period of unemployment Nature of Offence Total g. TS. F3 b Cs ' Co ' -. 0 Co 0. N 4> l 1 'à '' 5 ' Cj b =1 7:1 D, p i i? ' CI 5' e e. e, ';'-. 1 "'"0:1. gl â e ''Cl al >, '0 gr ] n'' a g e g e '.>'c g,,.. FA cc CO CO 1-1 Co CO Total 1, Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of Opium and Narcotic Drug Mi Incest Others Against the person and reputation Carnal knowledge Manslaughter Murder 2 2 Rape Others Against rights and property 1, Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences and fraud Forgery Uttering forged document Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money Against the defence of Canada regulations- In Canada 3 3 TABLE 25. NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS BY EMPLOYMENT PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Co,e,., Period of unemployment '' td, 8 c.,. 32.,, c..1 Co 11..,,,, q m CO 0 Number of dependents Total. bi..0 b. '0 CI Ê 5 ''I'' ni C i 0 ' 0 ' > 1.. g Cog rdi le, s F, g. e,.,:, b, 1 e,e) g :4 â Fl Irl fl cq â,t3 PA CO A. El 1-, ea c0.- Co Co. Total 1, No dependents 1, Total with dependents One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight to ten Over ten e

110 108 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLE 26. OCCÙPATION OF CONVICTS PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Occupation. Total Dorchester St. Vincent de Paul Kingston British Collin's Mani- Saskat-,-..,, - Bay toba chewan ''Tia Total 1, Student Never worked , Unemployed , 122 Agriculture Farmers Gardeners 1 1 Farm labourers Poultry farmer 1 1 Fishing, hunting trapping Fishermen Hunters, trappers 1 1 Logging Lumbermen Mining Loading 1 1 Coal miners Miners, (others) Foremen 1 1 Manufacturing Bakers 6 1 ' Tobacco workers 1 1 Machine hand 1 1 ' Meet canners, curers, packers 1 Butchers, slaughterers Butter and cheese makers Furriers Machine operators Weavers Yarn inspector Tailors Firemen Furniture makers 1 1 Cabinet makers 2 1 i Paper makers 2 1 ] Printing, publishing and book-binding Publishers, editors 1 1 Foremen 2 2 Linotype operators 1 1 Bookbinders 1 1 Printers, apprentices 3 3 Book reviewers, newspaper workers 1 1 Metal working Foremen 1 Blacksmith 2 1 Boilermakers 1 1 Steel workers Machinists Lathe operators Diemakers ' Mechanics Press operators 2 2 Tinsmiths Riveters 1 1 Welders 2 2 Precious metals and Electroplate- Jewellers, watchmakers, repairers 2 2 Electrical apparatus 5 ' Press operators 1 1 Electrical radio, repairmen Non-metallic znineral products- Asbestos workers 1 1 Paint and varnish workers 1 1 Building and construction ' ' Foreman Machine band 1 1 BricklaYers Carpenters Cement 3 1 Electricians Painters Plasterers Plumbers 7 4 3

111 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 109 TABLE 26. OCCUPATION OF CONVICTS PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Contitzued Occupation St. ' British Dor- Collin's Mani- Total chester Vincent Kingston Cotin. Bay toba ohewan de Paul bia Transportation, communication and storage Steward 1 1 Fireman 1 1 Expressman 1 1 Dispatcher 1 1 Conductors Fireman 1 1 Brakeman Water Oiler 1 1 Captains 1 1 Seamen, etc., sailors, deckhands Marine Firemen 1 1 Longshoremen Road Building repairmen Chauffeurs, bus drivers, taxi drivers Truck drivers Teamstems Deliverymen 1 1 Motor mechanic Foremen, overseers cartage 1 1 Garage owners Manager Garage foremen, overseers, helper Communication- Linemen Warehousing and storage- Shippers 1 1 Commercial Merchants ' Pedlars 2 2 Buyers 1 1 Canvassers 1 1 Salesmen C Bill posters 1 1 Finance Insurance i Stock and Bond brokers 1 1 Insurance agent 1 1 Financial agent 1 1 Public administration and defence Public Service official 1 I Army Navy Air force Professional Religious workers 1 1 Physicians, surgeons 1 1 Graduate nurses 1 1 Dancing, music teachers 1 1 Civil, sanitary engineers Mechanical, marine engineers Accountants l Journalist 1 1 Scientists Other professional Service 1 1 Entertainment and sport Actois Sportsmen, showmen Ushers Musician 1 1 Pin Boy Bowling Alley Personal service Restaurant, cafe Housekeeper Waiters Hotel porters 1 1 Janitors. 1 1 Watchmen, caretakers, guards Hotel keepers Barbers Baker Cooks Domestic servants 2 1 I Orderlies

