The Non-State Hospital in INDONESIA Laksono Trisnantoro Shita Dewi Andreasta Meliala Krishna Hort Gadjah Mada University Press
Copyright 2012 by GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY PRESS P.O.Box 14, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 E-mail : gmupress@ugm.ac.id Homepage : http://www.gmup.ugm.ac.id Cetakan pertama Januari 2012 All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronics or mechanical, including photocopiying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing form the copyright owner. 1364.48.10.07 This book printed in Indonesia GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY PRESS Member of IKAPI 0609187-C2E ISBN: 979-420-541-9 ii
TABLE of CONTENT Preface....Error! Bookmark not Section 1.....Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 1 The Origin of Non-state Providers in Indonesia... Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 2 Economic and Political Situation between 1990 and 2008...Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 3 Governance in the Health Sector... Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 4 The Dynamic of Medical Practitioners.. Error! Bookmark not Section 2. The Landscape of Non-state HospitalError! Bookmark not CHAPTER 5 Hospital Data Based on Ownership Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 6 The Case Studies Non-state HospitalsError! Bookmark not Section 3 Policies and Regulations for Private Institution Sector Providers...Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 7 The Policy In Non-State Hospital.. Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 8 Reflection: The In-Depth Analysis of Physician s Dual Practice Pattern at the RSD Raden Mattaher, Jambi and the Power of Regulation...Error! Bookmark not Section 4 Analysis of Key Issues and Policy Implications... Error! Bookmark not iii
CHAPTER 9 The Relations Between the Ownership, Governance and the Hospital Management Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 10 Medical Profession in a Mixed Public-Private System...Error! Bookmark not CHAPTER 11 The Government Role in Non-state Hospitals... Error! Bookmark not Closing: Recommendations for the Future of Non-State Hospital Policy...Error! Bookmark not LIST of TABLE Table 2. 1 Population and Demographic Indicators and Projections for Indonesia (1961-2025)...Error! Bookmark not Table 2. 2 Overview of Social Health Insurance Landmarks in Indonesia...Error! Bookmark not Table 2. 3 Health Care Financing in Indonesia... Error! Bookmark not Table 2. 4 Average Number of Governmental/State Hospital in Every District/Municiplity...Error! Bookmark not Table 2. 5 Average Number of Private Hospital in Every District/Municiplity...Error! Bookmark not Table 3. 1 Expenditure of Health...Error! Bookmark not Table 3. 2 Data on Health Facilities and Health Service Providers (2005)...Error! Bookmark not Table 4. 1 The Relationship between Regional Gross Domestic Product (Produk Domestik Regional Bruto/PDRB) and Poor Populatian Perentage with Specialist Distribution... Error! Bookmark not iv
Table 5. 1 The Number of State Hospital... Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 2 Non-state Hospital Ownership... Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 3 Recapitulation per Type of Ownership of Non-state Hospital (1998 2008)...Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 4 The Number of Non-state Hospitals. Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 5 The Number of Non-state Hospitals Owned by Corporations...Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 6 The Number of Non-state Hospitals Owned by Foundation...Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 7 The Number of Non-state Hospitals Owned by Associations...Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 8 Corporation-Owned Hospitals... Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 9 The Number of Hospitals in Boyolaly Regency... Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 10 The Number of Hospitals in the town of Bima... Error! Bookmark not Table 5. 11 The Number of Hospitals in Jambi City.. Error! Bookmark not Table 6. 1 Case Study Based on Classification of Chapter 2... Error! Bookmark not Table 6. 2 The Number of Hospitals in the Jakarta Special Capital Region...Error! Bookmark not Table 6. 3 The Number of Hospitals in Denpasar CityError! Bookmark not v
Table 6. 4 The Number of Hospital in the Yogyakarta Special Territory...Error! Bookmark not Table 8. 1 Total Number of Practice Rooms for Medical Specialists in the Six Specializations at the RSD Raden Mattaher Jambi viewed from State Hospital, Non-state Hospitals and Private Practice Rooms....Error! Bookmark not Table 11. 1 Some Characteristics of Social and Commercial Institutions...Error! Bookmark not Table 11. 2 The hospital market segmentation in Indonesia... Error! Bookmark not Table 11. 3 The Characteristic of Countries in Hospital Policy... Error! Bookmark not vi
LIST of FIGURE Figure 2. 1 Indonesia Health Funding.. Error! Bookmark not Figure 2. 2 Position of District/Municipalities in 8 ProvinceError! Bookmark not Figure 2. 3 Matrix of the Local Government s Fiscal Capacity and the Community Economic Capacity in Bali ProvinceError! Bookmark not Figure 2. 4 Local Government s Fiscal Capacity and Community Economic Capacity of Districts of Riau ProvinceError! Bookmark not Figure 2. 5 Matrix on Local Government s Fiscal Capacity and Community Economic in District of Gorontalo ProvinceError! Bookmark not Figure 3. 1 The Effect of JPSBK toward the Kakwani IndexError! Bookmark not Figure 3. 2 Dichotomy between Provincial/District/City Health Office s Activities and State HospitalError! Bookmark not Figure 4. 1 Pediatrician Ratio per 100.000 Population according to Province... Error! Bookmark not Figure 5. 1 The absolute number of hospitalserror! Bookmark not Figure 5. 2 The Ratio of the Number of Hospitals per 100.000 Citizens... Error! Bookmark not Figure 5. 3 The Growth of Hospitals (1998 2008)Error! Bookmark not Figure 5. 4 The Growth of Bed Number (1998 2008)Error! Bookmark not 7
Figure 5. 5 The Growth Rate of State Hospital Based on the Groups of Bed... Error! Bookmark not Figure 5. 6 Distribution of Non-state HospitalsError! Bookmark not Figure 5. 7 Recapitulation per Type of Ownership of Non-state Hospitals (1998 2008)... Error! Bookmark not Figure 5. 8 The Growth of Non-state Hospitals based on the Group of Bed Capacity... Error! Bookmark not Figure 5. 9 Non-state hospital owned by coporationerror! Bookmark not Figure 5. 10 The Growth Rate of Non-state Hospitals Owned by Corporations based on the Bed-Capacity GroupError! Bookmark not Figure 5. 11 Non-state hospital owned by foundation and association... Error! Bookmark not Figure 5. 12 The Growth Rate of Non-state Hospitals Owned by Foundation Based on the Bed-Capacity GroupError! Bookmark not Figure 5. 13 The Growth Rate of Non-state Hospitals Owned by Associations based on the Bed-Capacity GroupError! Bookmark not Figure 7. 1 The Process Flow of AccreditationError! Bookmark not Figure 10. 1 The Porter-Lawler model of work motivationerror! Bookmark not Figure 10. 2 The Market for Physician ServicesError! Bookmark not Figure 11. 1 Circular Flow Model... Error! Bookmark not Figure 11. 2 Public Service Agency (BLU) Concept Coined by Ministry of Home Affairs... Error! Bookmark not Figure 11. 3 A continuum between Bureaucratic Institution and BUMD... Error! Bookmark not 8
Editors Laksono Trisnantoro Centre of Health Service Management Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Shita Dewi Centre of Health Service Management Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Andreasta Meliala Centre of Health Service Management Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Krishna Hort Nossal Institute The University of Melbourne Barry St, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia 9