AMERICA S ARMY: THE STRENGTH OF THE NATION. Army Power and Energy. Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army, Energy and Sustainability. Mr.

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1 Army Power and Energy Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army, Energy and Sustainability Mr. Richard Kidd

2 Strategic Context Energy Security is defined as having assured access to reliable supplies of energy and the ability to protect and deliver sufficient energy to meet mission essential requirements. * The Army has historically undervalued energy and energy security - Evolving from a framework that viewed resource considerations as constraints on operational effectiveness to a perspective that considers the critical role of resources as mission enablers Treating energy as a free good (unintentionally) creates vulnerabilities and risks Energy is a vulnerability that can be exploited and energy shortfalls can increase mission risk A ready and resilient Army has secure access to energy, which allows it to act in a complex and rapidly evolving world Energy improvements enhance range, endurance, and agility, particularly in the future security environment where logistics may be constrained Quadrennial Defense Review Maintaining our tactical and strategic edge heavily depends upon the wise use of our resources energy, water, and land to preserve future choices through superior knowledge, technologies, and execution. ES 2 Strategy, May 2015 *FY 2012, NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT (NDAA) 2

3 Drivers of Change Dynamic Threat Environment Increasing Requirements Changing Energy Reality Increased Opportunity and Requirement for Installation Resiliency 3

4 Increasing Requirements Requirements: Increasing operational requirements for CONUS installations (e.g., HSMCC) Installations serve as power projection platforms during natural disasters and threats against the homeland Legislative and policy requirements Grid Fragility Physical Attacks Installation Energy Risk Factors Climate Impacts Cyber Attacks Home Station Mission Command Center (HSMCC) 4

5 Dynamic Threat Environment Threats: Physical: Increasing trend in power interruptions on Army facilities Cyber and Physical Attacks: Risk of cyber attack and attempted physical sabotage Climate: Increasing extreme weather events like Hurricane Katrina, Superstorm Sandy A power plant in the Crimean region of Ukraine Police investigate shooting of substation in San Jose Tornado damages high voltage lines at Redstone Arsenal 5

6 Changing Energy Reality Renewables Share of Generation doublings of installed photovoltaic capacity in past 15 years - 4 doublings of installed wind capacity in past 15 years Decreasing Cost of Energy - Onshore wind costs have fallen ~50% since Solar PV module costs have fallen ~80% since Battery storage costs have fallen ~85% since 2008/ Natural gas costs have fallen ~15% since 2009 Fusion of IT with ET Transition to Distributed Energy Resources 6

7 Changing Energy Reality Index of Key Energy-Related Emissions Drivers GDP Energy (CO 2 ) Carbon Intensity of Energy GDP is increasing, but energy consumption remains flat Source: EIA October 2015 Monthly Energy Review 7

8 ES 2 Strategy Purpose: The ES 2 Strategy is designed to explain the Army s energy and sustainability posture and establish the underlying basis for an Army that adopts security, resiliency, and future choice as organizing approaches Vision: A ready and resilient Army strengthened by secure access to the energy, water, and land resources in order to preserve future choice in a rapidly changing world Task: Replace the 2009 Army Energy and Sustainability Implementation Strategy (AESIS) Integrate energy security and sustainability into a resiliency framework Expand Army-wide awareness of energy and sustainability concepts, leading to energy-informed decision making 8

9 2014 QDR & Climate Change The impacts of climate change may increase the frequency, scale, and complexity of future missions, including defense support to civil authorities, while at the same time undermining the capacity of our domestic installations to support training activities. (pg. vi) Climate change poses another significant challenge for the United States and the world at large. These effects are threat multipliers that will aggravate stressors abroad such as poverty, environmental degradation, political instability, and social tensions (pg. 8) Finally, the Department will employ creative ways to address the impact of climate change, which will continue to affect the operating environment and the roles and missions that U.S. Armed Forces undertake. (pg. 25) We will complete a comprehensive assessment of all installations to assess the potential impacts of climate change on our missions and operational resiliency, and develop and implement plans to adapt as required. (pg. 25) 9

10 Climate Adaptation Roadmap 2014 DoD Climate Change Adaptation Roadmap Required under EO Four Lines of Effort set enterprise-wide approach: 1. Plans & Operations 2. Training & Testing 3. Built & Natural Infrastructure 4. Acquisition & Supply 10

