Air Force Counterproliferation Center Conference Science & Technology for Combating Terrorism Dr. Tom Hopkins 3 May 2002
We will confront weapons of mass destruction, so that a new century is spared new horrors The Defense Threat Reduction Agency, part of America s response to weapons of mass destruction threats 2
Defense Threat Reduction Agency ON-SITE INSPECTION AGENCY Defense Special Weapons Agency On-Site Inspection Agency Defense Technology Security Administration Office of the Secretary of Defense elements D EPART M ENT O F D EFEN SE UN I T ED STAT ES O F AM E RICA Established 1 October 1998 3
DTRA s Programs Help Combat Terrorism Combat Support Agency Combination of operational and technical expertise and experience Programs with multiple applications Program integration and execution Partnership with other organizations 4
DTRA uses a full spectrum of tools to reduce present threat and prepare for future threats Technology Development: Developing, testing and fielding offensive and defensive technologies Combat Support: Assessing vulnerabilities, assuring the nuclear deterrent Chemical and Biological Defense: Assuring operations in hostile environments and consequence management Threat Reduction: Dismantling in place and detecting in the field Arms Control: Inspecting threats at the source and stopping them at the border 5
Technology Development Programs Nuclear Simulation & Assessment Technology Electromagnetic Protection Technology Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Nuclear Phenomenology System Applications Target Defeat WMD Counterforce Demos SOF Support Combating Terrorism Bio Defense Initiative HSBD System Anti-Terrorism Technologies Test & Technical Support Nonproliferation & Arms Control Strategic & Conventional Forces Chemical/Biological Counterproliferation Consequence Assessment Targeting Support Operational Support Technology Information & Notification Support 6
DoD Combating Terrorism Technology Task Force Identify technologies for combating terrorism Accelerate for near, mid, and long-term applications Participants: OSD, Defense Agencies, Services, Joint Staff, Intelligence Community, DOE Working Groups: Deterrence and Indications and Warning (Protection) Survivability and Denial (Prevention) Consequence Management and Recovery (Response) Attribution and Retaliation (Response) Products: Technology Plans Advocacy for near-term accelerations (thermobaric weapons, CALCM penetrators, nuclear quadrapole resonance) 7
Bio Defense Initiative Indications and Warning Early detection and characterization of biological threats Environmental monitoring, threat identification and data synthesis Urban testbed demonstration Portal Shield Point Detector Symptomatic Reporting Point Detection Hazardous Material Identification Medical Diagnostics 8
Unconventional Nuclear Warfare Defense Indications and Warning Joint DTRA NNSA Program Sensor test-bed for detecting airborne radionuclides Four installations (one/service) Terrorist Device Defeat project will provide an integrated, deployable response to threat of an unconventional nuclear weapon 9
Nuclear Weapon Effects Modeling & Simulation Survivability High Altitude Nuclear Effects Prompt and delayed radiation effects on space, communication, and radar systems Electromagnetic Pulse Effects High Altitude Source Region Airblast and thermal effects on systems and personnel Cratering and ground shock propagation and interaction with hardened and deeply buried structures Fireball Plasma Plume High Altitude EMP Tool Ground Shock Tool 10
Radiation Hardened Mirco Electronics Survivability Launched DoD One-Generation Initiative Demonstrated prototype radiation hardened 4Mbit Static Random Access Memory Completed radiation response evaluation of ultra-thin SOI material Demonstrated rad hard 32 bit Digital Signal Processor(DSP) based on commercial design 11
Vulnerability Assessments Survivability Pentagon: Finite element model used in analysis of terrorist attack scenarios Capitol Hill: finite element model and pressure contours from terrorist weapon 12
Anti-Terrorism Technologies Survivability Blast mitigation methods and retrofit options for walls, windows, columns Modeling and simulation Modeling Tools Pentagon Renovation Window Retrofit Blast Mitigation Column Retrofit Testing 13
