The Cold War
When/why was the word teenager invented? a) Have teenagers changed all that much since the word was made? Why or why not?
Louis St. Laurent Uncle Louis -Trans Canada Highway and Great Lakes, St. Lawrence Seaway were projects brought in by his government - Korean War - Extended old-age pensions, enacted hospital insurance -Newfoundland joins Confederation (1949) Term as Prime Minister 1948.11.15-1957.06.20 Political Party Liberal
John Diefenbaker Dief the Chief -First Canadian PM with active service in World War 1 The first Saskatchewan resident to become prime minister of Canada Great Orator. Cancelled the Avro Arrow Jet project Implemented a Bill of Rights and Allowed Aboriginal people to vote in federal elections in 1960 Came to power after almost 40 years of uninterrupted Liberal rule.
John Diefenbaker Dief the Chief - Northern Vision and supporting Canada - Opposed new Canadian flag - Clashed with US politicians Term as Prime Minister 1957.06.20-1963.04.22 Political Party Progressive Conservative
The Arms Race Defending North America from a Soviet attack became top military importance During 1950s, the US and Canada built 3 lines of radar to provide an early warning of an attack 1957: Distant Early Warning Line created (DEW)
Climate of Fear 1949 the USSR acquired the atomic bomb Nuclear annihilation was a big fear for Canadians in the 50 s Fallout shelters became a fad Diefenbunker created in 1961 as a safe-house for political leaders to govern the country
Nuclear Weapons: Balance of Terror Great suspicion and fear between east and west- caused the arms race Scientists tried to develop even more effective warheads By 1957 both nations had developed the hydrogen bomb The 1957 Soviet launch of Sputnik demonstrated to the rest of the world that the Soviets no longer needed aircraft to drop bombs Both Countries develop Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles capable of traveling across the Atlantic in half an hour Both countries having the same technology resulted in a Super Power Stale-Mate.
Cold War - Igor Gouzenko The Gouzenko Affair (Sept 5, 1945) a Russian cipher clerk (a person who coded and decoded messages) Told RCMP that the Russians were spying on Canada and the US
NATO With the spread of Communism, Canada and the US, along with several western European countries became concerned about national security. Formed NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) a defense pact intended to protect members against Soviet aggression 1949 12 founding members Fearful of NATO attack, Soviet organized a rival military pact called Warsaw pact Attention became on building military superiority arms race.
Warsaw Pact The Soviet response to NATO An alliance of countries joining the Iron Curtain Purpose of Warsaw was for mutual defense against Western countries (US, Canada)
NORAD Safeguarding Canada against Soviet attack meant joining with the Americans Headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colorado One of Diefenbaker s first acts as PM in 1957 was accepting NORAD This put Canada under the American defense umbrella and meant we were committed to joining wars and had given up sovereignty in parts of the north for defense purposes
The Korean War: 25 June 1950 27 July 1953 - After WWII, Korea was split into two nations; the North launched an attack on the South (democratic nations supported the south, and Soviets supporting the North) - 25,000 Canadians served in Korea, 516 lost their lives but at the end of the war North/South Korea remained the same as they had been before the war.
The Korean War - Canada became closer allies with the United States military wise - Canada was among 16 UN member countries that agreed to take part in the Korean War. - Refusal to use nuclear weapons from President Truman
The Suez Crisis - 1956 Egypt s President, Nasser, nationalizes the Suez Canal. Busiest waterway in the world. Britain, France, and Israel Invade to take control of the canal, and Soviets threatened a nuclear attack on capital cities Nassar sinks 40 ships to block Canal.
The Suez Crisis - 1956 Foreign Affairs Minister, Lester B. Pearson proposes a UN peacekeeping force be used to separate the parties. Awarded Nobel Peace Prize Idea for soldiers as peacekeepers is created.
Cuban Missile Crisis: Oct 1962 In 1959, Cuba had become Communist under Fidel Castro; became closer with Soviet Union Canada did not cut ties with Cuba, which frustrated the US - In October 1962, the USA learned that the Soviets were stockpiling nuclear missiles in Cuba; these missiles could reach the USA
Cuban Missile Crisis: Oct 1962 - United States blockade Cuba with its navy, threatening to invade, with Soviet Union threatening nuclear war - Final deal: if Soviets remove nuclear weapons from Cuba, United States won t invade - Important because Canada could have also been hit by nuclear attack, and Canadians were put at risk
Cuban Missile Crisis: Oct 1962 Was the most dangerous incident of the Cold War. No battles were actually fought. But the Cuban missile crisis for the first time raised the possibility of nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Avro Arrow - In July 1953, we began investing money in the the A.V. Project - A supersonic military aircraft designed to protect against bombers - Read Mach 2 (2, 450 km/h) - Diefenbaker cancelled the project in February 20th, 1959 in favour of buying Bomarc missiles - Prototypes were destroyed and 14000 jobs lost (United States picked up our brain power)
Vietnam - Although Canada was not involved in the war, many draft dodgers fled to Canada - Some chemical weapons, like Agent Orange, were test in Canada - Some Canadians went to enlist in United States Army - Tried to broker peace in the area