11 LOE 1: Plans and Ops The effects of climate change will drive weak governance & accelerate other megatrends Demand for disaster response & humanitarian assistance missions is expected to increase 11

12 LOE 1: Plans and Ops Hurricane/ Tropical Storm Support Total Soldiers: 439 States Involved: 4 Missions: 3 ManDay SAD/T32: 102 / 347 Wildfires Total Soldiers: 3,039 States Involved: 18 Missions: 13 ManDay SAD/T32: / 2784 Winter Storm Response Total Soldiers: 4122 States Involved: 9 Missions: 2 ManDay SAD/T32: 1600 / 650 Severe Weather Total Soldiers: 591 States Involved: 18 Missions: 7 ManDay SAD/T32: / 2116 Search and Rescue Total Soldiers: 138 States Involved: 9 Missions: 9 ManDay SAD/T32: 68 / 328 Flood Support Total Soldiers: 387 States Involved: 8 Missions: 6 ManDay SAD/T32: 2634/ 112 Law Enforcement Total Soldiers: 2977 States Involved: 6 Missions: 4 ManDay SAD/T32: /

13 LOE 2: Training & Testing Live-fire restrictions CAMP WILLIAMS PTA 13

14 Temperature F AMERICA S ARMY: Training & Heat Stress Relative Humidity (%) 2010 ~80 days/yr 2100 ~135 days/yr can be translated into the Army Wet Bulb Globe Temperature categories 14

15 LOE 3: Built & Natural Infrastructure National Climate Assessment: Ft Irwin, Aug 2013: an extreme rainfall event caused severe erosion, washed out roads, & toppled structures & support electronics in the training range, resulting in $64M in damages Ft Jackson, Oct 2015: The weather forced us to cease daily operations, close schools, coordinate with state government and support local (and federal emergency) response, said R.J. Frazier, Fort Jackson's emergency manager. Photo Credit: Wallace McBride, Fort Jackson Leader 15

16 LOE 4: Acquisition & Supply National Climate Assessment Domestic Risk Prolonged droughts & increased severe weather events: More frequent production disruptions Affects on water-intensive manufacturing Disruptions to key transportation modes and routes Higher cost of commodities & goods Cumulative impact on critical suppliers 16

17 Other Installation Impacts? What is the impact of climate change on: Housing & barracks Mold & air-born pollutants Repair frequency HVAC operations & utility costs CDCs Landscaping & artificial turf Adequate outdoor shade/cooling Pest management Shift in species? new species? Extended periods of exposure? Water systems Maintenance (freeze/thaw; disinfection residual) Regional availability? Outages? Emergency response planning Increased wildfire risk? severe storms? Natural Resources Impacts to TES? land management? National Climate Assessment: Acts of Nature 17

18 Research and Development of innovative S&T solutions to more efficiently plan, design, construct, operate and maintain installations, including contingency bases Purpose: Increase installation mission readiness Increase installation energy and water security, decrease waste, while reducing overall costs and usage rates Support highly sustainable installations Reduce installation lifecycle costs Adaptive & Resilient Installations Mission Component Maintenance & Renewal Energy Efficiency 18

19 Advanced Material Development & Construction Methods Reduce energy losses through building envelopes Develop mitigation strategies using modeling and advanced materials to meet mandated energy reduction goals Installations Energy Advanced Materials Print custom-designed expeditionary structures on-demand, in the field, using locally available materials and a minimum of personnel. Reduced construction time (4-5 days to 1 day) Reduced construction requirements (8 personnel to 3 personnel per structure) Reduced logistics (materials shipped, personnel and resources to sustain the structures and personnel) Decreased material shipped from out of theater (5 tons to less than 2.5 tons) 19

20 Systems-of-Systems Approach for Planning & Operation Integrated modeling to support Installation master planning for Energy, Water, and Waste (EW 2 ) resource optimization Reduced energy, water, waste, and GHG to meet Army requirements Integrated approach to management of resources progressing toward netzero end states Improved local and regional security Practical/efficient water sustainment technologies enabling maximal water reuse, harvesting, and monitoring at Army CBs 25% reduction in net water demand $2M/year savings per 1000 PAX base Reduced manpower and energy Increased security 20