Smart Building Survivability Chemical, Biological, Radiological Sensors Major Project Elements: Physical retrofits/protective envelope Software products/consequence assessment center Technical assistance/planning Filtration System 14
Hazard Prediction Modeling & Simulation Consequence Management Hazard Prediction & Assessment Capability (HPAC) Output for Hypothetical Anthrax Release Applications: Collateral effects from counterforce targeting on WMD targets Real-time hazard analysis support Forensic assessments 15 Atmospheric transport of Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, and Radiological hazards Embedded weather data, models, and links to operational weather feeds Models of deposition and effects on personnel.1
Reachback Capability Consequence Management Reachback Exercises Training OPS Support Building Protection/Consequence Management/Hazard Assessment.1 54 th Presidential Inauguration 19 th Winter Olympics Salt Lake City 16
Structural Forensics Attribution Supporting analysis to estimate terrorist weapon characteristics Finite Element Model Khobar Towers USS Cole 17
Counterproliferation Analysis and Planning System (CAPS) Attribution and Retaliation Integrated analyses of production process descriptions and intelligence data to model suspected proliferant WMD infrastructures Identification of critical nodes Hazard prediction assessment tools CAPS Screen Shot 18
Hard and Deeply Buried Target Defeat Attribution and Retaliation Find Characterize Plan Attack Assess Sensor Technology Attack Technology Target Characterization Technology Demonstration Tests HDBTD Planning Capability 19
CAVE ENTRANCE ENFIELD RIFLES X 2 POSSIBLE HEROIN STASH 20
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CALCM Penetrator Retaliation Standoff penetrator with Hard Target Smart Fuze Production was accelerated for operational use and deployed in Jan 02 CALCM Penetrator AUP-3(M) Penetrator 22
Tactical Tomahawk Penetrator Retaliation Stand-off penetrator with Hard Target Smart Fuze Advanced Counterproliferation Technology Demonstration - 2-3QFY03 Navy follow-on demonstration and production 23
Thermobaric Weapon ACTD Objective: optimize payload, warhead, and fuze for airdelivered weapon capability against tunnel targets Products include: Residual warheads Planning tools Flight certification Delivery tactics and training Weapon acquisition transition plan Thermobaric Weapons MOUT Target Delivery Tactics Planning Tools 24
Thermobaric Weapon Test MOUT Target 25
Counterterrorism and Infrastructure Assurance Technology Needs Workshop Hosted by DOE/NNSA and Brookhaven National Laboratory NYC Speakers included: Emergency Management Police Department Fire Department Health Department Environmental Protection Metropolitan Transit Authority ConEd, Verizon, Keyspan (gas/electricity) Contractors 26
Counterterrorism and Infrastructure Assurance Technology Needs Workshop Key Challenges EOC Relocation Logistics Debris Management Donation Management Personal Identification Dust Control, Chemistry, Clean-up Water Pressure Some Needs Chemical and Biological Detection Vulnerability Assessments Priority Assets (tunnels, bridges) Single Incident Human Loss Economic Impact Probability Blast Analysis of Tunnels Surveillance, Perimeter Protection and Physical Security Electrical Power (Barge, Submarine) Dust Clean-up (e.g., Tunnels) Air Quality Information Useful Technologies GPS/Bar Coding (Crime Scene Evidence) Geographic Information System Lidar Mapping IR Imagery Watershed Security (Reservoir Robots) Golf Carts Syndromic Surveillance System Some Lessons Exercises COOP Evacuation Routes and Reporting Locations Y2K "Acta non Versa" 27
Science & Technology Challenges Detection of dispersed and non-dispersed nuclear, chemical and biological threats Remote detection of weapons of mass destruction Force protection technologies (e.g., perimeter protection and Smart Building) Microscale hazard prediction Information management Hard and deeply buried target defeat Agent defeat 28
Science & Technology Challenges Expand collaboration among military, civil sector, allies, industry, academia Accelerate transition of technologies Sustain U.S. technological superiority across the full spectrum of prevention, protection, response 29