Close Combat Weapon Systems (CCWS) The CCWS Project Office manages a range of antiarmor missile and target acquisition

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1 MISSILES AND SPACE PROGRAMS The Program Executive Office (PEO) Missiles and Space provides centralized management for all Army air and missile defense and tactical missile programs as well as selected Army space programs. The PEO is responsible for the full life-cycle management of assigned programs. The PEO Missiles and Space reports to the Army Acquisition Executive and is aligned with the Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command at Redstone Arsenal, Ala. This materiel enterprise relationship enhances the PEO s ability to provide the world s finest support to our Army, joint service, interagency, and coalition warfighters and customers while continuing the Army s modernization. The portfolio of programs assigned to the PEO Missiles and Space spans the full spectrum of the acquisition process from system development to acquisition, testing, production, product improvement, fielding, sustainment and eventual retirement from the force. A number of programs are joint programs developed with the other services. Two programs within the PEO are international cooperative development programs, with other countries sharing in the development as full partners. In addition to specific acquisition programs, the PEO is applying a systemof-systems acquisition approach to meet warfighters needs and obtain the desired capabilities of the Army Air and Missile Defense (AMD) Future Force. This approach requires the systems to be restructured into components of sensors, launchers, missiles, and Battle Management Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (BMC 4 I), utilizing a standard set of interfaces and networks to communicate. The Army s Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) acquisition approach will ensure that the materiel solutions for the Army s AMD Future Force will provide the capabilities required by the warfighter. Close Combat Weapon Systems (CCWS) The CCWS Project Office manages a range of antiarmor missile and target acquisition systems. Current programs include the Tube-launched, Optically Tracked, Wire-guided (TOW) 2, TOW 2A, TOW 2B, Javelin, Improved Target Acquisition System (ITAS) and Improved Bradley Acquisition System (IBAS). The BGM-71 TOW missile system, with the multimission TOW 2A, TOW 2B, TOW 2B Aero and TOW Bunker Buster missiles, is a long-range, multimission, precision-attack weapon system used throughout the world. TOW is in service in more than 40 international armed forces and integrated on more than 15,000 ground, vehicle and helicopter platforms worldwide. TOW is also the preferred heavy assault weapon system for NATO, coalition, United Nations and peacekeeping operations worldwide. The TOW 2A, TOW 2B, TOW 2B Aero and TOW Bunker Buster missiles can be fired from all TOW launchers, ITAS, Stryker antitank guided missile (ATGM) vehicles (modified ITAS), and Bradley fighting vehicles. The ITAS includes a second-generation forward looking infrared (FLIR) that uses standard advanced dewar assembly (SADA II) technology and an eye-safe laser rangefinder. The TOW ITAS provides a highly mobile, adverse weather, day-or-night capability needed by early entry forces to destroy advanced threat armor at greater standoff ranges in the main battle area. BGM-71 Tube-launched, Optically Tracked, Wire-guided Missile System The ITAS features an automatic bore-sighting capability, aided target tracking, embedded training, BIT/BYTE and traversing unit modifications. These features ensure crew survivability through increased standoff range and improved performance in the battlefield environment. The TOW weapon system, with its extended-range performance, is the longrange precision heavy antitank/assault missile of choice for the U.S. Army s Stryker, Bradley and ITAS-Humvee platforms, and the U.S. Marine Corps Humvee, light armored vehicle and AH-1W Cobra platforms. It also can be operated in a dismounted ground mode. The TOW weapon system entered its production and deployment phase in Since then, multiple variations of the missile and launcher systems have been fielded. The obsolete TOW wire guidance link has been replaced with a radio frequency (RF) guidance link that is transparent to both the gunner and all TOW platforms. All TOW missile variants with RF guidance link have been qualified, and production of TOW 2B RF, TOW Bunker Buster RF, TOW 2A RF and TOW Practice RF missiles is ongoing. The Javelin is a shoulder-launched, fireand-forget, manportable, antiarmor and assault weapon system optimized for attacking and destroying armored tank targets, buildings, bunkers and hovering helicopters. It replaced the Dragon antiarmor missile system and provides a mediumrange multipurpose capability for infantry, scouts and combat engineers. The system is lethal against tanks with conventional, reactive armor and a variety of other targets. Javelin has been used successfully