21 Integrated Planning, Assessment & Design Tools Integrated planning, design & analysis toolset for contingency base (CB) camps Rapid assessment of the serviceability/life cycle sustainability of CB designs Simulates CB operations to identify areas to improve mission effectiveness & efficiency Training tool for personnel (CB design, planning, operations and management activities) Tools to assesses impact of physical, ecological, and sociocultural environments for CB site selection, design, operations and maintenance Increased mission effectiveness through operational environmental assessment of CB site selection, design, and O&M Reduced logistical burdens through optimal CB site selection and design Improved acceptance by the local population of military presence, CB construction, O&M activities, and transition through consideration of sociocultural values FUNCTION STATUS CURRENT REQUIRED Potable Water Storage 20,000 gal 17,000 gal Housing 200 m m 2 Power Generation Capacity 360 kw 420 kw 21

22 Rapidly Changing Conditions Flooding on the Mississippi River, May 2011 Low Water on the Mississippi River, May

23 Office of Energy Initiatives The Army Office of Energy Initiatives (OEI) centrally manages, develops, and executes large-scale renewable energy projects, 10 MW or greater, by leveraging private Financing. Renewable energy produced on Army installations increases energy security and enhances mission effectiveness. 28 MW Biomass Plant Fort Drum, NY, Feb MW Hybrid Solar and Wind Project, Fort Hood, TX, Groundbreaking Jan MW Solar Array, Fort Benning GA, Jan 2016 >133,000 Solar Panels Good for the Army, Good for Industry, Good for Communities 23

24 Army Large-Scale RE Projects Fort Irwin 13 MW solar Yakima Training Center Tooele Army Depot >10 MW for solar/wind Fort Drum 60 MW biomass Operational Nov 14 Installation Project Status: Operations Construction Contracts and Agreements Project Assessment & Validation Project Opportunities Fort Drum CA ARNG Aggregated PV JFTB Los Alamitos Schofield Barracks 50 MW biodiesel Fort Irwin Tooele Army Depot Fort Huachuca 18 MW solar Operational Jan 15 Fort Huachuca Fort Bliss Schofield Barracks TX ARNG Fort Riley Fort Sill Redstone Arsenal 25 MW renewable CHP Fort Hood Rock Island Arsenal Anniston Army Depot 10.6 MW solar Redstone Arsenal 8 MW solar Redstone Arsenal Anniston Army Depot Camp Ravenna Fort Indiantown Gap Fort Gordon Fort Benning Fort Rucker Fort Detrick Fort Meade Fort Pickett Fort Stewart Fort Detrick 15 MW solar Operational Feb 16 Fort Gordon 30 MW solar Fort Stewart 30 MW solar Fort Benning 30 MW solar AK HI Fort Hood 15 MW Onsite solar; 50 MW offsite wind Fort Rucker 10.6 MW solar Increasing Energy Security and Resiliency Across Army Installations 24

25 Army on the Geographic Frontier of U.S. Renewable Energy Market Installation Project Status: Operations Construction Contracts and Agreements Project Assessment & Validation Project Opportunities Fort Sill Redstone Arsenal 25 MW renewable CHP Anniston Army Depot 10.6 MW solar Redstone Arsenal 8 MW solar Redstone Arsenal Anniston Army Depot Fort Pickett Fort Gordon Fort Benning Fort Stewart Fort Rucker Fort Gordon 30 MW solar Fort Stewart 30 MW solar Fort Benning 30 MW solar Fort Rucker 10.6 MW solar Solar projects at Ft. Gordon, Ft. Stewart, and Ft. Benning (~90 MW) have TRIPLED PV capacity in Georgia 25

26 Iterative RE Development The Army Guide outlines the approach and processes for project development The development and due diligence process can be used across each of the early phases of the lifecycle Projects should be analyzed using the 8 Assessment Criteria and evaluated for viability Projects with sufficient viability to justify increased investment should be moved forward; those that are not viable should be suspended Portfolio Development Phase 1 Project Assessment Phase 2 Project Validation Phase 3 Contracts and Agreements Phase 4 Construction Phase 5 Operations and Support Operating Portfolio 8 Assessment Criteria Mission/Security Economics Real Estate Regulatory Off-Take Integration Environmental Procurement 26