112 110 -DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLE 26. OCCUPATION OF CONVICTS PRIOR TO COMMITMENT :Conduded Occupation Dor- St. Kingston chester Vincent de Paul British Collin's Bay Mani- Saskat-,-,-,.. t,oba ohewan ' "gr a Personal service Conduded Odd jobs 1 1 Attendants 2 2 Laundry workers, cleaners and dyers Pressera 1 1 Cleaners and dyers Clerical occupations Bookkeepers 14 1 G Clerks Unskilled workers

113 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 11 TABLE 27. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY WEEKLY EARNINGS OF CONVICTS WHEN LAST EMPLOYED 0, I 09 VT.9 E. 49 I. 09 MI pbkit ti!,-,' o '0.-o -o -o..t. 'ci e ' 1 Nature of offence Total ei 1 g 3 ' MI Mi MI M7 MI MI MI ii g g n is g g g t'ii V e a 1, F. i.e. 2 l'; Z 0 Total 1, Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of Opium and Narcotic Drug Act Incest Others Against the person and reputation Carnal knowledge Manslaughter Murder Rape Others Against rights and property 1, Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences and fraud Forgery Uttering forged document Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money Against the defence of Canada regulations In Canada b TABLE 28. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY DEGREE or EDUCATION Nature of offence Total None Reads only Celionlor High School University Total 1, , Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of Opium and Narcotic Drug Act Incest Others Against the person and reputation Carnal Imowledge Manslaughter Murder 2 2 Rape Others Against rights and property 1, Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with int,ent False pretences and fraud Forgery Uttering forged document Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating t,o bank notes and counterfeit money Against the defence of Canada regulations 3 3 In Canada i

114 112 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLE 29. DEGREE OF EDUCATION BY LA NGUAGE SPOKEN Degree of education Total English only French n1y English English English and French Mother and and Tongue French Mother Tongue Mother only Tongue Total 1, None Can Read only Common School 1, High School University TABLE 30. PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS BY DEGREE OF EDUCATION Previous commitments Total None Can read Common High only School School University Total (with previous commitments) 1, One Two Three Four Five Six to ten Eleven to fifteen Sixteen to twenty Over twenty TABLE 31. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY CONJUGAL CONDITION Nature of offence Total Single. Married Widowed Divorced Separated Total 1, Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of the Opiumand Narcotic Drug Act Incest Others Against the person and reputation Carpal knowledge Manslaughter Murder Rape Others a 4 Against rights and property 1, Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences and fraud Forgery ' 1 3 Uttering forged document, and attempt Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while arined Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money Against the defence of Canada regulations- In Canada 3

115 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 113 TABLE 32. WEEKLY EARNINGS WFIEN LAST EMPLOYED BY COUNJUGAL CONDITION Total Weekly earnings Single Married Widowed Divorced Number Percentage Total 1, Under $5 and under $10 and under $15 and under $ $20 and under $30 and under $ and under $50 and under $75 and over Never worked Own account TABLE 33. EMPLOYMENT PRIOR TO COMMITMENT BY CONJUGAL CONDITION Employment prior to commitment Number Total Percentage Single Married Widowed Divorced Total 1, Employed Student Never worked Total unemployed Under 3 months and under 6 months and under 12 months and under 2 years and under 3 years years and over Not stated

116 - TABLE 34. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD Previously committed to No. Gaol, Nature of offence Total previous Total Reform- Peni- Gaol and Gaol and ' Reform- Reformcommit- ato and. Gaol only atory tentiary Reform- Peni- ry Cory and - ments only only atory tentiary tenpteini- Peni-. ary tentiary Total 1, , Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act Incest Others 4S Against the person and reputation Carnal Lmowledge Manslaughter s 1 1 Murder Rape Others S Against rights and property 1, Brealdng, entering and theft ' Breaking and entering veith intent False pretences and fraud Forgery Uttering forged document and attempt Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence IS 1 3 Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money 3 1 I 1 Against the defence of Canada regulations- - In Canada ' DEPA R TMENT OF JUSTICE

