A STUDY ON WOMEN ENTERPRENEURESHIP PROBLEMS AND SCHEMES IN INDIA

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Maurice Caldwell
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1 A STUDY ON WOMEN ENTERPRENEURESHIP PROBLEMS AND SCHEMES IN INDIA Sujatha 1, Br Sreekanth 2, K.Snehapriya 3, S.Sartaz 4 1 Asst.Prof, Department of Management, Gates Institute of Technology, Gooty, A.P 2,3,4 P.G Student, Department of Management Studies, Gates Institute of Technology, Gooty, A.P ABSTRACT Women Entrepreneurship is gaining importance in the wake of economic liberalization and globalization. The women entrepreneurship development among women is an important avenue. Through which women can overcome their subordination with in the family and the society as a whole.therefore, empowering women through entrepreneurial development programs and government schemes are received special attention by policy makers. The government has realized the importance of women entrepreneurship. As result, the government of India has introduced national skill training, vocational education and entrepreneurship development to theemerging workforce. However, entrepreneurship development and skill training is not the only responsibility of government and therefore other stakeholders need to should the responsibility. Scriptures, women has been described as the embodiment of Shakhti. But in real life she is treated as Ablawomen s are leavings the workforce in droves in favour of being at home. Not to be a home maker, but as job making entrepreneurs the increasing presence of women in the business field as entrepreneur has changed the demographic characteristics of business and economic growth of the country. Women owned business enterprises are playing a more active role in society and the economy inspires academics to focus on this interesting phenomenon. This paper focuses on the problems, remedies, schemes to the women entrepreneurs. How to overcome them and to analyses policies of Indian government as well as schemes and problems faced by them while pursuing their business. Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Skill Training, Vocational Education, Emerging Workforce I. INTRODUCTION A Quiet revolution is taking shape right now, among women. Unlike the quiet revolution that began the 1970& which sawof women leave the home and enter the workforce in droves, women today are leaving the workforce in droves in favour of being at home. But unlike generations of women before, these women are opting to work in the home not as homemakers but job-making entrepreneurs since the turn of the century, the status of women in India has be changing due to growing industrialization globalization and social legislation, with the spread of education and awareness, women have shifted from kitchen to higher level of professional activities. Entrepreneurship has been a male dominated phenomenon from the very early age, but time has changed the situation and brought women as todays memorable and inspirational entrepreneurs. In almost all the developed countries in the world women are putting their steps at par with the men in the field lf business P a g e

2 Now a days women enter not only in selected professional but also in profession like trade, industry and engineering, aviation etc. Women are also willing to take up business and contribute to be nations growth. There role is also being recognized and steps are being taken to promote women entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurship must molded properly with entrepreneurship nuerial traits and skills to meet the changes in trends, challenges global markets and also be competent enough to sustain and strive for excellence in the entrepreneurial arena Women Entrepreneurs Women entrepreneurship is the function of establishing enterprises by the women as entrepreneurs. In the modern liberalizedworld. Womenentrepreneurs are play to very significant role in business development. Women entrepreneurship is based on purposeful and systematic innovation. Women entrepreneurship may be defined as the women or a group of women who takes initiatives to step. Set up s business enterprise and to rukn it smoothly. Defination Women entrepreneur is a person who accept challenging role to meet her personal need and become economically independent. According to pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, women move forward, the family move, the village moves and nation moves. Review of literature 1.In review of entrepreneur of women s occupying the pivotal role in conceptualizing, operational zing and sustain the enterprise, The review of literature presented below The women entrepreneurship training and development of women entrepreneurship with the help of EDP. II. NAGESH AND MURTHY (2008) Conducted a study on the effectiveness of women entrepreneurship development programmes, the aim of study was to evaluation the need and important of training for women entrepreneurship. The study identifies the areas of improvements practical exposure to contemporary business. Meeting the successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs to understand the causes for the success and failure of business. Dr.VEENA K.P AND Dr.C.MAHENDERA MURTHY Learning is a continues process, training (EDP s) adds depth to this continuous process women entrepreneurship should become a centripetal force as well as centrifugal force in the strategy of development of economy training in entrepreneurship will go a long way in averting the socio economic problems of india and it also enhance the women empowerment through entrepreneurship. III. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To Study the problems are facing by women entrepreneurs To Study the government scheme for enhancing women entrepreneurship To Highlight the concept of EDP S in general and women entrepreneurship. To understand the various training programmes available for women entrepreneurship 1057 P a g e

