Albert Bahn Alice Training Institute
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Citizen Response to a Violent Intruder Alert Lockdown Inform Counter Evacuate
ALICE Instructor Course Proactive Strategies for Workplace Violent Intruder Response We welcome the opportunity to Train with You!
ALICE Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Counter, Evacuate Comprehensive Preparedness for a Violent Intruder Event Utilizing Infrastructure, Technology, and Human Action to Increase Survival Chances
Where do armed intruder attacks happen?
It Continues June 7, 2014 1 dead 4 injured at a block party in Moncks Corner, SC June 8, 2014 two officers shot and killed in a restaurant, one other victim killed, Las Vegas Nevada.
Hospital Shootings September 15, 1999, Anaheim CA. A gunman stormed into a hospital and opened fire, killing 3 employees. April 16, 2009. Long Beach CA. An Individual shot and killed 3 employees and then killed himself December 16, 2009, San Fernando CA. A gunman opened fire in the main lobby wounding 1. December 29, 2009, Carthage NC. A man shot and killed 7 patients and wounded 3 others in a nursing home attack. April 19, 2010, Knoxville TN. A gunman fatally shot a woman and injured 2 others before killing himself outside the doors of the patient discharge area. September 9, 2010, Baltimore MD. A gunman pulled a semiautomatic gun from his waistband and shot a doctor once in the abdomen. He then holed up in the room. Upon officers entering, they found the gunman and his mother, shot to death.
Hospital Shootings Continued September 29, 2010, Oakland CA. Several men inside a car began shooting at two men walking to a bus stop near Highland Hospital's emergency entrance. November 4, 2010, Palm Beach FL. A former employee fired several shots near the cafeteria and then barricaded himself in an office. No dead or injured. November 9, 2011, Bronx, NY. A gunman fired into a hospital ER waiting room wounding a nurse and a security officer. The gunman escaped. January 7, 2012, Fort Oglethorpe GA. A gunman killed his wife and mother-in-law in a medical center waiting room. February 22, 2012, New Brittan Conn. A gunman shot two people in a rehabilitation hospital and was arrested later. He was believed to be a hospital employee
Hospital Shootings Continued March 08, 2012, Pittsburg PA, An individual opened fire in a psychiatric hospital killing 1 and wounding 7 before being killed by a university police officer. June 13, 2012, Buffalo, NY. A trauma surgeon shot an ex-girlfriend to death in a stairwell of the hospital they worked in.
How the program started SWAT Officers during the 90 s shootings April 1999 Columbine Genesis of ALICE Training: Christmas Eve 2000
Led to questioning of the nation s standard response One-size fits all strategy - LOCKDOWN They were doing all they KNEW!! No alternative??? Inadequate Preparation and Conditioning
This program has one primary focus: SURVIVAL of those who find themselves under attack in any environment.
Citizen preparation for danger is nothing new. Where do we first learn what to do when There is a fire? There is a tornado? There is an active shooter/violent intruder? Who and/or what is responsible for developing the information that is taught?
This is the knowledge that your employees bring with them.
For the Police/Admin The Benefits of Lockdown? For the Shooter/Terrorist Command One word can initiate procedure Control Know where everyone is located Convenience Easily administered and followed Keep you in for SAFETY. Command Mere exhibition of intent forces command change Control Procedure requires everyone to remain Convenience Minimal action achieves most difficult objective (containment of large, complicated structures) Keep you in to HURT YOU.
Planning Must have a Crisis Response/Management Plan in place that addresses all phases of Emergencies: Preparation: Mitigation: Response: Recovery: What should we do? Physical Security, CPTED Disaster Plans, Drills Reunification, Mental Health Resources
What are examples of events and actions during these phases?
Planning Who should be responsible to create and enact the plan? Who should be at the table in formulating the plan? Who should be advised of the plan?
* Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2011
Professional Relationship to killer was the leading Active Shooter statistic From: 2012 NYPD: Active Shooter, Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation
Workplace Trends and Related Facts Mass shootings by venue*** - Business / Workplace - #1 Most Shootings & Most Deadly (551/year from 2006-2010) - Places of Worship - #2 and far less than businesses ( 99 2012) - Schools - #3 Less than places of worship 13,827 workplace homicides ( 92-2010) 137,000 workplace nonfatal assaults treated in emergency rooms in 2009 572,000 workplace nonfatal violent crimes in 2009 Serious violent crime accounted for a larger percentage of workplace violence against private-sector employees (25%) than government employees (15%) Each week in the United States, an average of 20 workers are murdered and 18,000 are assaulted while at work** * Bureau of Justice Statistics ** National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) *** Bureau of Labor Statistics
Determined, Undeterred, and extremely Violent.
