KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR Kennedy followed the Cold War policies of his predecessors. He continued the nuclear arms buildup begun by Eisenhower. He continued to follow Truman s practice of containment. New Strategy: Flexible Response Strengthening American forces so the nation would have options other than nuclear weapons in times of crisis
BERLIN WALL West Berlin was an island of freedom. Many East Germans fled to West Germany through Berlin. A high concrete wall was built to prevent further escapes to freedom. Kennedy said A wall is a lot better than a war.
THE BAY OF PIGS INVASION Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba in 1959 and the country became communist. Once in power, his government seized private businesses, including American companies and Castro began making anti-american speeches. U.S.-Cuban relations were further strained when the Soviet Union allied with Cuba in February 1960.
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? MOVE TO THE CORNER THAT MATCHES YOUR OPINION A. Speak out against Castro, but refuse to get involved militarily. B. Begin a direct U.S. military campaign against Castro. C. Pursue a public relations campaign in Cuba in support of positive U.S.-Cuban relations. D. Train Cuban exiles to invade the island of Cuba in attempt to overthrow Castro.
WHAT REALLY HAPPENED: BAY OF PIGS INVASION CIA was training Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and topple Castro. Bay of Pigs invasion failed. Information was leaked early. Air strikes failed. Castro prepared for a land attack. Invaders were captured and ransomed back to United States. Strengthened Castro s ties to the Soviet Union
The rapid growth in personal income in the decade after World War II contributed to a.a decrease in the birthrate b.a major economic depression c. shortages in the supply of luxury goods d.expansion of the middle class
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Khrushchev decided to upgrade Cuba s defenses with aircraft missiles. The U.S. had nuclear missiles placed in Turkey. Soviet ships carrying missile parts continued toward Cuba. Khrushchev warned that trying to stop them would mean war. For several days in October 1962 the United States teetered on the brink of nuclear war as Kennedy sought a peaceful resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
WHAT WOULD YOU DO? A. Institute a naval blockade around Cuba. B. Launch an air strike against missile sites. C. Invade Cuba with U.S. ground troops. D. Protest, but stay out of the conflict since it has very little violence involved
WHAT REALLY HAPPENED: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Kennedy agreed with the naval blockade. Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missiles if the United States pledged to never invade Cuba. Both Kennedy and Khrushchev took steps to ease tensions between their countries. The Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed, ending atmospheric and underwater testing of nuclear weapons.
600000 500000 When was the U.S. most involved in the Vietnam War? 400000 Which happened faster: escalation or withdrawal of troops? 300000 Series1 200000 100000 0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
VIETNAM WAR TIMELINE You will get a folder with 5 events. Fill out your timeline based on the handouts (5 minutes). Switch with the table across from you and repeat. For each year on your timeline, you must write: Event Significance (summarize!)
1. U.S. AID TO FRENCH INDOCHINA (AKA VIETNAM) - 1950 France controlled Vietnam Truman called for military aid to the French as they fought to prevent a communist revolution. France was defeated anyway and Vietnam split (NV = communist)
2. JFK S ADVISERS IN SOUTH VIETNAM- 1961 Viet Cong (NV) rebellion threatened to overwhelm the South Vietnam U.S. sent military advisers
3. GULF OF TONKIN INCIDENT, 1964 NV patrol boats fired on a U.S. destroyer. Two nights later, U.S. sailors mistakenly thought they had been attacked again. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed the president to take all necessary measures to prevent further aggression by the North Vietnamese.
4. OPERATION "ROLLING THUNDER" - 1965 The nearly continuous air raids of North Vietnam would go on for three years.
5. TET OFFENSIVE 1968 NV/Vietcong forces swept into SV, including its capital, Saigon. Within days, American forces recaptured most areas. The US military's assessment of the war is questioned and the "end of tunnel" seems very far off.
6. VIETNAMIZATION 1968 Policy to shift the burden of defeating the Communists onto the South Vietnamese Army and away from the United States.
7. MY LAI MASSACRE 1968 Charlie Company had suffered several casualties at the hands of the Vietcong Entered the village of My Lai on a search and destroy mission 300 unarmed men, women, and children were killed
8. SECRET BOMBING OF CAMBODIA OPERATION BREAKFAST 1968 14 month covert bombing of Cambodia, without the knowledge of Congress or the public. Goal was to destroy Communist supply routes
9. CEASE-FIRE 1973 U.S. agreed to withdraw of all U.S. troops and advisors within 60 days. NV agreed to release all prisoners of war. De-Militarized Zone at the 17th Parallel would remain a dividing line, with eventual reunification of the country "through peaceful means."
10. COMMUNISTS TAKE SAIGON 1975 The North Vietnamese initiate a concerted effort to "liberate" Saigon. South Vietnamese President delivers an unconditional surrender and the few remaining Americans evacuate Saigon
REVIEW VIDEOS Cartoon - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0t- YBemwzs Cold War in Asia Crash Course - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2icmlku hg0