South Asia Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC):Building Block Between South & East Asia, SARD

1. 2. 3. South Asia Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC):Building Block Between South & East Asia, SARD Views from Regional Departments: Southeast Asia Department (SERD) The Pacific Department s Regional Cooperation and Integration Agenda Strategic approach and programmatic priorities, PARD 4. Seminar on RCI Knowledge and Priorities, EARD 5. RCI Knowledge Work and Priorities in CAREC, CWARD

South Asia Sub-regional Economic Cooperation (SASEC): Building Block Between South & East Asia Sekhar Bonu Director, SARC/ SARD, ADB 7 September 2012 Disclaimer: In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Significance of SASEC 3. Progress Made Under SASEC 4. Challenges and Opportunities Ahead 5. Conclusions

1. Introduction

RCI in Practice in South Asia Afghanistan Pakistan Maldives Bhutan Nepal SASEC (2001) Bangladesh India Sri Lanka Myanmar Thailand SAARC (1985) BIMSTEC (1997) SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SASEC - South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation BIMSTEC - Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

Genesis of SASEC ADB supported the South Asia Growth Quadrilateral (SAGQ) that was endorsed by the Ninth Summit of the SAARC (Male Summit) in 1997 Founding members SAGQ: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal (BBIN) Four years later, in 2001, ADB launched South Asian Sub-regional Economic Cooperation Program (SASEC)

2. Significance of SASEC

For SASEC Countries Bangladesh: New markets, develop its ports, energy import Bhutan: Access to ports, export of energy India: Access to ports for NE, transit through Bangladesh to NE Nepal: Access to ports, export energy

North-East India Eastern and North Eastern states account for 21% of total area and around 26% of total population of India. Per capita GDP for NE India in 2008 was Rs25,800, while it was Rs42,143 for rest of India. FDI inflow (April 2000 to August 2010) in NE states is Rs 2,800 million compared to Rs1,849,560 million in Maharashtra and Rs1,099,810 in NCR Contribution to Exports by NE States is less than 8% compared to 24% by Maharashtra and 22% by Gujarat Deloitte and AMCHAM. 2011. Globalization for development of Eastern India. India Disclaimer: In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Inter-Regional SASEC consists of 4 countries of SAARC, and BIMSTEC SASEC along with Myanmar lie at the centre of Asia s transformational trio PRC, India and South East Asia With changes in Myanmar, the significance of SASEC as building block for inter-regional integration has boosted

Centrality of SASEC in The Garland of an Integrated Asia SASEC Asia is increasingly integrated economically stretching from the shores of the Black Sea in the West to the Western shores of the Pacific in the East and stretching from the Maldives and South Pacific to PRC and Central Asia in the North ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BIMP-EAGA Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation CAREC Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation GMS Greater Mekong Subregion IMT-GT Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Growth Triangle PIF Pacific Islands Forum SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Disclaimer: In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Strategic Importance of SASEC for Realizing Asian Century Himalayas PRC 20% GDP SASEC and Myanmar are at the centre of the connectivity between India, PRC and South East Asia India 16% GDP Key Role of SASEC and Myanmar Disclaimer: In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. SE & E Asia 16% GDP If the potential of Asia 2050 is to materialize, greater integration between India, South East Asia and PRC will be central Share or Global GDP (%) GDP figures- Estimate of global GDP contribution by India, PRC and South East Asia in 2050 if full potential realized 2009 2050

3. Progress Made Under SASEC

SASEC Areas of Cooperation Transport g Corridor Operational Efficiency g Regional road connectivity g Cross border inspections g Electronic data interchange Environment g Regional Air Quality Management g Networking of Experts g Freshwater Pollution g Hazardous Waste g Sustainable Development Corridor Trade, Investment and Private Sector Cooperation g South Asia Business Forum g Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers g Human Resource Development g ICT g Agro - processing g Audio - visual Entertainment g Tourism Tourism g SASEC Tourism Development Plan g Eco tourism and Buddhism g Joint Marketing Strategy Energy and Power g Rural Electrification g Electricity connections g Hydropower g Compressed Natural Gas g Four Borders Project ICT g Regional connectivity g E - community Center g Harmonization of regulations g Human Resource Development Since 2001, ADB has provided 14 regional technical assistance amounting to approximately $7.6 million to support the priority sectors under the SASEC program