in Iraq and Afghanistan to defeat armored targets, bunkers and hard-to-reach targets in urban terrain without endangering friendly forces or noncombatants. The system has two major tactical components: a reusable command launch unit (CLU) and a missile sealed in a disposable launch tube assembly. The CLU is a compact, lightweight, target-acquisition device that incorporates an integrated day/second-generation thermal sight, launch controls and a gunner s eyepiece display. The CLU allows the gunner to select two distinct attack mode trajectories: direct attack or top attack. The CLU provides target engagement capability in adverse weather and countermeasure environments. The CLU may also be used in the stand-alone mode for battlefield surveillance and target detection and has been effective in Afghanistan and Iraq. The missile is 127 mm in diameter with a staring, imaging infrared seeker; a featurebased tracker; dual shaped-charge warheads; dual in-line solid-propellant launch and flight motors; and the Javelin launch tube assembly, an expendable carbon fiber launch tube to house the missile and interface with the CLU. The complete round is 304 ARMY October 2013

2 described as wooden, as it requires no pre-use testing or maintenance. The round shelf life requirement is 10 years. The Javelin system weighs 49 pounds and its maximum range is more than 2,500 meters. Javelin s most important technical feature is the use of fire-and-forget technology that allows the gunner to fire and immediately take cover. Additional special features are the top-attack and direct-fire modes (for targets under cover), advanced tandem warhead, imaging infrared seeker, target lock-on before launch and soft launch. Soft launch allows Javelin to be fired safely from enclosures and covered fighting positions, increasing gunner survivability. The time required to prepare Javelin for firing is less than 30 seconds, with a reload time of less than 20 seconds. Cruise Missile Defense Systems (CMDS) The CMDS Project Office is the centralized manager for the Army s short- and medium-range air defense systems and counterfires radars. CMDS is equipping the current and Future Force with an integrated air and missile defense and counterfires capability. Programs include Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensor System (JLENS), Firefinder (TPQ-37), TPQ-53 Radar (which replaces Firefinder), Lightweight Counter Mortar FIM-92 Stinger Manportable Air Defense System Radar (TPQ-50), Improved Sentinel Radar (AN/MPQ-64), Stinger-based Systems, and Integrated Fire Protection Capability Increment 2-Intercept (IFPC2-I), a pre-major defense acquisition program (MDAP). Stinger-based Systems, Avenger and the Manportable Air Defense System (MAN- PADS) provide forward area air defense. Stinger is a fire-and-forget infrared/ultraviolet (IR/UV) missile system. Avenger is highly mobile and provides shoot-on-themove capabilities in day, night and adverse weather operations. Along with Stinger, it is designed to counter hostile, low-flying unmanned aerial vehicles, cruise missiles, rotary-wing aircraft and high-performance fixed-wing aircraft. Stinger provides low-altitude defense for ground forces against aerial observation or attack by threat aircraft. Stinger missiles have extensive counter-countermeasure capabilities, can engage targets from any aspect including head-on, and utilize a highexplosive, hit-to-kill warhead. The AN/MPQ-64 Improved Sentinel provides 360-degree air surveillance and acquisition tracking, day or night, in adverse weather conditions and in battlefield envi- October 2013 ARMY 305

3 ronments of dust, smoke, aerosols and enemy countermeasures. The Improved Sentinel contributes to the digital battlefield by automatically detecting, classifying, identifying and reporting cruise missiles, unmanned aerial systems, and rotary- and fixed-wing threats. The system s antiradiation missile and electronic countermeasuresresistant performance supports air defense operations across the full spectrum of conflict. Sentinel modernization efforts include the new AN/TPX-57 mode 5 IFF, a modernized radar control terminal, and a router for increased communications flexibility and information assurance. Sentinel has begun production of 56 new radars for divisional support: 51 radars will be integrated onto a new family of medium tactical vehicles (FMTV) platform and corresponding trailers. Some of the new radars will be used as repair cycle floats to support a depot overhaul capability. The Joint Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensor System (JLENS) uses advanced sensor and networking technologies to provide 360-degree wide-area surveillance and precision tracking of land attack cruise missiles. JLENS detects stressing, terrain-masked cruise missiles and other air-breathing threats, permitting extended engagement ranges for current air defense systems. A JLENS orbit consists of two systems: a fire-control radar (FCR) system and a widearea surveillance radar (SuR) system. Each system is composed