NATIONAL PLANNING SCENARIOS: Attack Timelines

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY/ Version 17 4 FINAL DRAFT NATIONAL PLANNING SCENARIOS: Attack Timelines Created for Use in National, Federal, State, and Local Homeland Security Preparedness Activities March 2006 ACLURM055309 FBI054814

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NaJionai Planning Scenarios: FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL Yl Attack Timeiines Contents Introduction... ii Scenario 1: Nuclear Detonation Scenario 2: Biological Attack Scenario 3: Biological....,,..."'"'" Scenario 5: Chemical Attack Scenario 6: Chemical Attack Scenario 7: Chemical Attack Scenario 8: Chemical Attack Scenario 9: Natural Disaster Scenario 10: Natural Disaster Scenario 11: Radiological ~u.." '"'" Scenario 13: Biological Attack Scenario 14: Biological Attack... 1-1... 2-1... 3-1... 4-1... 5-1... 6-1... 7-1... 8-1... 9-1... 10-1... 11-1... 12-1... 13-1... 14-1 Scenario 15: Cyber Attack...:... 15-1 Appendix: Scenario Working Group Members... A-1 Contents ACLURM055311 FBI054816

National Pla:nning Scenarios: FOR OFFICIAL ljse Ot-..1.. Y/ Attack 1/melines Introduction The Federal interagency community has developed 15 all-hazards National Planning Scenarios for use in national, Federal, State, and local homeland security preparedness activities. The scenarios are planning tools and represent the range of potential terrorist attacks and natural disasters and the related impacts that face our Nation. The objective was to develop a minimum number of credible scenarios to establish the range of response requirements to facilitate preparedness planning. Value of the Scenarios to State and Local Leaders TI1e scenarios were designed to help state and local leaders further develop their capacity to prevent acts of terrorism within their communities and to prepare response capabilities to an event should it occur. TI1ese scenarios reflect a rigorous analytical effort by Federal homeland security experts, with reviews by State and local homeland security representatives. However, refinement and revision will be necessary over time to ensure that the scenarios remain accurate, represent the evolving all-hazards threat picture, and embody the capabilities necessary to respond to domestic incidents. In keeping with the congressional mandate that terrorist threats must be "current and real", the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is developing a Universal Adversary (UA) database to host and maintain terrorist threat models. At present, the UA database contains six distinct categories of terrorist threats, fifteen specific terrorist group profiles, dossiers on key terrorist actors, in-depth descriptions of tactics employed by each group, and sufficient background information for the generation of exercise related intelligence. The National Planning Scenarios and the Universal Adversary (UA) as Tools in the Capabilities-Based Planning Process Capabilities-Based Planning In seeking to prepare the Nation for terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies, it is impossible to maintain the highest level of preparedness for all possibilities all of the time. Given limited resources, managing the risk posed by major events is imperative. In an atmosphere of changing and evolving threats, it is vital to build flexible capabilities that will enable the Nation to prevent, respond to, and recover from a range of major events. To address this challenge, DHS employs a capabilitiesbased planning process that occurs under uncertainty to identity capabilities suitable for a wide range of challenges and circumstances. The process also works within an economic framework that necessitates prioritization and choice. As one of the principal tools in the capabilities-based planning process, the National Planning Scenarios provide a bounded threat universe to address the question: "How prepared do we need to be?" Figure 1 depicts the relationship between the scenarios and the other capabilities-based planning tools. As a first step in the capabilities-based planning process, the scenarios, while not exhaustive, provide an illustration of the potential threats for which we must be prepared. The scenarios and the UA database will be used to assess relative risk for the capabilities- Introduction ii ACLURM055312 FBI054817

NaJional Planning Scenarios: FOR OFFICIAL USEONL Y/ AttackTimelines based planning process and provide a framework for appropriately designing and scaling ~xercises specific to location and population characteristics. ---+NATIONAL LEVEL POLICY & PLANNING GUIDANCE Figure 1. Tools for the Capabilities-Based Planning Process HSPD-8 Implementation 1l1e scenarios and the UA database will be used in the implementation of Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)-8 "National Preparedness," including the development of the National Preparedness Goal and National Exercise Program. In helping to develop the National Preparedness Goal, the scenarios and the UA database provide the fotmdation for identifying the capabilities across all mission areas and the target levels of those capabilities needed for effective prevention of, response to, and recovery from major events. Figure 2 illustrates how the scenarios, UA, Target Capabilities List (TCL) and the Universal Task List (UTL) leads planners at all jurisdictional levels to identify common tasks and capabilities for a given mission area, in this instance the Prevention Mission. LOCALIZED THREAT, STATE, LOCAL & TRIBAL TARGET CAPABILITIES & CRITICAL TASKS NPS 'CRITICAL TASKS TARGET Figure 2. Capabilities-Based Planning and the Prevention.Mission Introduction Ill ACLURM055313 FBI054818