A Decade of SASEC Flagship Projects SASEC Information Highway Project South Asia Tourism Infrastructure Development Project Bangladesh-India Electrical Interconnection Grid Project Sectoral Assistance Tourism : 10 year tourism development plan Transport: Identification of six priority corridors (SRMTS] Trade, Investment, and Private Sector Cooperation: South Asia Business Forum; private sector cooperation in non-tariff barriers Energy and Power: Power generation (SRETS); Dagachu Hydropower (Bhutan) Environment: Regional air quality management

SAARC Regional Multimodal Transport Study (SRMTS) RETA 6187 SRMTS recommendations 10 regional road corridors/gateways 5 regional rail corridors/gateways 10 maritime gateways 7 aviation gateways Policy measures to improve transport & trade facilitation Disclaimer: In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

ADB s Assistance to Improve Connectivity in India s North Eastern Region State Road Development Program covers 6 States in the NER to upgrade 430 km of roads at $200 million ADB is also considering investments in the chickenneck corridor of India by upgrading two key priority SASEC road corridors and in trade facilitation amounting to $105 million Source: ADB Project Documents, 2012 Disclaimer: In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

4. Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

Current Inter-Regional Trade (US$Billion) $23? Informal Trade SA $50 $57 $104 $212 PRC $181 $767 $95 $630 EA $1834 $52 $531 Source: Yue, CS. 2011. Asian Trade Patters, Production Networks, and SME Participation. Powerpoint $52 ASEAN $375 $556

Sub-Regional Shares in Trade Gains from Logistics Improvement Source: ADB TA: 7557 Promoting Regional Infrastructure Development (TA estimates based on COMTRADE data for 2009 and ADB Key Indicators for Asia and Pacific 2010.

Trade Facilitation (TF) 40 35 South Asia Bhutan Nepal 30 Bangladesh Time to import (days) 25 20 15 China India Thailand OECD members Sri Lanka 10 5 Singapore 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Time to export (days) Source: World Bank, 2010.

TF - Documentation 12 Bhutan Document required to import (number) 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 OECD members Singapore Thailand Bangladesh China India Sri Lanka Nepal South Asia 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Documents required to export (number) Source: World Bank, 2010.

Logistic performance index (overall) Singapore OECD members China Thailand India Bangladesh South Asia Bhutan Sri Lanka Nepal 25 22 21 20 19 16 15 14 14 13 0 5 10 15 20 25

Poor Cross Border Infrastructure

Regional Connectivity in North Eastern Region The LEP cannot be realized without providing the NER with world-class infrastructure and building a network of connectivity Development of NER s infrastructure includes (i) rail, road, inland water and air transportation; and (ii) communication networks to connect the NER with East Asia.

SASEC ++ Need for Strengthening BIMSTEC The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) aims to combine the Look West policy of Thailand and ASEAN with the Look East policy of India and South Asia BIMSTEC endorsed the Transport Infrastructure and Logistics Study (BTILS) [RETA 6335] BIMSTEC Transport Infrastructure and Logistics Study (BTILS) recommended policy framework and strategies to be implemented within the period 2008-2020; with priority projects/activities from 2008 to 2014 road development railway system harmonization and connectivity development of gateway ports and airports formulation of transport agreements and facilitation measures implementation of the logistics action plan

Strengthen BIMSTEC: Myanmar, the Missing Link Myanmar is the missing link to connect South Asia and East Asia New developments in Myanmar signal that it is now time to strengthen India s Look East Policy Myanmar has the potential to become an important land bridge and sea route to ASEAN, the PRC, and East Asia Strengthening BIMSTEC can be a strategic way to achieve linkages with Myanmar

Strengthen Greater Coordination Among SASEC, BIMSTEC and GMS Proactively steps to facilitate greater coordination among regional and subregional cooperation initiatives, primarily through: Increasing engagement with ASEAN Facilitating greater BIMSTEC cooperation Providing more support for SASEC Strengthening the Bangladesh, the PRC, India, and Myanmar (BCIM) Initiative Increasing support for CLMV (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Viet Nam) within the GMS framework Initiate and/or facilitate a common regional platform for subregional and regional programs to share information and strengthen coordination