3 IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This is an Conceptual Study based on the Secondary data source. The Secondary data is used to high light the conceptual analysis and review of literature. The sources of secondary data for the study were the reports of the women entrepreneurship and EDP s in India. In addition to those books articles, journals. These submitted to the universities were also referred. The internet has also been extensively made use for the purpose of study V. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: The women entrepreneurship are having different kinds of characteristic while they are doing or enter in to business world.they are imagination approach and original ideas with competitive market well panned approach is needed to examine the existing situation and to identifythe entrepreneurial opportunities The enterprising women have for there ability to held work the imaginative ideas have to come to fair play hard work is play a prominent role and needed to build up a enterprise Even the desire refers to the willingness to take risk and ability to the proficiency in planning making forecast estimates and calculation profits are the rewards of risk enterprise women take risk but the risk as well calculation it refer the challenges where chances of survival and failure are on equal footing Entrepreneurs should possess the quality of leadership leadership is quality ability to exelt interpersonal influence by means of communication toward the achievement of goal entrepreneurs as the leaders should provide the necessary spark to motivation by guiding inspiring assisring and directing the members of the group for achievement of unity of action effort and purpose. PROBLEM OF WOMEN ENTERPRENUERS IN INDIAN: Women in Indian faced many problem to get ahead their life in business women entrepreneurs face many problems in their efforts to develop their enterprise they are several problems faced by women at various stages being from their initial commencement of enterprise majorly there are 8impartant problem are there to the women entrepreneurs some of the problems faced by women entrepreneurs are as follows PROBLEM OF FINANCE: Finance is regarded as life blood for any enterprise be it big or big or small any however women entrepreneurs suffer from storage of finance on two counts Firstly women do not generally have property on their names to use them as collateral for obtaining funds from external sources.second the banks also considers women less credit worthy and discourage women borrowers on the belief that they can at any time leave their business given such situation women entrepreneurs are bound to rely on their own savings if any and loans from friends and relatives who are expectedlymaagel and negligible thus women enterprises fail due to the shortage of financial SCARCITY OF RAW MATERIAL : Most of the enterprisers are plallged by the scarcity of raw material and necessary inputs added to this are the high prices of raw material on the one hand and getting raw material at the minimum of discount on the others STIFF COMPETITION Most of the women entrepreneurs do not have organizational set up to pump in a lot of money for canvassing and advertisement. Thus, they have a face a stiff competition for marketing their producers P a g e

4 LIMITED MOBILITY Unlike men, women mobility in Indian is highly limited due to various reasons. A single women asking for room is still looking upon suspicion. FAMILY TIES In India, it is a main women duty to look after the children &other members of the family. Man plays a secondary role only. In can of married women, she has to stike of fine balance between her business and family. Support and approval of husbands scem necessary condition for women s Entry into business. Accordingly, the educational level & family background of husbands positively influence women s entry in to business activities LACK OF EDUCATION: In India still around three-fifty of (60%)of women s are illiterate. Illiteracy is the root cause of socio-economic problems. Due to lack of education and that too qualitative education,women are not aware of business. 7.male dominated society Male chauvison is still the order of the day in India. The constitution of India speaks of quality between sexes. But in practice, women are looked upon as abla, i.e weak in all respects.women suffers from male resurvationabout a womens role,ability and capacity and are treated accordingly. 8.low risk baring ability: Women in India lead to a protected life. Theory are less educated and economically not self-dependent. All these reduce their ability to bear risk involved in running enterprise. Risk baring is an essential requisite of a successful entrepreneur. Remedial measures for women entrepreneurs: In order to promote women entrepreneurship, the following measures have to be made at different level of the economy. Vocational education: The first measures would be to provide education, particularly vocational and technical education to girls. The curriculum should be restricted to include accountancy,management, computer science, small scale industry, entrepreneurial development etc. Entrepreneurial motivation at school level: The girls at the school level should be inspired to adopt entrepreneurship. Generally women dream to become job seek as rather than job makers. To motivate the women, a co-ordinated effort should be made among the educational institutions, governments, departments, and the business world. Accessibility to information: All possible access to information should be provided for women entrepreneurs.governments agencies, association of women entrepreneurs, NGO S and universities should assume responsibilities in this world. 100 % finance Banks and financial institutions should offers 100 percentage loans with out collateral security to qualified technocarts. Similarly term loans anda working capital loans should be sanctioned liberally on different terms. Simple formalities: 1059 P a g e

5 Efforts should be made to simplify the procedures, formalities, rules and regulations etc. In matters regarding registration and getting assistance from different departments and governments agencies. Access to technology: Access to technology is low for women entrepreneur. Due to lack of finance information they cannot have proper tools and equipments to improve the products. Separate publication: Separate publication should be brought out and distributed to women entrepreneurs on subsidies and subsidies rate in order to create awareness and encourage them to avail of the benefits offered to them media should be used to give minimum information for promoting the case of women entrepreneurs. EDP S for women entrepreneurs in India: EDP MEANING: As The term itself denoted EDP IS A Programme meant to develop entrepreneurial abilities among the peoples. In other words, ifrefers to inculcation. Development and polishing of entrepreneurial skills into a person needed to establish and successfully run his/her enterprise. Thus, the concepts of entrepreneurship development programme involves equipping a person with the required skills and knowledge needed for starting and running the enterprise let us also consider a few important definitions of EDP s given by institutions of experts. Small industries extension and training institute (SIET1974),now National Institute of Small industry Extension Training(NISIET),Hyderabad defined EDP s as an attempt to develop a person as entrepreneurs through structural training. the base of entrepreneurship by development achievement motivation and entrepreneurial skills among the less privileged sections of the society. Need for EDP S That entrepreneurs possess certain competencies or traits. These competencies or traits are the underlying characteristics of the entrepreneurs which result in superior performance and which distinguish successful entrepreneurs from the unsuccessful one. Then the important questions arises is where do these traits come from or,whether these traits are in born in the entrepreneur users or can be induced and developed. In the entrepreneurs are born or made Till now 12 states governments are have established state_levelcentre for entrepreneurship development (CED)or institute of entrepreneurship development (IED) to develop entrepreneurship by conducting EDP`s. Today,the EPD in India has proliferated to such a magnitude that it has emerged as a national movement.it is worth mentioning that India operate the oldest and largest programmes for entrepreneurship development in any developing country. Objectives of EDP`s: Develop and strengthen the entrepreneurship quality i.e motivation or need for achievement. Analyse environmental setup relating to small industry and small business. Formulate proposal for the product P a g e