National Planning Scenarios: FOR OFFICIAL USE 0'\1.. Yl Attack Timelines National Planning Scenarios, UA, Red Teams in the National Exercise Program In addition to their use as tools in the capabilities-based planning process, the scenarios and the supporting UA also provide the design basis for exercises in the National Exercise Program (NEP). Used as a common foundation for exercise development, the scenarios complemented by current threat information from the UA database ensures exercise participants focll<; on performing the appropriate critical tasks and will assess capabilities linked to specific homeland security mission areas. The UA detail provided in the following scenarios provides examples of how terrorist groups (or individuals) having the capability, motivation and intent could execute an attack to achieve the outcomes described at the beginning of each scenario. To address exercise design requirements specitic to an individual exercise or exercise series, scenario threat models can be modified using current threat information from the UA database. There may be instances when assessing mission critical tasks and capabilities requires employment of analytical or operational Red Teams. The use of Red Teams is prescribed by the National Strategy for Homeland Security. Through the application of homeland security intelligence and information, Red Teams view the United States from the perspective of terrorists to discern and predict the methods, means, and targets of potential attackers during government sponsored exercises. 1 Red Teams are comprised of individuals selected for their special subject-matter expertise, perspective (professional, cultural), imagination, and penchant for critical analysis. Red Team members have access to terrorism subject matter experts, intelligence and law enforcement professionals throughout the world, and receive extensive cultural and tactical training in preparation for each exercise event. Employing the Scenarios, UA and Red Team in Prevention Exercises Figure 3 provides an example of how the scenarios and the UA are related to the capabilities-based planning process~ how the scenarios and U A are used in conjunction with the capabilities-based planning tools to assist state, local and tribal government planning and exercise design and; how the scenarios, the UA and Red Teams are used during the exercise lifecycle of a Prevention Exercise. 1 OtTice of Homeland Security. National Strategy for Homeland Security. July 2002. Introduction iv ACLURM055314 FBI054819

National Plannmg Scenarios:,41/ack Timelines FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY/ Version 17.4 Fll"'ALDRAFT r - -. - NATIONAL LEVEL POLICY & PLANNING GUIDANCE I LOCALIZED THREAT, STATE, LOCAL & TRIBAL TARGET.CAPABILITIES & CRITICAL TASKS PREVENTION EXERCISE LIFECYCLE Figure 3. Capabilities-Based Planning and Prevention Exercise Lifecycle Introduction v ACLURM055315 FBI054820

National PlaJining Scenarios: FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL Yl Attack Timelines Considerations Although not meant to be all-inclusive, the scenarios provide a basic set of common homeland security events and their related impacts that can be employed at the national level or by state, local and tribal jurisdictional authorities. Employing up-to-date information from the UA database, the scenarios have been developed so that theycan be adapted to local conditions. Agencies will not be limited to this set of scenarios, and they can exercise scenarios that are not included in the planning set. However, the scenarios provide a mutual starting point for agencies that exercise the basic events included in this set. Intelligence Disclaimer Although the scenarios generally reflect possible terrorist capabilities and known tradecra.ft, neither the intelligence community nor the law enforcement community is aware of any credible specific intelligence that indicates that such an attack is being plrumed, or that the agents or devices in question are in possession of any known terrorist group. Relative Grouping of Scenarios Various schemes have been used to rank scenarios based on probability, number of casualties, extent of property drunage, economic impa'-1, and social disruption. Because the scenarios in this set were developed to test the full range of response capabilities and resources-and to assist Federal, State, and local governments as well as the private sector in preparing for such events-they have not been ranked. The groupings of UA elements with specific scenarios are not intended to isolate potential terrorist threats to an individual type or class of terrorist element. Instead, the use of ditierent UA elements is intended to illustrate the many types of capabilities and motivations that might exist. Multiple Events In preparedness planning etiorts, organizations should always consider the need to respond to multiple incidents of the same type and multiple incidents of different types, at either the srune or other geographic locations. These incidents will invariably require the coordination and cooperation of homeland security response organizations across multiple regional, State, and local jurisdictions. Introduction vi ACLURM055316 FBI054821

Naiionai Planning Scenarios: Attack Timelines FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL Yl LAW ENFORC'EMENT SENSITIVE Version 1 7.4 FINAL DRAFT Scenario 1: Nuclear Detonation - ACLURM055317 FBI054822

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National PiaJ!ning Scenarios: Attack Timelines FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL Yi Version 17.4 Fll"'AL DRAFT ACLURM055322 FBI054827

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NaJional P/(1J1ning Scenarios: FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY/ Attack Timelines Scenario 3: Biological Disease Outbreak - 3-1 ACLURM055330 FBI054835

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National Pi(]Jlning &enarios: Attack Timeiines FOR OFFICI..Q USE ONLY/ LAW ENFORCEJMENT SENSITIVE Scenario 9: Natural Disaster - ACLURM055374 9-1 FBI054879

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National Planning Scenarios: FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL Yf AitackTimelines APPENDIX: UA Development Members l11e UA and associated scenario prequels were developed by Applied Marine Technologies, Inc. (AMTI), principal contractor to OPIA, DRS. The AMTI team is comprised of personnel from diverse backgrounds, including: special operations planning and execution, intelligence collection and analysis, terrorism and insurgency studies, information technology, Arabic language and culture, screenwriting, research, and journalism. APPENDIX: U4 Development lvfembers A-1 ACLURM055421 FBI054926