William Worn, AIA, LEED AP, EDAC (c)

Transcription

1 Spring 2017 ARCH 576: Critical Issues in Contemporary Healthcare Architecture School of Architecture University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign The Chicago Studio: Health and the City Professor: Contacts : William Worn, AIA, LEED AP, EDAC billw@wjwarchitecture.com (c) Class: Site visits: Tuesday 10:00 AM 11:50 AM (seminar) Wednesday 900 AM- 11:50 AM (site visits), Introduction The modern hospital is arguably the most complex and costly building type in existence today. Since 2010 three new hospital projects were completed in Chicago, each at a cost of more than one billion dollars. Hospitals are more and more becoming small cities, ever larger and more comprehensive. The result of this progression is often torturous, sprawling, anti-urban in character with no clear face, center or periphery. It is the intent of this course to become aware of the vectors that have created the modern hospital. Specifically, the historical progression of how they came into being; what the decision-making processes were that drove their creation; and the concepts, values and ideologies involved. Architects from leading healthcare architecture firms will visit the course and contribute to the investigation and discussion. Part I: The Culture of Hospitals (Weeks 1-4) Part II: Illness and Health (Weeks 5-9) Part III: Imaging and the Body (Weeks 10-11) Part IV: The City and the Hospital (Weeks 12-15) Rationale Healthcare and healthcare architecture have entered a period of radical transformation. These transformations are: led by advances in technologies; humbled by the emergence of antibiotic resistant infections; faced with the uncertainties of climate change; buffeted by rising costs; and forced to create new paradigms for the delivery of healthcare. This seminar will introduce students to the issues, vocabulary, and domains of contemporary healthcare architecture at an advanced and detailed level. This seminar is designed for students wishing to expand their knowledge of healthcare architecture and to prepare for possible careers in healthcare architecture. Required text: Cohen, Uriel and Allison, David. Critical Issues in Healthcare Environments. The Center for Health Design Research Coalition

2 . Suggested Texts and Sources: The stakeholders Patients Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. Health Data Interactive. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths, Percent of Total Deaths, and Death Rates for the 15 Leading Causes of Death in 10-year Age Groups, by Race and Sex: United States, Providers Kaiser Family Foundation. Providers & Service Use. Institute of Medicine. The Mental Health and Substance Use Workforce for Older Adults: In Whose Hands? Report brief, July Substance-Use-Workforce-for-Older-Adults/MHSU_olderadults_RB_FINAL.pdf Institute of Medicine. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Report brief, October Nursing/Future%20of%20Nursing%202010%20Report%20Brief.pdf Institute of Medicine. Retooling for an Aging America: Building the Healthcare Workforce. Report brief, April an-aging-america-building-the-health-care- Workforce/ReportBriefRetoolingforanAgingAmericaBuildingtheHealthCareWorkforce.pdf Payers Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. National Health Expenditure Data: Historical. Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NationalHealthAccountsHistorical.html Schoen C, Lippa J, Collins S, Radley D. State Trends in Premiums and Deductibles, : Eroding Protection and Rising Costs Underscore Need for Action. premiums/1648_schoen_state_trends_premiums_deductibles_2003_2011_1210.pdf National Academy for State Health Policy ( ) State Health Facts (from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation) ( ) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ( ) Hospital Compare (compare hospitals regarding measures of quality) ( ) Leapfrog Group (consortium of employers focusing on provider quality) ( ) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ( ) Veterans Health Affairs ( ) National Center for Quality Assurance HEDIS measures ( ) America's Health Insurance Plans ( ) Institute for Healthcare Improvement ( ) Public health World Health Organization. World Health Statistics