of a 74-meter tethered aerostat, a mobile mooring station, a radar system, data and voice communications equipment, a control group, and associated ground support equipment. JLENS is designed to distribute surveillance, track and identification data contributing to the single integrated air picture via link 16 and the cooperative engagement capability. AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel 306 ARMY October 2013 The AN/TPQ-37 (V) Firefinder Radar is a highly mobile counterfire radar designed for automatic first-round location of weapons firing projectile-type rounds. The system operates in a hostile mode by tracking enemy fire; enemy fire point of origin location coordinates are interfaced to a tactical fire-control system that will direct counter fire. Enemy fire impact point predictions are used to protect soldiers and assets. The system also tracks friendly weapons, sending registration and fire adjustment information to the fire-control center. It can also provide early warning of incoming fire and allows for the direction of counterfires when guarding against rocket-, artilleryand mortar-based threats. The AN/TPQ-53 Radar is a highly mobile counterfire target acquisition radar, capable of locating hostile mortar, artillery and rocket fires in a clutter environment and providing friendly artillery registration. The system provides surveillance against all counterfire threats at increased ranges and accuracies, including 360 degrees of coverage and 90-degree sector coverage. The principal functions of the system are to detect, track, classify and accurately determine the point of origin and the point of impact of enemy indirect fires. The AN/TPQ-50 Lightweight Counter Mortar Radar (LCMR) performs target detection, verification, tracking and classification of enemy and friendly mortar, cannon and rocket locations. It provides continuous 360-degree detection and location of indirect fire-firing weapons. It is small, lightweight and manportable by two soldiers. When a weapon is detected, the system sends a warning message to the operator indicating a round is being processed. The Integrated Fire Protection Capability Increment 2-Intercept (IFPC2-I) is a pre-mdap effort. It will be a ground-based weapon system transported by Army common mobile platforms, with an integrated set of capabilities designed to acquire, track, engage and defeat rockets, artillery and mortar projectiles in flight. It will integrate into the existing air and missile defense architecture. The Counter-Rocket, Artillery, Mortar (C-RAM) is an evolutionary, nondevelopmental program initiated by the Army Chief of Staff in response to the indirect fire (IDF) threat and a validated operational needs statement. The primary mission of the C-RAM program is to develop, procure, field and maintain a system of systems (SoS) that can detect RAM launches; provide localized warning to the defended area, with sufficient time for personnel to take appropriate action; intercept rounds in flight, thus preventing damage to ground forces or facilities; and enhance response to and defeat of enemy forces. The C-RAM capability is a combination of multiservice fielded and nondevelopmental item sensors, command-and-control (C2) equipment, warning systems, and a modified U.S. Navy intercept system (land-based phalanx weapon system), with a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) wireless local area network (LAN). The forward area air defense (FAAD) C2 system, also under the management of the C-RAM program directorate, has been enhanced to integrate the sensors, weapons and warning systems to provide C2 for the C-RAM SoS. C-RAM C2 software correlates RAM sensor data, evaluates the threat, provides early warning, directs engagements, and cues counterfire systems and reaction forces. The C-RAM capability provides correlated air and ground pictures and links units to the Army Mission Command systems and the joint defense network with various forms of communications, providing situational awareness and exchange of timely and accurate information to synchronize and optimize automated shape, sense, warn, intercept, respond and protect decisions. The C-RAM senseand-warn capability is deployed to forward operating bases (FOB) in two theaters of operation. C-RAM s sense-and-warn performance has been extremely successful, providing timely warning for more than 2,500 rocket and mortar attacks against C-RAM FOBs with a minimum of false warnings, saving countless lives. The C-RAM intercept capability is credited with more than 175 successful intercepts of rockets and mortar rounds fired at high-value assets. The C-RAM intercept assets are undergoing reset and will be fielded to composite Indirect Fire Protection Capability (IFPC) and Avenger battalions as required by the Army. Capability enhancements include development and deployment of Ka and Ku band sensors, improved radars for detection of stressing threats, integration of military spectrum communica-