6. Conclusions

Regional Cooperation : Immediate Neighbors Strengthen SASEC on transport connectivity, energy cooperation and trade facilitation Achieve seamless integration of movement of vehicles (road and rail) and goods in the SASEC Strengthen the BIMSTEC establish effective rail and road links between India-Bangladesh- Myanmar

Regional Cooperation: South East Asia and PRC SASEC + BIMSTEC grouping should work closely with GMS and ASEAN Transform the largely bilateral trade flows between PRC and South East Asia into trilateral trade flows between India (South Asia), PRC and South East Asia Create win-win opportunities and unlock Asia s full growth potential

Facilitating Role of ADB ADB plays key role in SASEC + BIMSTEC + GMS ADB committed to intra- and interregional cooperation ADB is committed to unlocking Asia s full growth potential, where success of SASEC is critical

Thank You

OREI Seminar on Regional Cooperation and Integration (RCI) Knowledge and Priorities 7 September 2012 Views from Regional Departments: Southeast Asia Department (SERD) Eric Sidgwick Principal Economist (Regional Cooperation) Regional Cooperation and Operations Coordination Division Southeast Asia Department

Presentation Outline Regional cooperation and integration in SERD Knowledge management in SERD Examples of RCI knowledge products and services in SERD RCI knowledge priorities in SERD

Regional Cooperation and Integration in SERD RCI in national programs (CPSs) in line with S2020 Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam, and Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in PRC. GMS Strategic Framework (SF-II), 2012-22 Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Philippines-East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA). Implementation Blueprint, 2012-16 Indonesia Malaysia Thailand-Growth Triangle (IMT-GT). Implementation Blueprint, 2012-16 ASEAN (SERD comprises all 10 member states); AIF and new ADB-ASEAN MoU (2012-2015) Preparation underway of a Regional Cooperation Strategy (RCS) for Southeast Asia, 2013-15

Knowledge Management in SERD SERD Knowledge Management Framework (2010) anchored on ADB s Plan of Action for Enhancing Knowledge Management Under S2020 SERD framework emphasizes that knowledge solutions and sharing are integral to SERD s core operational business of development support to the region SERD framework aims to improve the generation, capture, and communication of knowledge from the operational cycle and ensure that knowledge products and services (KPS) respond to, and are aligned with, needs of client countries SERD framework emphasizes Knowledge first, finance follows principle to meet client demands in increasingly sophisticated economies

Knowledge Management in SERD

Examples of RCI Knowledge Products and Services in SERD Regional/country economic, thematic and sector and advisory: Assessment of regional economic corridors (ECF) Regional Investment Framework for the GMS Regional ASRs as background to RCS for SEA, 2013-15 Policy, project specific analysis and advice Corridor/secondary towns development Core environment program-biodiversity conservation Capacity building, training, TA advisory and analytical: Transport and trade facilitation, incl. agricultural TF Phnom Penh Plan for Development Management Evaluation at program/project completion: Assessing socio-economic effects of regional projects

RCI Knowledge Priorities in SERD Deepen relevant, responsive and timely RCI knowledge support as part of ADB operations cycle and country/subregional/regional development cycles Enhancing use of lessons learned from past operations Include RCI knowledge in country knowledge plans that are country-demand driven and led, and coordinated through resident missions Build country ownership, and local knowledge network and provider capacity Ensure continuity of support and systematic uptake of RCI-knowledge

Thank You

The Pacific Department s Regional Cooperation and Integration Agenda Strategic approach and programmatic priorities Presentation for the ADB Seminar on Regional Cooperation and Integration (RCI) Knowledge and Priorities 7 September 2012

PARD s RCI operational priorities are guided by: ADB S Strategy 2020 The Pacific Plan (2005) Pacific Approach: 2010 2014 Regional operations business plan, which spells out RCI activities for the 2013 15 period.

