Accelerator Based Particle Physics going Global What has been done in the past? What should be done in the future? Which challenges need to be met? Albrecht Wagner DESY and Hamburg University 1
HERA in Hamburg The world s most powerful microscope: an electron-proton collider Accelerators were built with help (manpower) and contributions (hardware) of Italy, France, Poland, China Experiments were built by large international collaborations 2
The Large Hadron Collider in Geneva proton-proton collider, under construction in the LEP tunnel (27 km circumference) first collisions in 2007 Accelerator and experiments built with substantial international contributions, well beyond CERN member states CERN as host is an international organisation 3
The Next Step: An Electron-Positron Linear Collider The scientific case: A world-wide consensus has formed for a LC project in which positrons collide with electrons at energies up to 500 GeV, with luminosity above 10 34 cm -2 s -1. The consensus document has been signed by > 2700 scientists from all around the world. Substantial overlap in running with LHC recommended 4
The International Linear Collider as Global Project Many reasons speak for a truly global project: Necessary funding Scientific challenges Political climate concerning basic research Big time gaps between new projects Many steps have been taken in this direction: Scientific consensus Technology choice World-wide organisation of accelerator work World-wide organisation of detector work OECD Funding agencies 5
A Road Map for the Energy Frontier Tevatron HERA LHC? ILC CLIC, Muon collider, other technologies? 2005 2010 2015 2020 6
Meeting the Accelerator Challenges IP Beam Size vs Time Efforts in the US, Asia and Europe and collaborations between the regions -> to meet the outstanding accelerator challenges: 10 9 8 7 σ X σ y 10 9 8 7 1) Proof of principle: SLAC Linear Collider at Stanford Beam Size ( m icrons) 6 5 4 3 SLC Design (σx σy) σ X 6 5 4 3 σ x σ y (m icrons 2 ) New Territory in Accelerator Design and Operation 2 1 σ Y 2 1 Achieving small beam sizes 0 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1996 1998 0 Year 7
More Accelerator Challenges 2) Making tiny beams Emittance = measure for beam size ATF Damping Ring at KEK Laser Wire 8
Developing 3) Developing better accelerators SC RF structures for accelerators were developed in many countries Development of Gradients in superconducting RF cavities 45 40 TESLA el.polish The TESLA collaboration, centred at DESY combined ~ all the world expertise in SC, thus leading to major progress: >25-fold improvement in performance/cost in 10 years Gradient (MV/m) 35 30 25 20 15 TESLA TESLA Major impact on next generation light sources (X-ray lasers), proton accelerators etc. 10 CEBAF World Average 5 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year 9
Building a Prototype Built at DESY in Hamburg with substantial international contributions RF gun accelerator modules collimator undulators Laser bunch compressor bunch compressor 4 MeV 150 MeV 450 MeV 1000 MeV bypass FEL experimental area 10
Start of a Global Design Effort After a decision on the technology: a lot of enthusiasm, willingness to selforganise, and a strong sense of initiative A first workshop in Japan has advanced the global collaboration on well defined work packages Convergence towards a common project 11
Detector Development physics case studied with realistic assumptions for a LC detector detector design is challenging! high statistical power of LC has to be met by high detector resolution World-wide studies are taking place, three detector concepts are emerging 12
Project Timelines 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 2012 2015 ILC CDR GDE process TDR? construction commissioning physics preparation EURO XFEL construction operation 13
A Global Accelerator Network Collaboration of interested accelerator laboratories and institutes world-wide with the goal to build, operate and utilise large new accelerators Follows major detector collaboration in particle physics Partners contribute through components or subsystems Joint operation Examples from science (astronomy ) and industry 14
Steady Progress 2001 Road map discussions in the three regions, leading to a consensus about scientific priorities 2003 Decision by the German Government to move forward on an X-ray (same technology) and to continue the R&D for the ILC in an international context First meetings of the funding agencies Consultative group of OECD 2004 OECD Ministerial Statement supporting the ILC Decision on technology First ILC workshop 2005 ICFA unanimously agrees on candidate for GDE director and starts negotiations This list is incomplete, but illustrates the steady progress 15
Issues to be addressed Which is the best structure for an international projects? How and why should the labs which participate in the construction be involved in the operation? How to guarantee a long term project stability? Does it require a international organisation with treaties? Understand the balance between host and non-host regions When and how should the site choice be made? What can we learn from ITER? 16
Summary The scientific case for a Linear Collider is strong, a world consensus exists on its importance The technology for the LC is well developed Politicians are following the process (technical decision, joint global design, self-organisation,..) The LC will be realised a a truly global project The community in close dialogue with funding agencies and politics - is ready to meet the challenges associated with this global approach. Science has always helped to cross borders, we want to continue along these lines. 17