OVERVIEW: ICT CONNECTIVITY AND ASIA PACIFIC INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY (AP-IS)
2 Growing Digital Divide in Asia-Pacific Asia and the Pacific has 52.3% of fixed broadband users in the world, yet Average per capita fixed broadband subscriptions is below world average and behind Latin America, North America and Europe; Within Asia and the Pacific, the low income economies are being left further behind Fixed-Broadband Sub. per 100 Inhabitants 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year ESCAP High Income Eco (Average) ESCAP Upper-Mid-Eco(Average) ESCAP Average ESCAP Low Income Eco (Average) ESCAP Lower-middle-income Eco (Average) State of ICT in Asia and the Pacific 2016: Uncovering the Widening Broadband Divide
Fixed Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100) 3 Korea (Rep.) Hong Kong, China New Zealand Japan Macao, China Australia Singapore New Caledonia Azerbaijan Russian Federation China French Polynesia Georgia Kazakhstan Turkey Iran (I.R.) Tuvalu Armenia Thailand Malaysia Viet Nam Brunei Darussalam Mongolia Maldives Palau Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan Bhutan Philippines Micronesia Sri Lanka Bangladesh Tonga Marshall Islands Vanuatu Fiji India Samoa Indonesia Nepal Pakistan Cambodia Lao P.D.R. Myanmar Solomon Islands Papua New Guinea Kiribati Timor-Leste Tajikistan Turkmenistan Afghanistan 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from: http://www.itu.int/en/itu-d/statistics/pages/publications/wtid.aspx
Mobile Broadband Penetration Rates (per 100) 4 Macao, China Singapore Japan New Zealand Australia Korea (Rep.) Hong Kong, China Malaysia Mongolia Thailand Russian Federation Maldives Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Bhutan China Turkey Georgia Fiji Cambodia Indonesia Philippines Vanuatu Armenia Viet Nam Timor-Leste Kyrgyzstan Myanmar Tonga Uzbekistan French Polynesia Nepal Iran (I.R.) Sri Lanka Lao P.D.R. Bangladesh Pakistan Tajikistan Solomon Islands Turkmenistan Samoa India Papua New Guinea Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Kiribati 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Data source: ITU. (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. Available from: http://www.itu.int/en/itu-d/statistics/pages/publications/wtid.aspx
Without effective supply and competitive transit, prices remain high and take up remains low 5 International bandwidth vs. IP transit costs Internet penetration vs. IP transit costs Note: Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan: outlier status (largely due to dominance of incumbent)
6 Challenges : Regulations and Broadband Access There is a strong correlation between the perceptions on quality of regulations (World Bank World Governance Indicators) and fixed-broadband subscriptions. Better quality of regulation instill certainty in investment environment, which encourages private operators to invest more.
7 Challenges : E-commerce and ICT Access Strong positive correlation between E-commerce and broadband access Hence, if broadband infrastructure is not in place, it limits access and therefore e- commerce. Figure 15: E-commerce versus fixed broadband access, 2015 E-commerce Index 2015 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Fixed-Broadband Sub. per 100 inhabitants 2015 95% Confidence Interval 137 Countries Sources: ESCAP estimates; UNCTAD B2C E-Commerce Index 2016; and fixed broadband per 100 sourced from ITU.
8 Projected bandwidth demand Projected annual growth 2016-2020 Projected Total growth 2016-2020 Share of corporate data in international bandwidth demand 2016 Share of corporate data in international bandwidth demand 2020 Share of Internet in international bandwidth demand 2016 Share of Internet in international bandwidth demand 2020 Afghanistan 72.3% +779.5% 7.7% 6.1% 89.7% 93.6% Azerbaijan 45.7% +350.2% 11.3% 12.5% 88.7% 87.4% Kazakhstan 49.6% +399.5% 16.6% 16.7% 83.2% 83.3% Kyrgyzstan 51.4% +423.3% 2.2% 5.1% 97.8% 94.9% Tajikistan 102.5% +1562.5% 12.5% 8.3% 87.5% 91.7% Turkmenistan 132.7% +2700.0% 7.5% 8.9% 75.0% 91.1% Uzbekistan 57.5% +508.0% 8.0% 11.5% 88.0% 86.1% Region 49.8% +403.6% 14.4% 14.8% 85.3% 85.1% Source: ESCAP, Updated Analysis of the Broadband Infrastructure in Asia Pacific, 2016. Available from http://www.unescap.org/resources/updated-analysis-broadband-infrastructure-asia-pacific
Building a Resilient Digital Economy: Fostering SMEs in Central Asia Economic Structure and the State of ICT in the SPECA Subregion The Challenges posed by Disasters in Building a Resilient Digital Economy in the SPECA Subregion 9 http://www.unescap.org/resources/b uilding-resilient-digital-economyfostering-smes-central-asia
Share of disasters in the SPECA subregion by number of occurrences, 2000-2015 10 4% 9% 18% Earthquake Flood 14% Drought Extreme Weather 6% Landslide 4% 45% Storm Others
11 Disaster damage in the SPECA subregion, 2000-2015 350 300 307 Millions of 2011 constant USD 250 200 150 142 126 253 100 50 0 72 63 56 57 50 24 30 13 11 3 6 3 2 Afghanistan Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Drought Earthquake Flood Landslide Storm
The Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway initiative aims to increase the availability and affordability of broadband Internet across Asia and the Pacific, by strengthening the underlying Internet infrastructure in the region. Promote terrestrial and submarine fibre-optic connectivity Provide a regional intergovernmental platform focusing on the missing fibre-optic links between ESCAP countries 12
13 Four Pillars of AP-IS Physical network design, development, management at regional level Intergovernmental negotiation Improving regulations based on open access CONNECTIVITY TRAFFIC / NETWORK MANAGEMENT Ensuring efficient and effective Internet traffic and network management at regional, subregional and national levels Resilient ICT networks Support to disaster management systems Ensuring last-mile disaster communication E-RESILIENCE BROADBAND FOR ALL Bridging digital divides Promoting affordable access to underserved areas Policy and technical support to Governments
14 AP-IS Initiatives Strategic Initiatives 2016-2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Identification, coordination, deployment, expansion and integration of the regional backbone network Establish a sufficient number of IXPs at the national and sub-regional levels and set out common principles on Internet traffic exchange Regional social and economic studies Enhancing ICT infrastructure resilience Policy and regulations for leveraging existing infrastructure, technology and inclusive broadband initiatives Capacity-building AP-IS funding mechanism based on public-private partnerships
AP-IS Master Plan and the Regional Cooperation Framework Document for the AP-IS 15 Both documents are available (including Russian Version): http://www.unescap.org/our-work/ict-disaster-risk-reduction/asia-pacific-informationsuperhighway/master-plan-for-the-ap-is-and-ap-is-regional-cooperation-frameworkdocument Report of the Committee on Information and Communications Technology, Science, Technology and Innovation, first session, 5-7 October, 2016, Bangkok, Thailand http://www.unescap.org/official-documents/committee-information-andcommunications-technology-science-technology-and-innovation/session/1 AP-IS Flyer http://www.unescap.org/resources/asia-pacific-information-superhighway-apoverview
16 Asia-Pacific ICT & DRR Gateway Providing policymakers and relevant stakeholders with an accessible gateway containing a spectrum of resources with regard to Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction
17 Online Communities Communities on Unite platform facilitating dialogue on 4 pillars: 1. Infrastructure and connectivity 2. Internet traffic and network management 3. E-resilience 4. Broadband for all
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