The Pacific s unique environment shapes RCI efforts Large ocean joining widely dispersed countries across the Pacific Relative isolation of countries in the region, but shared interests, and cultural and colonial ties Fragile region: remoteness, narrow resource bases, prone to natural calamities Relatively costly to communicate, provide energy, and transport goods and people in the region But, high dependence on international trade

The Pacific s unique environment shapes RCI efforts Low long run growth rates Average growth of only about 1% per annum over the past decade, far less than population growth RCI core to efforts to spur Pacific growth by enabling countries to access economies of scale and share knowledge Constrained private sector opportunities in the non-resource rich Pacific Limited complementarities or comparative advantages Challenging business environments Conditions of Pacific economies unique and relatively under-studied Highlights importance of knowledge sharing and supporting regional institutions

Pacific Department s Approach to RCI Distinct face of regionalism in the Pacific Long standing cooperation within the region (40 + years) Relatively low level of integration Infrastructure and knowledge sharing focus Shared challenge to adapt to climate change But, economic and technological change generating New opportunities Rising benefits and interest in RCI

While conditions in the Pacific make enhancing RCI challenging, RCI advances in the region offer Yield high economic returns Are vital to enabling countries in the region to efficiently address shared challenges

Pacific RCI project portfolio since 2000 Approval ADF Country Project Name OCR No. Loan/Grant Others Cofinancier Total Amount Year of Approval 1754 PNG Rehabilitation of the Maritime Navigation Aids 20.6 - - - 20.6 2000 1902 FIJ Fiji Ports Development Project 16.8-8.5 CB-Intl 25.3 2002 1925 PNG Coastal Fisheries Management and Development - 5.7-5.7 2002 1948 RMI Outer Island Transport Infrastructure - 7.0-7.0 2002 1921 TUV Maritime Training Project - 1.8-1.8 2002 2079 PNG Community Water Transport Project - 19.0 4.0 OFID 23.0 2004 2088 TUV Maritime Training Project (supplementary loan) - 2.0-2.0 2004 2183 REG Establishment of the Pacific Aviation Safety Office - 1.5-1.5 2005 9113 PNG Lae Port Livelihood and Social Improvement Project - - 1.5 JFPR 1.5 2007 H/ AI (Coop. 102 PNG Lae Port Development Project: Mobilizing the - - 0.8 Fund f or Fight ing Private Sector to Respond to Gender and HIV/AIDS HIV/ AIDS) 0.8 2007 2398/2399 PNG Lae Port Development Project 60.0 40.0 6.0 OFID 106.0 2007 2472/2473 COO Avatiu Port Development Project 8.6 6.9-15.5 2008 127 SOL Domestic Maritime Support (Sector) - 14.0 5.3 EC 19.3 2008 2591 PNG Pilot Border Trade and Investment Development - 25.0-25.0 2009 2590 PNG Civil Aviation Development Investment Program (1) 25.0 70.0-95.0 2009 2739 COO Avatiu Port Development Project (supplementary) 4.7-0.8 CCF 5.5 2011 2803/2804 PNG Lae Port Development Project (additional financing) 85.0 4.1-89.1 2011 0256 TON Tonga-Fiji Submarine Cable Project - 9.7 16.5 IDA 26.2 2011 2820 VAN Interisland Shipping Support Project - 10.8 12.6 NZAID 23.4 2011 Totals 220.7 217.5 55.9 494.2

PARD s RCI-related projects and programs (2013-15) Lending for RCI related projects is expected to average $85 million annually Projects to develop the Pacific region s transport & ICT infrastructure, human capital development Reliance on regional ADF and cofinancing Program loans also embrace RCI goal Regional TA is anticipated to average $18.0 million annually Over half of this cost to be covered by cofinancing