117 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 115 TABLE U.-PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS BY TIME SERVED Under Previous commitments Total 1 month 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 3 and 5 and 10 under under under under under under under years and months months months years years years years over Total with previous commit- ments 1, One Two Three your Five Six to ten Eleven to fifteen Sixteen to twenty Over twenty TABLE 35.-PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS Number of persona Number Previous commitments with previous of Gaol commitments Commitments Number Percentage Nuraber Percentage Reformatory Penitentiary Total with previous commitments 1, , One Two Three Four Five Six to t,en Eleven to fifteen Sixteen to twenty Over twenty TABLE 37.-TIME SERVED ON PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS Number of persons Number of Time served on Reforma- Peniten. with previous previous Gaol previous commitments tory tiary commitments Commitments Number Percentage Number Percentage Total with previous commitmente 1, , Under one month & and under 3 months land under 6 months and under 12 months and under 2 years and tinder 3 years and under 5 years Sand under 10 years years end over

118 TABLE 38. PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS BY EMPLOYMENT PRIOR TO COMMITMENT -à. Period of unemployment. Previou A commitments Total Era" Student Never Total Under 3 and 6 and, land 2 and ployed worked une,._ 3 un der under under under 3 years and ployid months months months years years over Not stated Total with previous commitments 1, One Two I 5 Three Four Five Six to ten Eleven te fifteen Sixteen to twenty Over twenty TABLE 39. PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD BY RESIDENCE AND EMPLOYMENT PRIOR TO COMMITMEN'T Rural Urban Not stated Previously committed to Total Employed Unemployed Total Em- Unem- Total Em" Unem- Total Em- Unemployed ployed ployed ployed ployed ployed RDIL LS'Ilf diolln3111.wcidi Total with previous commitments 1, Gaol only III ' Reformatory only Penitentiary only Gaol and Reformatory Gaol and Penitentiary Reformatory and Penitentiary Gaol, reformatory and penitentiary

119 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 117 TABLE 40. PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS BY NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS Previous commitments Total No Total Number of dependents depen_ with Eight n dents aependents One Two Three Foui Five Six Seven to s'''' ten ten Total with previous commitments 1, One s Two Three Four Five Six to ten Eleven to fifteen a Sixteen to twenty Over twenty TABLE 41. PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD BY NUMBER OF COMMITMENTS Previously committed to Total with previous commit- One mente Number of commitments Two Three Four Five Six to ton Eleven to fifteen Sixteen to twenty Over twenty Total with previous commitments Gaol only Reformatory only Penitentiary only 1, Gaol and reformatory Gaol and penitentiary Reformatory and penitentiary Gaol, reformatory and panitentiarv TABLE 42. PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD BY NON-PENAL INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY Previously committed to Total No previous Total with Previously inmate of non-penal previous Institutional non-penal Mental Tuber- Any other history insteutional hospital culosis non penal history sanatorium institution Total with previous commitments 1,220 1, Gaol only Reformatory only Penitentiary only Gaol and reformatory Gaol and penitentiary Reformatory and penitentiary Gaol, reformatory and penitentiary

120 118 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLE 43. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY SOCIAL HABITS Non-drug addict Drug addict In- Nature of offence Total Absti- Teal- tern- In- Innent ate Patio. Total Abstinew per- 'al. tom - Absti- Tern" tomner- Total nent Per" nor- ' ate -ate ate âte Total 1, , , , Against public order and peace Against the administration of lave and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act Incest Others Against the person and reputation * Carnal knowledge Manslaughter Murder Rape Others Against rights and ProPertY 1, , Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences and fraud Forgery Uttering forged document, and attempt Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counter-. feit money Against the defence of Canada regulations. In Canada ' TABLE 44. PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS BY SOCIAL HABITS Previous commitments Total Absti- Ternnent eat er-,-,, m In- In- m- Total Anbsti- ' eer- * tern" Total Absti- Tom" temper- ent pate per- ent per perate ate at,e Total with previcus commitments 1, , One " Two Three a 1 2 Four Five Six to ten Eleven to fifteen à Sixteen to twenty Over twenty