4 tions, integration with unmanned aerial systems universal ground station and dynamic clearance of unplanned fires. The C-RAM program directorate is also the materiel developer for the accelerated improved intercept initiative (AI3), a rapiddevelopment effort to provide an intercept capability to defeat stressing threats. AI3 is under development, with live-fire testing anticipated for the fourth quarter of fiscal year (FY) RAM Warn transitioned to an ACAT III acquisition program as an enduring capability. RAM Warn is a horizontal technology insertion using C-RAM warning equipment to provide early, localized warning to all maneuver brigade combat teams (BCT). It will employ the air defense airspace management (ADAM) cell already resident in the BCT headquarters as the C2 element; use existing radars in the target acquisition platoon of the fires battalion as the sense element; and add enhanced C2, warning devices, controllers and dedicated communications devices between the existing radars, the ADAM cell and warning devices. Integration of this equipment provides a warn capability to BCTs for detection of threat IDF rounds, transmission of the detection data to the C2 element for correlation and determination of a predicted point of impact, and passage of the point-of-impact information to audio and visual alarms for Counter-Rocket, Artillery, Mortar system localized or full-area warning over the defended area. Timely warning will enable those BCT personnel in the hazard area of an inbound IDF threat to seek cover or a prone position before impact, thus reducing casualties. The Air and Missile Defense Planning and Control System (AMDPCS) provides the C2 capability for air defense artillery (ADA) brigades, Army air and missile defense commands (AAMDC), and maneuver BCT and joint force C2 elements such as the battlefield coordination detachments (BCD). AMDPCS provides various air defense shelter systems for all echelons, built on a baseline known as the ADAM shelter. The Air and Missile Defense Workstation (AMDWS) is a common defense/staff planning and situational awareness/situational understanding software tool. AMDWS is deployed with AMD units at all echelons and is also a component of the ADAM. The AMDWS performs all aspects of AMD force operations. It assists in the automated development of the intelligence preparation of the battlefield; provides situational awareness; and is capable of planning, coordinating and synchronizing the air, land, and sea Oshkosh Defense October 2013 ARMY 307

5 battle. AMDWS is the interoperability link for AMD forces with the Army Mission Command systems and provides the air situational input to the common operational picture. The Forward Area Air Defense Command and Control (FAAD C2) system consists of common hardware, software and communications equipment to meet the C2 and targeting needs of ADA battalions and C-RAM deployments. FAAD C2 supports the AMD mission by providing command, control and intelligence (C2I) information to higher, adjacent and lower units. Computer displays allow commanders access to databases for the air picture, situation reports, enemy assessments and friendly forces. The system provides an embedded training capability that will replicate those situations encountered in actual mission operation. Evolving software capabilities are added with each new version throughout the FAAD C2 development cycle. The FAAD C2 system also has the capability to interface with joint and NATO C2 systems. To accomplish its mission, FAAD C2 is integrated into and interoperates with both the Army Mission Command systems and AMDWS. The AMDWS is integrated in FAAD C2-equipped battalions at the ADA battery and battalion command posts and is a product under the AMDPCS program. The FAAD C2 engagement operations subsystem provides the joint air picture via implementation of two-way tactical digital information link (TADIL)-A, -B and -J links. The FAAD C2 system is the backbone for the C-RAM system and assists with digitization of the battlefield by providing air situational awareness to the supported force and alerting and cueing to C-RAM systems and FAAD weapons. The FAAD C2 systems support C-RAM by receiving and correlating sensor inputs, then alerting the intercept system and the sense-and-warn elements of an impending RAM attack. FAAD C2 s ever-expanding mission encompasses the detection, acquisition and identification of enemy mortar and rocket projectiles, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles; the distribution and dissemination of C2I data among the AMD units and combined arms elements; the provision of early warning; and the alerting of supported forces. Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) The IAMD Project Office manages the Army IAMD (AIAMD) program and is uniquely structured to enable the development of an overarching SoS capability with all participating ADA components functioning interdependently to provide total operational capabilities that the individual element systems cannot achieve. The AIA- MD program does this by establishing the AIAMD architecture and developing the IAMD Battle Command Systems (IBCS) Engagement Operations Center (EOC) that provides the common Mission Command capability, the integrated fire-control network (IFCN) capability for fire-control connectivity and distributed operations, and the common plug and fight (P&F) kits that network-enable multiple sensor components, weapon components and the IBCS EOC while significantly reducing the training and logistics footprint through common Mission Command across the ADA force structure. The AIAMD acquisition strategy is to deliver an initial operational capability in FY 2017 and a set of follow-on product and capability improvements in FY The FY 2017 capabilities are delivered through the fielding of the IBCS EOC-based AIAMD architecture including the IBCS EOC, Sentinel and the Patriot radar and launcher components connected via an IFCN working in an integrated manner. The FY 2018 capabilities are delivered through employing the Patriot radar directly on the IFCN and the incorporation of IBCS functionality into ADAM cells, ADA brigade headquarters and AAMDC headquarters. Future additional capabilities include incorporation of terminal high-altitude air defense batteries and composite IFPC/Avenger battalions into the AIAMD architecture. The IBCS EOC consists of an FMTVmounted shelter that houses computing and communications equipment. At the battery level, units will be fielded with an EOC and an erectable shelter. The shelter will provide the environmentally conditioned work area for the battery staff to execute their Mission Command and fire-control tasks. At battalion level, two EOCs and two shelters will be fielded to accommodate the larger staff and computing needs. EOCs are identical at all levels and will be fielded with the full suite of common software. The IFCN provides the capability for firecontrol connectivity and distributed operations, utilizing common P&F kits that will network-enable multiple sensor components, weapon components and the IBCS EOC. The warfighter information networktactical (WIN-T) radio forms the basis for the IFCN. The P&F kits include two primary components. The IFCN Relay provides the common plug and fight functionality (B-kit), required adaptation layers and the radio/ transport capability to support placing the respective sensor/weapon components on the IFCN. The P&F A-kits, developed by the responsible component project offices, provide the unique plug and fight functionality and integration of the B-kit as needed. A 2.75-inch (70 mm) Hydra 70 Rocket is fired from an Apache AH-64D helicopter. Joint Attack Munition Systems (JAMS) The JAMS Project Office manages all Army aviation rockets and missiles. Programs include the 2.75-inch Hydra 70 family of rockets, the small guided munition family, the Hellfire family of missiles and the joint air-to-ground missile (JAGM). The 2.75-inch (70 mm) Hydra 70 Rocket Family encompasses variants of the freeflight rocket that has become the standard ground-attack rocket. The design includes multiple warheads that can be used on the rocket motor. Rockets equipped with various fuzes and warhead options include: M261 tactical, M267 practice, M151 (10- pound) antipersonnel or canopy/soft bunker, M229 antipersonnel (17-pound), M274 smoke signature, M257 illumination, M264 smoke, M255A1 flechette, and M278 infrared illuminating. The Small Guided Munition Family, although not an official program of record, 308 ARMY October 2013

6 provides services to all DoD and government agencies to procure the Griffin A, Griffin B and Viper Strike munitions. Griffin is a 34-pound semiactive laser (SAL) and global positioning system (GPS)-guided munition with three fuze settings: height of burst (HOB), point detonate and delay. Viper Strike is a 42-pound glide munition. Both munitions precisely target personnel in the open, light armor and thin-skin vehicles, reducing collateral damage. The AGM-114 Hellfire Missile Family includes the Hellfire II and Longbow Hellfire missiles. Hellfire II is a precision-strike, SAL-guided missile. It is the principal airto-ground weapon system for the Army s AH-64 Apache, Kiowa Warrior and Gray Eagle, the U.S. Marine Corps AH-1W Super Cobra and Harvest Hawk fixed-wing aircraft, the U.S. Air Force s Predator and Reaper unmanned aircraft systems, and numerous allied aircraft around the world. The Laser Hellfire II missile provides point-target precision-strike capability to defeat heavy, advanced armor, individual hard point and nontraditional targets. Hellfire II missiles use an SAL terminal guidance. The missile also includes electro-optical countermeasure capability, warhead improvements and an updated electronic fuze. The AGM-114R Hellfire II missile is the single variant that replaces all other Hellfire II missile configurations (K/N/ A soldier signs a Hellfire missile attached to a Warrior unmanned aerial vehicle. M/P). The AGM-114R missile will allow a pilot to select warhead fuze settings corresponding to the target, reduce roll tip-off issues from incorporation of inertial measurement unit (IMU) (replaces attitude gyro) and provide increased off-axis capability beyond the current limits. The Longbow Hellfire (AGM-114L) is also a precision-strike missile, but it uses millimeter wave (MMW) radar guidance instead of SAL. The MMW seeker provides beyond-line-of-sight fire-and-forget capability and the ability to operate in adverse weather and battlefield obscurities. Since 2003, U.S. servicemembers have fired more than 14,500 Hellfire II missiles in combat operations. The precision capability of the Hellfire missile has made it a weapon October 2013 ARMY 309