Unexpected and Sudden. Pre-planning is absolutely necessary.
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Most Casualties Occur Before Police From Manchester Police Supplemental Report # Arrive on the Scene 07:25:12 Omar shoots three managers, killing two 07:25:16 Forklift operator killed in warehouse while driving forklift 07:25:25 Two employees killed at trash compactor area 07:25:38 First 911 call from wounded manager 07:25:39 Employee shot in break room 07:25:59 First officers are dispatched 07:26:16 Employee shot outside riding golf cart and previous victim from break room is killed. Shooter reenters building. 07:28:25 First officer on-scene 07:29:09 Shooter in lobby, shoots out doors to again access building 07:35:20 First officers (8) enter building
Other Situations
What ending should we be hoping for, planning for, and cultivating? Police Intervention Suicide Weapon Malfunction Civilian Intervention
ATTACK RESOLUTION THE NYPD ORGANIZED ATTACK RESOLUTIONS IN THE ACTIVE SHOOTER DATA SET INTO FOUR CATEGORIES: APPLIED FORCE, NO APPLIED FORCE, SUICIDE OR ATTEMPTED SUICIDE, AND ATTACKER FLED. TABLE 2 SHOWS THAT THE VAST MAJORITY OF ATTACKS IN THE ACTIVE SHOOTER DATA SET ENDED VIOLENTLY, EITHER BY FORCE APPLIED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT, PRIVATE SECURITY, BYSTANDERS, OR THE ATTACKERS THEMSELVES. ONLY 16% ENDED WITHOUT APPLIED FORCE, SUCH AS BY A NEGOTIATED SURRENDER. IN THE 2010 EDITION OF THIS REPORT, THE CORRESPONDING FRACTION WAS 14%; THIS CHANGE IS NOT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT.
Resolution Number of Incidents Percentage Applied Force 99 43% No Applied Force 37 16% Suicide/Attempt Suicide 93 40% Attacker Fled 1 <1% Total 230 100% Source:, 2012 Table 2: Number of Incidents by Incident Resolution NYPD
Courtesy of Bill Barchers, www.hardtactics.com
Suicide, Police, or Civilian Intervention? With those historical statistics what ending should we be trying to cultivate in order to mitigate casualties? Not conventional thinking is it?
The Lesson from Virginia Tech: Room 210 No Class STAYED DOWN Room 206-14 Present Killed 10 Wounded -2 JUMPED & BARRICADED Room 204 19 Present Killed 2 Wounded - 3 Room 200 No Class Offices Hallway Killed 1 STAYED DOWN Room 211 19 Present Killed 12 Wounded - 6 BARRICADED AFTER 1 ST TIME Room 207 13 Present Killed 5 Wounded - 6 BARRICADED Room 205 12 Present Killed 0 Wounded 0
THE Lesson from VT: Do Something Room 210 No Class Room 206-14 Present Killed 10 Wounded -2 Room 204 19 Present Killed 2 Wounded - 3 Room 200 No Class Hallway Killed 1 Offices Room 211 19 Present Killed 12 Wounded - 6 Room 207 13 Present Killed 5 Wounded - 6 Room 205 12 Present Killed 0 Wounded 0 Data from Chapter 8, Virginia Governor s Report on Virginia Tech.
How Does the Program Apply to Hospitals Hospitals, like schools, are highly visible institutions. Historically, hospitals, like schools, have become places where active killers attack. The care giver roles of hospital staff are similar to that of teachers. You are responsible for those in your charge. The varying staff roles and environments in hospitals (patient care areas, ED, public areas), like schools (classrooms, hallways, parking lots, cafeterias, libraries) require a flexible response. As much as we d like it to be, there is no standard response that will work in every circumstance
Why do Shooters Target Hospitals High Profile, Publicity for the Cause Potential for Mass Casualties Traditionally, Low Resistance by Occupants High Chance of Plan Success
THE AVERAGE LOCKDOWN TIME for U.S. hospitals is 11 minutes (median is 8 minutes) The average number of casualties in these incidents can be 2 to 4 per minute Every Second Counts Source: 2009 Campus Safety Healthcare Security Survey
Three Human Reactions to Fear 1. Fight 2. Flight 3. Freeze What does the Body do and Why? Which one would be THE one, if only a single response option is to be mandated???
A Comprehensive Program Enhance Not Change! Turn A.L. into A.L.i.C.E. Alert Lockdown Inform Counter, and/or Evacuate