PARD RCI Lending Pipeline (2013 2015) Year DMC Project Name OCR Loan ADB Source ADF Loan 2013 FSM Pohnpei Port Development 7.00 5.00 12.00 2013 PNG Civil Aviation Development Investment 65.00 15.00 80.00 30.00 Program (MFF, Tranche 2) 2013 REG Micronesian Fibre Optic Cable (FSM and PAL) 2013 REG High Education in the Pacific Investment Program (MFF, Tranche 2) 2013 VAN Information and Communication Technology Project 2014 REG High Education in the Pacific Investment Program (MFF, Tranche 3) Total (ADF + OCR) 12.00-12.00 25.00-13.55 13.55-7.00 7.00 17.00-2.85 2.85 2014 SAM Samoa Submarine Cable - 22.50 22.50 2014 TIM International Port Development Project 25.00-25.00 2015 PNG Civil Aviation Development Investment Program (MFF, Tranche 3) 40.00 40.00 80.00 Indicat. Cofinan. Totals 149.00 105.90 254.90 72.00

Nonlending (TA) Program for RCI Areas of focus Strengthening of core government function provision of basic services policy formulation financial management public sector management Support for regional bodies Pacific Regional Audit Initiative Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre Enhancement of regional common services (e.g., statistics, economic policy advice) SEE DETAILED LIST OF NONLENDING PIPELINE

PARD RCI knowledge products Highlights A Different Kind of Voyage: Development and Dependence in the Pacific Islands (1998) A Pacific Strategy for the New Millennium (2000) ADB's Pacific Approach 2010 2014 (2009) Coral Triangle Initiative Information Update No. 1 Oceanic Voyages: Aviation and Shipping in the Pacific Region (2007) Oceanic Voyages: Aviation in the Pacific (2007) Oceanic Voyages: Shipping in the Pacific (2007) Pacific Economic Monitor (3 times annually since Feb 2009) Pacific Trade Issues (2008) While Stocks Last: The Live Reef Food Fish Trade (2003) Navigating the Global Storm: A Policy Brief on the Global Economic Crisis (2008) Responding to the Priorities of the Poor: A Pacific Strategy for the Asian Development Bank 2005 2009 (2004) Swimming Against the Tide: An Assessment of the Private Sector in the Pacific (2004) Taking the Helm: A Policy Brief on a Response to the Global Economic Crisis (2009) Toward a New Pacific Regionalism (2005) Working in Fragile Environments: A Midterm Review of the Pacific Strategy (2005 2009) (2008)

Nonlending products and services 2012 Sources of Funding Others Assistance Name Sector Division Assistance Type Source Amount ($'000) Source Amount ($'000) Total ($'000) Enhancing Engagement with Pacific PSM PAOD R-CDTA 0 AUSG 2,016 2,016 Developing Member Countries, Phase 2 Public Sector Management PSM PAOD R-CDTA TASF 300 AUSG 2,800 3,100 Strengthening Sector Planning in the Pacific MUL PAOD R-PATA TASF 700 700 Strengthening Climate Risk and Resilience Capacity of Pacific Developing Member Countries, Phase 1 WSM PATE R-CDTA SCF1 195 195 Strengthening Climate Risk and Resilience MUL PATE R-CDTA Trust Fund 650 0 650 Capacity in Urban Development in the Pacific Establishment of the Pacific Infrastructure MUL PATE R-PATA 0 AUSG 1,500 1,500 Advisory Center (additional financing) Enhancing ADB s Engagement in Fragile PSM PAUS R-CDTA TASF 800 0 800 and Conflict Affected Situations Results-Based Project Management for PSM PAUS R-CDTA 0 AUSG 1,000 1,000 Pacific Developing Member Countries, Phase 2 Quality Primary Education in the Pacific EDU PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1,350 0 1,350 ADB Good Budget Management in the Pacific PSM SPSO ETSW IAE Pacific Energy Update ENE PATE ETSW IAE Public Enterprise Reform in Small States PSM SPSO ETSW IAE Total 3,800 7,511 11,311