27 Example - Fort Hood FORT HOOD 15 MW Solar and 50 MW Wind Army s first hybrid (solar and wind AC) renewable energy project Army s first project to include both on and off installation generation Army s largest single renewable energy project to date Provides long term price stability and reduces price risk $168 Million in projected present value cost avoidance for Army over life of contract Brings in more than $1 million in fair market rental revenue over the 30 year term Over the life of the contract the project is expected to deliver at least 30% cost savings from the conventional rate 27

28 Example - Fort Drum FORT DRUM 60MW Biomass Biomass Generation Facility (BGF) supplies 100% of garrison's electricity The system operates independent of the local utility, National Grid Fort Drum's electricity supply and consumption are not affected by outages National Grid may experience Should the BGF go offline, Fort Drum's substations automatically revert to taking electricity from National Grid 28

29 Example - Schofield Barracks Army is providing land at Schofield Barracks for Hawaiian Electric to construct, own, operate and maintain a 50 MW biofuel-capable power generation plant As consideration for the lease, Hawaiian Electric will give the Army first call on the electricity it produces during sustained outages or security threats 50 MW of firm power is sufficient to meet the peak electricity requirements at Schofield Barracks, Wheeler Army Airfield, and Field Station Kunia Ensures that Army critical national security and first response missions can be carried out even when the island wide utility grid has been compromised Energy security benefits extend beyond Army - Shortens the time required to restore power to the surrounding community - Provides capability and capacity to start up other Hawaiian Electric generation units 29

30 Resilient Contingency Bases Integrated and Distributed Technologies Critical Systems Remain operational in the face of disruptive events Flexible and Diverse Capabilities Adaptability to Uncertain and Changing Conditions Reduced Resource Resupply Burden Improved Efficiency Space Heater Results measured as increased capability, reduced vulnerability, and dollars saved Distributed Renewable Generation Black Waste Remediation Energy Efficient Shelters 30

31 Operational Energy Savings Before After Results VSP LAM/COP GIRO Multiple Generators running at sub-optimal levels Generator wetstacking High Generator Maintenance Resupplied by airdrop (LAM), Sling Load (GIRO) Significant equipment and manpower requirement for resupply VSP LAM/COP GIRO Balanced generator with loads to remove excess generators Installed hybrid energy solutions to meet energy demands of mission critical systems Improved reliability of supply Provided OE Subject Matter Expertise to Leaders & Soldiers POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF OE INVESTMENTS ACROSS ALL OF AFGHANISTAN M gallons fuel ->$107,000,000 -> 160,000 man hrs - > 63,000 gen hrs > 15,000 C-17 hrs - > 190,000 UH-60 hrs - near total readiness for sensitive electrons VSP LAM Reduced fuel consumption 120 Gallons per Day (GPD) Reduced # of Generators online 60% Enhanced mission effectiveness Savings: - ROI 6 months FBCF: $12.60 Fuel: 43,800 Gal Dollars: $551,880 Equipment: 25 (C17) Flight Hours Soldier: 228 Man-Hours COP GIRO Reduced fuel consumption 107 GPD Reduced # of Generators online 40% Enhanced mission effectiveness Savings: - ROI 4 months FBCF: $20.38 Fuel: 38,520 Gal Dollars: $785, Equipment: 216 (UH60) Flight Hours Soldier: 1771 Man-Hours 31

32 Resilient Soldiers Lightweight Soldier power solutions intended for the most austere operating environments Reduce Soldier Load (Extended patrol time) and Increased Lethality Increased Use of Rechargeable Batteries Reduced Sustainment Requirements Increased Logistics Readiness and Operational Effectiveness Solar Harvesting Smart Textiles Microgrids Inter-platform Wireless Charging Renewables Kinetic Energy Harvesting Universal Battery Charging ALWAYS CONNECTED 32

33 Working With the Army ASA(IE&E): ACSIM: USACE: Renewable Energy on Army Lands Large Scale Renewable Energy Projects (>10MW): Siting Clearinghouse: Science and Technology Army Acquisition Business Website: Base Camp Integration Laboratory: Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center: Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center: National Defense Center for Energy and Environment: Network Integration Evaluation: Rapid Equipping Force: Facilities Energy Innovation Net Zero: Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) & Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP): Energy Security and Sustainability (ES2) Strategy: Vehicle Innovation Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center: Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center: Small Businesses Army Small Business Innovation Research Program: 33