121 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 119 TABLE 45. PHYSICAL DEFECTS BY MENTAL CLASSIFICATION Physical defects Total Normal Subnormal Number Percentage Total 1, , No physical defects 1, , Total with physical defects Organic Defective eyesight Defective hearing Defective speech Deformed One-armed One-legged Mutilated hand Mutilated foot (lame) Hernia o TABLE 46. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY MENTAL CLASSIFICATION Nature of offence Total Normal Subnormal Total...,, 1,547 1, Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act Incest Others Against the person and reputation '8 Carnal knowledge Manslaughter Murder 2 2 Rape Others Against rights and property 1,221 1, Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences and fraud Forgery Uttering forged document and attempt Receiving and retaining stolen property ' Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money Against the defence of Canada regulations- In Canada 3 3

122 TABLE 47.-RACIAL ORIGIN BY RELIGION E X 0..2 >à "e '8..Z.z S a e 4 `8 e.e.,, -.à -.. '.1 g Racial origin a,..z 0 a c, 6..E. 0 :E. g. ô 0.5: E E È '..5 -u.1,:l >, a 1'1..E1.. a; 8 -g.> a * E e :.9. î lel f ''' em e.5 gt, 11. = "«.' -4., Total 1, English Irish Scottish Welsh French Austrian Belgian 4 4 Bulgarian Czech and Slovak Danish Netherlander Finnish German Greek Hungarian Icelandic 1 1 Italian logo-slavic Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Roumanian Russian Swedish ULuninian Hebrew Spanish 1 1 Portugese.. Chinese Japanese 1 / Hindu Armenian Syrian Turkish Negro Memcan 11'.1 f breed Phillipino North Ammican Indian , ffo LL gill él0 LLNUML UVcIAI

123 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 121 TABLES FEMALE CONVICTS ADMITTED TABLE 48. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY AGE ON ADMISSION Nature of offence Total years years years years years years years years and over Total 37 1 G Abduction 1 1 Arson Breach of Child Protection Act Breach of Opium and Drug Act Conspiracy False pretences and fraud 1 1 Forgery Manslaughter Robbery while armed 1 1 Taking part in an affray Theft Theft of automobile 1 1 TABLE 49. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY TERM OF SENTENCE,. 2 years Nature of offence Total 2 years al and 3 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years years years Yeus fine Life Total Abducation 1 1 Arson Breach of Child Protection Act 2 2 Breach of Opium and Drug Act Conspiracy False Pretence and Fraud... I 1 Forgery Manslaughter Robbery while armed 1 1 Taking part in an affray Theft Theft of automobile 1 1 TABLE 50. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY CONJUGAL CONDITION AND SOCIAL HABITS Nature of offence Total Conjugal condition Single luarried Widowed Divorced Total Abstinent Use of alcohol and drugs Temperate Intemperate Use of Drugs Total Abduction Arson Breach of Child Protection Act Breach of Opium and Drug Act Conspiracy False pretences and fraud Forgery Manslaughter Robbery while armed Taking part in an affray Theft Theft of automobile O

124 122 DEPARTMENT OP JUSTICE TABLE 51. RACIAL ORIGIN BY BIRTHPLACE AND CITIZENSHIP Racial origin Total Canada Birthplace United States Russia Total Citizenship of foreign born Canadian American Russian Total English Irish Scottish French Russian Norwegian Spanish Polish TABLE 52. RACIAL ORIGIN BY RELIGION Racial origin Total Anglican Doukhobor Lutheran Pesb trei r ar alotile geit ureà. Tote English Irish Scottish French Russian Norwegian 1 1 Spanish 1 1 Polish 1 1 TABLE 53. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD. No Reform- Gaol, Number revious Reform- Peni- Gaol and Goal and matory Reforra- of Nature of offence Total P Commit- Gaol atory' tentiary Reform- ' Peni- and story and previous mente atory tentiary Peni- Peni- committentiary tentiary mente Total Abduction Arson Breach of Child Pro-' tection Act 2 2 Breach of Opium and Drug Act Conspiracy False pretences and fraud Forgery Manslaughter Robbery while armed 1 1 Taking part in an affray Theft Theft of automobile

