P.173 - ISWA 2012 World Waste Congress, Florence, 17-19 September Technical Assistance to Solid Waste Management in Middle East & North Africa Region - Experiences of Japan s ODA Projects Mitsuo YOSHIDA, Senior Advisor (Environment) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 5-25, Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8012, JAPAN E-mail: Yoshida.Mitsuo.2@jica.go.jp http://www.jica.go.jp/english/index.html The views expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the official position of JICA. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A series of technical assistances in solid waste management (SWM) sector have been carried out as Japan s Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects in the countries of Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region since 1990s. The way of technical assistance projects varies depending on the objectives; development study for planning, technology transfer program, equipment grant-aid, support for infrastructure construction, organizational/institutional development, policy advice, public awareness raising, and human resource development through technical training. According to previous experience of the project implementations, the following three important challenges could be recognized: (i) Strengthening comprehensive capacity in SWM at individual, organizational, and institutional/societal levels; (ii) Public awareness raising of decision-makers and citizens about health and environmental problems caused by inappropriate SWM; and (iii) South- South cooperation as one of the goals of international cooperation. Issues in practice (1) SWM organization without qualified individuals (2) Qualified individuals but poor activity of SWM organization (3) Qualified individuals and well SWM organization, but poor cooperation by the society Institutional/Societal level Organizational level Individual level 1
Components of Capacity required for SWM at Three Levels Societal/Institutional Level Organizational Level Individual Level Law, Bylaws, Guideline, Regulation Public Awareness about waste problem Public Private Participation Education, Social Capital SWM organization structure, Management, Budget, Fund Intellectual asset such as SWM data, plan, and research results Physical asset (equipment) Human asset, trained staff Knowledge, Skill Technique, Proficiency Intention, Responsibility Motivation, Willingness Capacity Assessment is held prior to implement technical assistance, which provides us information for designing effective project plan. Purpose of JICA s Technical Assistance in SWM Sector Public health, Environmental protection, Material-Cycle, Sustainable development Objective 1 (Non-technical) Capacity Enhancement Policy, Program and Plan Administration Capacity Interrelation Objective 2 (Technical) Technical Enhancement Waste Reduction Collection and Transport Financial Management Public-Private Partnership Promotion of Generator s Efforts Raising Public Awareness Social Consideration Social Inclusion Intermediate Treatment Recycling, Waste-to-Energy Final Disposal, Rehabilitation Selection of the cooperation target issue(s) based on Partner s Needs and Capacity Assessment 2
Japan s ODA Projects in MENA Region (1) Country Year Type of Technical Assistance Iran 2009-11 2012- Iraq 2004 2005 2010-11 2011 Turkey 2000 2008-10 Syria 1995 1997 2002 2004 2010 Jordan 1993 1995 2004 Country-focused training course program in Yokohama, Japan on municipal solid waste management Expert dispatch on municipal SWM Advisor Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment to Bagdad Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment to Samawah Country-focused training course program in Hiroshima, Japan on municipal solid waste management Information Study on SWM in Iraq Development study on SWM planning of Adana-Mersin area Country-focused training course program in Yokohama, Japan on solid waste incineration technology Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment to Damascus Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment to Aleppo Development study on SWM in Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment to local cities Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment to local cities II Grant-aid project for waste management equipment to Amman Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment to local cities Grant-aid project for waste management equipment to Amman II Japan s ODA Projects in MENA Region (2) Country Year Type of Technical Assistance Palestine 1999 2005 2008 Egypt 1984-86 1995 1996 Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment (Phase I) Technical cooperation project for capacity development of Jericho Jordan Rift Valley Grant-aid project for waste collection equipment (via UNDP) Development Study on SWM Master Plan of Alexandria Grant-aid project for SWM equipment to Alexandria I Grant-aid project for SWM equipment and compost plant in Alexandria II Sudan 2011-12 Expert dispatch in waste collection pilot project, Khartoum South Sudan Tunisia 1997-98 2000-02 2002-04 2005-08 2011-14 Technical cooperation project for capacity development in SWM of Juba city Development study on industrial SWM and recycling Expert dispatch in SWM and environmental pollution South-South cooperation on waste and environmental pollution South-South training course on municipal SWM for African cities Algeria 2005-07 Country-focused training course program in Kyushu, Japan on urban and industrial environmental management Morocco 1996 Development Study on national SWM plan in Morocco 3
Jordan Iraq Iran Syria Tunisia Egypt MENA Region Palestine Courtesy of Dinihon Doboku Co.,Ltd. Sudan Palestine Development of SWM based on Phased Development Model by Yoshida(2011) Country (Urban) Collection Transport Final Disposal Intermediat e Treatment Material Cycle Society ODA Technical Assistance Iran +++ ++ + Training Iraq - - Training Turkey +++ ++ ++ + Planning, Training Syria ++ ++ Planning, Equipment Jordan +++ ++ + Equipment Palestine ++ ++ + Planning, Equipment, Tech. Egypt + ++ + Planning, Equipment Sudan + - Technical South Sudan + Technical Tunisia +++ ++ ++ - Planning, Technical, South Algeria ++ ++ + Training Morocco +++ ++ + Planning LEGEND +++:Mostly achieved, ++: Fairly Achieved, +: Partly Achieved, -: Little Achieved Training: Country-focused Training Course Program in Japan for human development; Planning: Development Study for Master Plan or Action Plan; Equipment: Grant-Aid for supplying equipment and facility; Technical: Technical Cooperation Project for supporting Capacity Development in SWM; South: South-South cooperation program partner 4
South-South Triangular Cooperation between JICA and Partners < Photos: Third Country Training Course Program (TCTP) partnered by Tunisia CONCLUSIONS (1) Comprehensive capacity development program at individual, organizational, and institutional/societal levels is essential for effective technical assistance. (2) Awareness raising for service providers and citizens about environmental problems caused by inappropriate SWM is indispensable in the course of technical assistance. (3) South-South cooperation is one of the goals for bilateral technical assistance in SWM. 5