Nonlending products and services ADB Assistance Name Sector Division Assistanc e Type Source 2013 Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative, Phase III MUL PLCO R-PATA TASF Trust Fund Sources of Funding Others Amount ($ 000) Source Amou nt ($'000) Total ($'000) 2,000 3,000 AusAID/NZ L 15,000 20,000 Pacific Infrastructure Advisory Center, Phase 2 MUL PATE R-PATA 0 AusAID 7,500 7,500 Implementing the Pacific Regional Audit Initiative in Pacific PSM PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1,300 0 1,300 Island Countries Strengthening Social Protection Systems in the Pacific HSP PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1,200 0 1,200 Strengthening Public Financial Management in PDMCs PSM PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD 1,000 1,000 Support on a Skills Strategy and Labor Market Analysis for EDU PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD 1,000 1,000 the Pacific ICT for Better Social Services in the Pacific TCT PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD 1,500 1,500 Transport Connectivity for Trade and Inclusive Growth TCT PATE R-PATA TASF 1,500 0 1,500 Developing Economic Linkages to Support Inclusive MUL PAOD RDTA Trust Fund 1,500 Growth Pacific Energy Update ENE PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Water Update WSM PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Transport Update TCT PATE ETSW IAE Labor-Based Approaches in Infrastructure MUL PATE ETSW IAE Strengthening Country Safeguards Systems in the Pacific MUL PATE ETSW IAE Youth Employment and Sustainable Development in the SOD PAUS ETSW IAE Pacific Total 9,000 18,500 35,000

Nonlending products and services ADB Sources of Funding Others Assistance Name Sector Division 2014 Assistance Type Source Amount ($ 000) Source Amount ($'000) Total ($'000) Promoting Evidence-Based Policy Making for Gender Equity in the Pacific, Phase II HSP PAUS R-CDTA TASF 1,000 TBD 300 1,300 Building Capacity for Statistics in the Pacific, Phase II PSM PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1,000 0 1,000 Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Center 2015 2018 PSM PAUS R-CDTA TASF 1,500 0 1,500 Strengthening Regulatory Capacity for ICT Development in the Pacific, Phase II TCT PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 800 0 800 Enhanced Engagement in PDMCs, Phase 3 PSM PAOD R-CDTA TASF 1,500 TBD 1,000 2,500 Pacific Economic Management, Subprogram 3 PSM PAOD R-CDTA TASF 500 TBD 2,000 2,500 Solid Waste Management WSM PAUS RDTA TASF 800 0 800 Pacific Energy Update ENE PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Water Update WSM PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Transport Update TCT PATE ETSW IAE Climate Change Proofing for Infrastructure Projects MUL PATE ETSW IAE Impacts of Interisland Shipping TCT PATE ETSW IAE Economic and Financial Impacts of Diesel Substitution by Coconut Oil on Pacific Island Economies ENE PATE ETSW IAE Total 7,100 3,300 10,400

Nonlending products and services ADB Sources of Funding Others Assistance Name Sector Division 2015 Assistance Type Source Amount ($' 000) Source Amount ($'000) Total ($'000) Public Sector Management, Phase II PSM PAUS R-CDTA 0 TBD 8,000 8,000 Enhancing ADB's Engagement in Fragile and Conflict Affected PSM PAUS R-CDTA TASF 800 0 800 Situations ICT for Better Social Services in the Pacific TCT PAUS R-CDTA TASF 500 TBD 1,500 2,000 Quality Education in the North Pacific, Phase 2 EDU PAUS R-CDTA Trust Fund 1,350 0 1,350 Pacific Economic and Social Analysis MUL PAOD RDTA TASF 1,000 0 1,000 Strengthening the Capacity of Pacific DMCs to Respond to Climate Change, Phase II (additional financing) MUL PATE R-CDTA TASF 1,000 0 1,000 Pacific Aviation Safety Office, Phase 2 TCT PATE R-CDTA TASF 1,500 0 1,500 Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coral Triangle Initiative in ANR PATE R-CDTA TASF 1,000 0 1,000 the Pacific Increasing Access to Renewable Energy ENE PATE R-PATA TASF 1,000 0 1,000 Pacific Energy Update ENE PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Water Update WSM PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Transport Update TCT PATE ETSW IAE Pacific Public Sector Management Update PSM PAUS ETSW IAE Developing Small Ports in the Pacific: Relevant Performance Indicators and Lessons Learned TCT PATE ETSW IAE Total 6,650 9,500 17,650 ANR = agriculture and natural resources; ADB = Asian Development Bank; CDTA = capacity development technical assistance; EDU = education; ENE = energy; ETSW = economic, thematic, and sector work; HSP = health and social protection; MUL = multisector; PATA = policy and advisory technical assistance; PAOD = Office of the Director General, Pacific Department; PATA = policy and advisory technical assistance; PATE = Pacific Transport, Energy, and Natural Resources Division; PAUS = Pacific Urban, Social Development and Public Management Division; PSM = public sector management; RDTA = research and development technical assistance; TASF = Technical Assistance Special Fund; TCT = transport and information and communication technology; WSM = water supply and other municipal infrastructure and services.

