Conducting Law Enforcement Engagements
Objectives History and culture of law enforcement Some of the challenges when conducing law enforcement engagements. High liability operations and risk factors unique to law enforcement and their use in a risk assessment model. Copyrignt LDConsultingLLC, All rights reserved 2
History of U.S. Law Enforcement 1600 1700 First full time officers in colonies?
History of U.S. Law Enforcement 1600-1700 September 24, 1789 US Congress First Federal law enforcement officer Thirteen U.S. Marshals appointed by President Washington
History of U.S. Law Enforcement 1800s Oldest statewide law enforcement agency in US?
Eras of American policing The political era The reform era Community policing or problem solving Copyright LDConsulting LLC, All rights reserved
History of U.S. Law Enforcement 1800s Political Era 1838 First U.S Police Department?
History of U.S. Law Enforcement 1845 1800s Political Era 1853 New Orleans Cincinnati
Peelers or Bobbies Why are they called Bobbies?
Reform Era Developed in reaction to political involvement / corruption in law enforcement Early 1900 s Thrived during the 1950's and 1960's, Began to erode during the late 1970's.
1900s American Law Enforcement 1902 Fingerprinting first used 1944 FBI Fingerprint files
1914 Police Cars The first Police Department to have all patrol officers using automobiles.
Famous Federal Agent 1929 Led a group of agents nicknamed "The Untouchables
Reform / Professional era
Body Armor 1974 Police start wearing soft body armor to protect themselves against handgun assaults. Estimated 3,000 + Lives saved https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/r43544.pdf
Community Policing Era Late 1970 s Increase in foot patrols in some communities Walking beats, team policing, neighborhood team policing PAL Police Athletic League DARE Drug Awareness Resistance Education SRO School Resource Officers GREAT Gang Resistance Education and Trainng
US Law Enforcement Today How many law enforcment agencies are there currenlty in the United States? Copyright LDConsultingLLC, all rights reserved
US Law Enforcement Today 18,000 law enforcement agencies in cities and counties Approx. 1 million Law Enforcement personnel in the U.S. Sworn officers nearly 70% Non-sworn aprox. 30% About half (49%) of all agencies employed fewer than 10 full-time officers. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of sworn personnel worked for agencies that employed 100 or more officers http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/csllea08.pdf Copyright LDConsultingLLC, all rights reserved
LE High Risk Areas Patrol Operations Case Management Property and Evidence Misconduct Investigations Detention or Corrections Copyright, LD Consulting LLC, All rights reserved 22
High risk issues in patrol Most visible members of agency Typically most liability claims / payouts Use of Force (UOF) Accidents Misconduct Pursuits Copyright, LD Consulting LLC, All rights reserved 23
High risk issues in Investigations Improper investigative procedures Handling of evidence Documentation / reports / supplements DNA Procedures Case clearance Search and Seizure Outdated policies / procedures Photo lineups Salt Lake City Case Misconduct Copyright, LD Consulting LLC, All rights reserved 24
SVU fails to properly investigate 130+ cases Oct 27, 2017: VIDEO Police chief, city manager outraged' after SAPD SVU fails to properly investigate 130+ cases SAN ANTONIO - Disappointed, appalled and outraged that is how City Manager Sheryl Sculley described her feeling upon hearing that the San Antonio Police Department did not properly properly investigate more than 130 cases assigned to it. At least one of the cases dates back to 2013. A lieutenant and two sergeants from the Special Victims Unit have been transferred from the unit for "failing to properly supervise the unit," Police Chief William McManus said. He said other disciplinary actions "are in the final stages." Sculley has directed the city attorney and deputy city attorney to conduct an independent review of the unit and all cases that were assigned to it. https://www.ksat.com/news/city-manager-outraged-after-sapd-svu-fails-to-properly-investigate-more-than-130-cases Copyright LDConsulting LLC, All rights reserved
Property and Evidence Intake Storage Disposition of property
Property and Evidence Issues Lack of oversight Policies and procedures Not in line with best practices Not followed Tracking system - training Storage of evidence Cold storage requirements Co-mingled property Over capacity Disposition Disposal procedures Property purge
Misconduct Investigations Intake Complaint intake process, IA and Field Tracking / software etc. Investigation Protocol Training Findings Management findings Investigator findings Discipline Matrix Early Intervention System
Detention Issues Intake procedures Medical issues at intake Combative prisoners UOF issues Prisoner property Housing Medical issues meds being provided Suicide In custody death Use of force Prisoner Rape Elimination Act (PREA) Release procedures Improper release
LE Risk Factors Decide on Risk Assessment Criteria/Factors: Budget Considerations Recent Organizational changes New Legislation Public Safety Officer Safety Public Sensitivity/ Perception Political Sensitivity Civil / Criminal Legal Liability Prior Audit / Investigation Misconduct Issues
Key Elements of Consent Decree / MOA Three key elements in all the major DOJ consent decrees and memoranda of understanding are: 1) use of force policies, including the investigation of force incidents 2) Early Intervention System (EIS) 3) Open and accessible citizen complaint process. Copyright LDConsulting LLC, All rights reserved
Oversight Other typical areas of DOJ interest Pursuits Racial profiling/stop data Training IA staffing / citizen complaint process Disciplinary practices Search Seizure
Standards and Best Practices Commission for the Accreditation of Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) Major audit to be conducted for each component of the organization at least once every four years CALEA requires that the Evidence Storage area be audited (staff Inspection) at least once each year Follow-up inspections conducted in a timely manner Copyright LDConsulting LLC, All rights reserved
Current accreditation standards: Commission for the Accreditation of Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) State Police Officers Standards and Training (State POST) State standards Wisconsin Pennsylvania Florida New York New Jersey Georgia Washington State South Caronlina Copyright LDConsultingLLC, all rights reserved
Law Enforcement Policies and Procedures / Best Practices Presidents Task Force Final Report Implementation guide CALEA mandates POST mandates, see previous slide for misc. state links Departmental Operation Orders International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Model policies and procedures NACOLE National Association of Civilian Oversight LE PARC Police Assessment Resource Center Bureau / Division Manuals Phoenix Patrol Division Manual Phoenix PSB Inspections Bureau Manual Copyright LDConsultingLLC, all rights reserved
Comments / Questions Dan Olson Lt. Dan Phone: (602) 510-8481 Email: Dan@LDConsultingLLC.com Linked In: www.linkedin.com/in/lt-dan Copyrignt LDConsultingLLC, All rights reserved 36
Instructor Lt. Dan Dan Olson retired as a Lieutenant with the Phoenix Police Department after 34 years of service. For eleven years Dan supervised the Professional Standards Bureau Inspections Unit. The Unit is responsible for conducting audits for all 29 major bureaus and precincts within the Department in accordance with CALEA. The Unit works closely with the City Auditor on police related audit engagements. The unit is also responsible for conducting special request audit and non-audit reports as well as coordinating the Patrol and Case Management Proactive Inspections programs. During his career Dan has worked several different assignments. As a sergeant and a lieutenant he was assigned to patrol as well as to the Professional Standards Bureau Investigation Unit, where he worked as an investigator for five years. Dan has a Masters degree from Northern Arizona University. Dan is the president of the Law Enforcement Inspections and Auditing Group (LEIAG) and is a Certified Law Enforcement Auditor (CLEA). Dan has been married for 37 years (to the same woman) has three adult children, two grandsons and is an avid mountain biker. Copyrignt LDConsultingLLC, All rights reserved