125 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 123 TABLE 54. AGE ON ADMISSION BY AGE ON DISCHARGE Under Age on admission Total 16 Years years Years years years years years years years years years years years years and over Total 1, Under 16 years years years years years years to 25 years to 29 years to 34 years to 39 years to 49 years to 59 years to 69 years years and over 4 4 TABLE 55. METHOD OF RELEASE BY PENITENTIARIES Method of release Total Dor- St. Vincent Kingston Collin's Manitoba Saskat- British chester de Paul Bay chewan Columbia Total 1, Expiration 1, Ticket-of-leave Deported Pardoned Unconditionally released 2 1 s 1 Died Released to provincial authority. ' Released on Court order 1 1 Transferred to Mental Hospital Released on order of military authorities 1 1

126 Ri TABLE 56. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY TIME SERVED Under 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 and 6 and 7 and 10 and 15 and 20 years Nature of offence Total 1 under under under under under under under under under and year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 10 years 15 years 20 years over. Total 1, Against public order and peace Against the administration of law and justice Againat morals and public convenience Breach of Opium and Narcotic Drug Act Incest All other offences Against the person and reputation i Carnal knowledge Manslaughter Murder Murder attempt Rape All other off ences Against rights and property. 1, Brealdng, entering and theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences Forgery Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft ' Automobile theft , 6 All other offences Bank notes and counterfeiting 2 2 Against the defence of Canada regulations. =.4

127 TABLE 57. MAIN OCCUPATION WHILE SERVING SENTENCE BY TIME SERVED Occupation Total Under 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 and 6 and 7 and 10 and 15 and 20 yeaxs 1 under under under under under under under under under and year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 10 years 15 years 20 years over, Total 1, Agriculture Farm labourers Gardeners Others 1 1 Clerical Bookkeepers Library workers Others Skilled labour Barbers Printers, binders Blacksmiths Butchers 1 1 Canvas workers Carpenters Cooks Electricians Machinists Masons, bricklayers Painters, plasterers Plumbers Quarrymen Shoemakers Stationary engineers Tailors Tinsmiths Unskilled labour Change room workers Cleaners Garage workers Hospital orderlies Kitchen workers General labourers Laundry workers 5 5 Truck drivers Others None (hospital patients) I h=.1 t/2 t

128 126 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLES FEMALE CONVICTS RELEASED TABLE 58. AGE ON ADMISSION BY AGE ON DISCHARGE ' Age on admission Total years years years years years years years years 16 years. Total lit 20 years to 24 years to 29 year's to 34 years to 39 years to 49 years to 59 Years TABLE 59. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY TIME SERVED Under 1 and 2 and 3 and Nature of offence Total 1 under under under year 2 years 3 years 4 years Total Manslaughter 3 3 Breach of the Opium and Drug Act Theft Ticket-of-leave-violator 1 1 Forgery 1 1 Breaking, entering and theft 1 1 Escape from lawful custody 1 1 False pretence s. and fraud 1 1 Robbery and theft with/violence 2 2 Abortion 1 TABLE 60. METHOD OF DISCHARGE BY TIME SERVED Under 1 and 2 and 3 and Method of discharge Total 1 under under under year 2 years 3 years 4 years. Total Expiration of sentence Ticket-of-leave

129 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 127 TABLES ADMISSIONS 20 YEARS AND UNDER TABLE 61. AGE ON ADMISSION BY PENITENTIARY Age on admission Total Doi, chester St. Vine nt de Paul P e King- Collin's Mani- Saskatst n Bay toba chewan British Columbia Total Under 16 years years years years years years TABLE 62. AGE ON ADMISSION BY DEGREE OF EDUCATION on admission Total None Reads only Common School School High University Age Total Under 16 years years years yea.rs years years TABLE 63. AGE ON ADMISSION BY CONJUGAL CONDITION Age on admission Total Single Married Widowed Divorced Total Under 16 years years years years years years