Seminar on RCI Knowledge and Priorities 7 September 2012 from EARD

CAREC Corridors 2010 2011 Indicator Mean Median Margin* Mean Median Margin* TFI1 Time to Clear a Border Crossing Point, in hours TFI2 Cost Incurred at Border Crossing Clearance, in US$ Cost Incurred to Travel a Corridor TFI3 Section, in US$, per 500km per 20 ton TFI4 Speed to Travel on CAREC Corridors, in kph (SWD) 8.7 4.1 ± 0.4 7.9 4.1 ± 0.5 186 114 ± 4 156 90 ± 4 712 405 ± 29 959 637 ± 27 23.5 22.6 ± 1.9 21.9 20.2 ± 1.6 SWOD Speed without Delay, in kph 35.2 37.5 ± 3.3 38.0 39.9 ± 2.1

Time (hrs) Corridor Performance Measurement and Monitoring Topa (PRC) - Bishkek (Kyrgyz Rep) - Corridor 1c 70 600 60 50 40 30 20 10 Depart from Topa to Torugart Border waiting 4 hours Border control, customs, health and weigh inspection at Torugart BCP 1.5 hours Refuelling at Naryn Waiting time at Custom going to At-Bashi 19 hours From Naryn to Bystrovka, police payments, $1.25 to $2.5 Time Custom check at Bishkek, 10.5 hours, $50 payment Cost 500 400 300 200 100 Cost (USD) 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Distance (km)

CPMM Partners Country Afghanistan Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Mongolia PRC Tajikistan Uzbekistan Associations AAFFCO ABADA KFFA KAZATO KGZ FOA ASMAP / AIA MNCCI / NTTFC NARTAM CIFA, CFXU IMLA XULA ABBAT ADBL AIRCUZ Analyses: Speed, cost, variations (by corridor, commodity (perishables), TIR, Key bottlenecks, key delaying and cost factors, Official and unofficial payments, etc.

Integrated Trade Facilitation Customs Cooperation Sanitary and Phytosanitary Corridor Logistics Development Regional Improvement of Border Services

Regional Cooperation RCI Platforms MON-PRC CAREC GMS GTI Pan-Beibu CHINA (HEILONGJIANG, INNER MONGOLIA, JILIN, LIAONING) KOREA MONGOLIA RUSSIA *JAPAN AFGHANISTAN AZERBAIJAN CHINA (XINJIANG, INNER MONGOLIA) MONGOLIA KAZAKHSTAN KYRGYZ REPUBLIC TAJIKISTAN TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN PAKISTAN CAMBODIA CHINA (YUNNAN, GUANGXI) LAOS MYANMAR THAILAND VIETNAM BRUNEI CHINA (GUANGXI) INDONESIA MALAYSIA PHILIPPINES SINGAPORE VIETNAM

RCI Conference - Kunming Linking all subregional platforms share experiences Potential inter-subregional linkages further research, studies, and KPSs

Thank You

RCI Knowledge Work and Priorities in CAREC Ronnie Butiong and Rose McKenzie CWRC ADB Seminar on the RCI Knowledge and Priorities 7 September 2012

3 Messages Knowledge is a powerful tool to promote RCI. CAREC places high importance on knowledge. CAREC Institute (CI) is an operational priority under CAREC 2020.

Showcase Knowledge Product: CAREC DEfR

CAREC Program Website 4

CAREC Mobile App 5

Challenges to the CI Link research more with sector-specific issues Use RCI-relevant materials, applied course content, and local resources in training Disseminate knowledge on a timely basis through a website/web discussion platform

CAREC Institute: Strategic Knowledge (3K) Framework

CAREC Institute (CI) Future Directions Work plan for 3K being formulated CI located in the region broadly agreed Physical CI in??? by???