3 American Public Health Association and Public Health Foundation. Performance Measurement for Public Health Policy. FEFDCFFE1A20/0/PolicyPerformanceMeasurementTool_FINAL_ pdf Interactions of the 4 Main Players Institute of Medicine. Primary Care and Public Health: Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health. Report brief, March Health/Primary%20Care%20and%20Public%20Health_Revised%20RB_FINAL.pdf Rudolph L, Caplan J, Mitchell C, Ben-Moshe K, Dillon L. Health in All Policies: Improving Health Through Intersectoral Collaboration. IOM Roundtable on Population Health Improvement. Suggested texts and resources: Domains Hospitals Cor Wagenaar (ed.), Abram de Swaan, Stephen Verderber, Charles Jencks, Aaron Betsky, Roger Ulrich et al. The Architecture of Hospitals. Rotterdam, NL: NAi Publishers, Verderber, Stephen. Innovations in Hospital Architecture. New York and London: Routledge, Wallenstein, Sven-Olov. Bio-politics and the Emergence of Modern Architecture. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009 Verderber, Stephen. Healthcare Architecture in an Era of Radical Transformation. New Haven: Yale University Press, Adams, Annmarie. Medicine by Design: the Architect and the Modern Hospital, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, Hamilton, Kirk and Shepley, Mardelle. Design for Critical Care: An Evidence Based Design Approach. Elsevier Architectural Press, Boston, Kobus, Richard et al. Building Type Basics for Healthcare Facilities. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, Thompson, John and Goldin, Grace. The Hospital: A Social and Architectural History. Yale University Press, New Haven CN, Nickl-Weller, Christine and Nickl, Hans (editors). Hospital Architecture + Design. Braun Publishing AG, Yee, Roger. Healthcare Spaces 4. Visual Reference Publications Inc., New York, NY, Lister, Eric, and Todd Sagin. Creating the Hospital Group Practice. Chicago: Health Administration Press, Ackernecht, Erwin. A Short History of Medicine. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD Healthy Community Design Dannenberg, Andrew, Frumkin, Howard (eds.). Making Healthy Places. Island Press, Corburn, Jason. Toward the Healthy City: people, places and the politics of urban planning. MIT Press, Frumkin, Howard and Frank, Lawrence. Urban Sprawl and Public Health: designing, planning and building for health communities. Island Press, Frank, Lawrence and Engelke, Peter. Health and Community Design. Island Press Haynes, Patricia and Lopez, Russ. Urban Health: Readings in the social, built and physical environments of US cities. Jones and Bartlett Publishers Rothblum, Esther and Solovay, Sondra (eds.). The Fat Studies Reader. New York University 3

4 Press Pearce, James and Witten, Karen (eds.). Geographies of Obesity. Ashgate Publishing Company Lake, Amelia and Townshend (eds.). Obesogenic Environments: complexities, perceptions and objective measures. Wiley Blackwell Publishers Hoffman, John and Salerno, Judith. The Weight of the Nation. St. Martin s Press Schedule and Assignments Part I The Culture of Hospitals (Weeks 1-4) Week 1 What is healthcare and where is it delivered? The US Healthcare System : Introduction to the Domains and the Stakeholders Week 2 What is a hospital: A Short History of Hospital Architecture What is progress in healthcare? What metrics can be used to determine progress? What is healing? What is health? Week 3 The Birth of the Clinic: The Gaze and Patient Centered Care Week 4 The Failure of Architecture in the Realm of Medicine Part II - Illness and Architecture (Weeks 5-9) Week 5 Therapeutic landscapes: nature and the healing process Week 6 Theories of illness: Efficiency and Healing. Healthcare architecture in a post-antibiotic world Week 7 Can there be sustainable healthcare? Week 8 Healthcare Access in Developing Nations: One Health Part III Imaging and the Body (Weeks 10-11) Week 9 The Transparent Body Week 10 4

5 The convergence of surgery and imaging: The hybrid OR The place of robots in the surgical suite Part IV The City and the Hospital (Weeks 11-15) Deliverables Week 11 Can Hospitals be Re-urbanized? Week 12 Teaching Hospitals as Urban Form Week 13 The birth of the Medical Home: the Accountable Care Act and the ED crisis Week 14 Healthcare and Resiliency: Healthcare architecture and disaster response 1. Contemporary Issues Journal Students will maintain a written and graphic Journal that relates course content to contemporary issues and problems. Students will be assigned readings in current newspapers, blogs, online sites or other media. The student shall briefly summarize the reading and comment on the relationship between the reading and issues addressed during class. Respond to the reading and online comments. These entries are to reveal the relevance of the course to life outside the academy. The Journal may be in digital or analog format. Example readings: Denmark Introduces World s First Food Fat Tax. BBC. October 1, Intervention Based on evidence created during the semester in Debates, Contemporary Issues Journal and readings, the student will propose an Intervention for one healthcare domain. The Intervention is intended to address issues of critical to that domain. The Intervention may be architectural, policy or planning based. The Intervention will not be designed, simply proposed. The proposal will use evidence displays to argue for the adoption of the intervention by the cities. 3. Site visit journal Students will visit a variety of sites where healthcare and population health are addressed. Students will maintain a written/ sketch record of each of these visits. The journal will connect readings, lectures and class discussions with the sites visited. Assignments and Grading Site visit journal (40%) Intervention (20%) 5

6 Contemporary Issues Journal (20%) Participation (20%) Grading Site visit Journal (0-40 points) 0: no Journal 10: below average 20: average 30: above average 40: excellent Intervention (0-20 points) 0: no proposal 5: below average 10: average 15: above average 20: excellent Contemporary Issues Journal (0-20 points) 0: no Journal 5: below average 10: average 15: above average 20: excellent Participation in discussion (0-20 points) 0: never 5: sometimes 10: often 15: always 20: insightful contributor Course Grade = A = B = C = D 6