130 128 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TABLES ADMISSiONS 20 YEARS AND UNDER TABLE 64. AGE ON ADMISSION BY NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS Age on admission Total pen No à de- One Two Three. Pour Five Six Seven egth ent O zer n Total (minore) Under 16 years years years years years year's TABLE 65. AGE ON ADMISSION BY EMPLOYMENT PRIOR TO COMMITMEN;P Age of admission Total ployed Ern- Total Under 3 and Sand land 2 and.,,,,.,, Stud t Never unem- 3 uner d uner d uner d uner d " and e`a`" Not 66 worked ployed months over stated months months years years Total (rainors) Under 16 years years years years years years TABLE 66. OCCUPATION PRIOR TO OFFENCE BY AGE ON ADMISSION Under Occupation Total 16 years years years years years years Total (Minors) Agriculture Fishing, hunting and trapping 1 1 Logging Mining 1 1 Manufacturing Building and construction a Transportation and communication Commercial Public administration Professional 1 1 Entertainment and sport 4 ' 2 2 Personal service Clerical Unskilled workers Students Never worked Unemployed

131 REPORT OF THE, SUPERINTENDENT OF PENITENTIARIES 129 ' TABLES ADMISSIONS 20 YEARS AND UNDER TABLE 67. NATURE OF OFFENCE BY AGE ON ADMISSION Under Nature of offence Total 16 years years years years years years Total (minors) Against public order and peace 1 1 Against the administration of law and justice Against morals and public convenience Breach of Opium and Drug Act Incest Others Against the person and reputation Carnal knowledge Manslaughter 2 2 Murder 1 1 Rape Others Against rights and property Breaking, entering and theft Breaking and entering with intent False pretences and fraud 1 1 Forgery Uttering forged documents and attempt Receiving and retaining stolen property Robbery and theft with violence Robbery while armed Theft Theft of automobile Others Relating to bank notes and counterfeit money Against the defence of Canada regulations.. TABLE 68. AGE OF MINORS ON ADMISSION BY TYPE OF SENTENCE Age on admission g È â 'r. ci '1;14 à *I:, tg ?, ''' F, '5, P,,g VA Ê Id? R. F',. g ga. 8 el t o d U C.) ' d i. (.) ei> Total (minors) Under 10 years years years years years years ,

132 130 DEPARTME.NT OF JUSTICE TABLES ADMISSIONS 20 YEARS AND UNDER TABLE O. TYPE OF SENTENCE FOR MINORS BY PENITENTIARIES Type of sentence Total Dorchester St. Vincent de Paul Ring- Collins Mani- Saskat- British teen Bay toba chewan Columbia Total (minors) Simple Simple with lashes Concurrent Concurrent with lashes i Consecutive Consecutive with hoshes Concurrent and Cœu3ecutive Concurrent and Consecutive with lashes Simple with fine Concurrent with fine 1 1 Remanet Romanet with sentence 1 1 Age on admission TABLE 70. AGE ON ADMISSION BY PREVIOUS PENAL RECORD S e e,,,, ià el»g, e g b 4 5 Lgi,.s..5..->.:-.,f, gg,,,,, g RA 1,Ë,m,à n '-d. 0.*.., 8 'ZI ,,.., i g's e Pre -E.,. p. c9, â E`-' e c 3 a a a 1:4 0 Total (minors) Under 16 years years years years years years TABLE 71. AGE ON ADMISSION BY NUMBER OF PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS AND PLACE SERVED P.g 11. i, H.,>.? -.F., c, * 0 S fl s 7,. e' '...`à t g K 0 i., El Age on admission P.:. *_d.b cu. S Pi e z 6' Total Under 16 years years years years years ' years

133 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PEeTITENTIARIES 131 TABLES ADMISSIONS 20 YEARS AND UNDER TABLE 72. NUMBER OF PREVIOUS COMMITMENTS BY AGE ON ADMISSION, TIME AND PLACE SERVED 1 U n d and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 3 and 5 and Age on admission Total 1 er under under under under under under under mont h months months months years years years years Total number of previous commitments Number of previous commitments to gaol Under 16 years 16 years years years years years Number of previous commitments to reformatory Under 16 years jeers years " 7 * years years years Number of previous commitments to penitentiary Under 10 years years 17 years 18 years years years

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