6 Select a product. Understand the process and procedure involved in setting up a small enterprise. Enable to communicate clearly and effectively. Develop a broad vision about the business. Develop passion for integrity and honestly,make him learn compliance with law. Various schemes for women entrepreneurship in India: The MSME(micro small and medium enterprise) ministry has implemented special schemes dedicated towards women entrepreneurship in India.Organizations such as nationalized banks NGOO`s,small industries development corporations of various states etc are carrying out programmes such as entrepreneurship development programmes to meet the financial needs of potential women entrepreneurs who take required education and skills. Some of the loan subsidy schemes introduced by the India government are: TREAD subsidy schemes for womentread stands for Trade Related EntrepreneurshipAssistance and development,it is a schemes introduced under the ministry of micro small and medium enterprises. This scheme offers women 30% subsidy on the total cost of the project. The project cost is assessed by lending institutions who provides the remaining loan assistances.this scheme is mainly for women who are unable to get any help from banks as they are either underprivileged, uneducated, or semi literate.this subsidy is only approved if the loan request is directed through the NGO. BharatiyaMahila Bank: BharatiyaMahila Bank was started in 2013 and is spread all across the country. The main focus of the bank is to help women who are discriminated by the society, underprivileged, economically helpless,yet have a dream of starting their own business. Some of the popular loan offered by BharatiyaMahila Bank are. BMB Annapurna It is a loan provided for starting business relayed to food. With zero collateral and a repayment term of up to 3 years,women can get a maximum of Rs.1 crore as loan. It falls under the category of CGTMSE schemes (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises) and is offered at an interest rate of 11.75% (because rate+1.5%) BMB shrinagaraj: This is also a subsidiary free loan that can be availed by women for setting up business such as beauty palours,spas, or salons.the stringar loans also fall under the CGTMSE schemes and can be availed at an interest rate of12.25%(base rate +2) repayment rate period is 7 years. BMB parvarish: It is a collateral free loan for women who plan to open a day case center. Under the CGTMSE schemes,you can avail this loan for up to Rs1crore with a repayment of period 5 years and an interest rate of 12.25(base rate +2%) Mahilaudyamanidhi : Mahilaudyamanidhi is a subsidy schemes introduced by the PuducherryGovernment.women entrepreneurs who want to start a new.ssi unit in Puducherry can apply for this schemes. A seed capital of almost 25% is provided for a project worth of Rs10lakh. Out of the remaining amount 65% is funded in the form of term loan 1061 P a g e

7 and the rest of the 10% is considered to be promotes contribution. Repayment term of this loan is between 6 to 8 years. CONCLUSION Entrepreneurship is presently the most discussed and encouraged concept all over the world to overcome economic challenges. Women being the vital gender of the overall population have great capacity and potential to be the contributor in the overall economic developed of any nation. Independence brought promise of equality of opportunity in all sphere to the India women and laws guaranteeing for their equal rights of participating for equal rights of participation in political process and equal enacted. The majority of them are still unaffected by change and development activities have benefited only a small section of a women i.e the urban middle class women. Women sare willing to take up business and contribute to the nation`s growth. Their role is being recognized and steps are taken promote women entrepreneurship.women entrepreneurs must be molded properly with entrepreneurial traits and skills to meet changing trends and challenging global markets and also be competent enough to sustain and strive to in the local economic area REFERENCES [1.] article library.com [2.] paradise.com [3.] [4.] Women empowerment through EDP`s with reference to rural urban development and self employment training institute mysorecity bydr.veenak.p&drc.mahendra Murthy.ISSN2320_2939(print) 2320_2793 vol.no9jan2015. [5.] Women entrepreneurs in India _emerging isssues and challenges by Dr.Vijaykumar.& and A. Jayachandra.S..Erodearts&sciencecollege,erode,tamilandu,International journal of Devt research vol3,issue 04 pp012_17 April P a g e

Women Entrepreneurs in the Informal Sector in Mayiladuthurai Town A Study

Women Entrepreneurs in the Informal Sector in Mayiladuthurai Town A Study Available online at http://www.ijasrd.org/in International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research & Development Vol. 02, Spl. Iss. 02, Ver. I, Aug 2015, pp. 111 10 e-issn: 2395-6089 p-issn: 2394-8906