7 program adds system improvements to increase performance against evolving threats, meets user needs and enhances joint interoperability. The Joint Tactical Ground Station is a transportable information processing system that supports combatant commanders and forward-deployed forces with early warning data on ballistic missile launches. of choice in overseas contingency operations where collateral damage effects are a significant concern. The demonstrated performance against other-than-armor targets has proven Hellfire to be an adaptable, capable and reliable missile suited for any battlefield. The Joint Air-to-Ground Missile (JAGM) program will provide a rotary-wing, fixedwing and UAS launched missile system that provides line-of-sight capabilities, including precision point targeting (both active and passive) and fire-and-forget seeker technologies, increased range, and increased lethality against soft and hardened moving and stationary targets. When fielded, the JAGM will replace legacy aviation-launched missiles. The JAGM will increase the warfighter s operational flexibility by effectively engaging a variety of targets on the battlefield, including advanced heavy and light armored vehicles, bunkers, buildings, patrol craft, C2 vehicles, transporter/erector launchers, artillery systems, and radar and air defense systems. Its multimode seeker will provide robust capability in adverse weather, day or night, and in an obscured/countermeasure environment against stationary and moving/fleeting high-value targets. M270A1 Multiple Launch Rocket System Lower Tier Project Office The Lower Tier Project Office consists of the Patriot missile system, the Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) and Joint Tactical Ground Station. The Patriot missile system provides defense of critical assets and maneuver forces belonging to corps and echelons above corps against aircraft, cruise missiles and tactical ballistic missiles. The Patriot s fastreaction capability, high firepower, and ability to track numerous targets simultaneously and operate in a severe electronic countermeasures environment are significant improvements over previous air defense systems. The combat element of the Patriot missile system is the fire unit, which consists of a phased-array radar set, an engagement control station (ECS), an electric power plant, an antenna mast group, a communications relay group and up to 16 remotely located launch stations. The radar set provides all tactical functions of airspace surveillance, target detection and tracking, and missile guidance and engagement support. The ECS provides the human interface for command and control of operations. Each launch station can be equipped with four ready-to-fire PAC-2 or guidance enhancement missile (GEM) configuration missiles sealed in canisters that serve as both shipping containers and launch tubes. The GEM, GEM+ and PAC-3 missiles provide the Patriot missile system with an advanced antitactical missile capability. Partner nations have deployed Patriot systems in support of their defense requirements. The Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missile program incorporates the battle-proven PAC-3 missile, which uses hit-to-kill technology for greater lethality against theater ballistic missiles (TBMs) armed with weapons of mass destruction. The PAC-3 missile is the first operationally deployed hit-to-kill weapon system capable of defending against air and missile defense threats. Up to 16 PAC-3 missiles can be loaded per PAC-3 upgraded launch station, increasing firepower and missile defense capabilities. The PAC-3 missile s primary mission is to defend against TBMs while remaining able to counter advanced cruise missiles and aircraft. The PAC-3 missile upgrade Precision Fires Rocket and Missile Systems (PFRMS) The PFRMS Project Office manages the multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) family of launchers, which includes the M270A1, high-mobility artillery rocket system (HIMARS), and the entire suite of rockets and missiles for those launchers. Both launchers are capable of supporting and delivering all of the MLRS family of munitions (MFoM) including basic, extendedrange and guided MLRS (GMLRS) rockets, as well as the Block I/IA and unitary Army tactical missile system (ATACMS) variants. The launchers and munitions have proven to be highly effective and reliable during combat operations. The M270A1 MLRS is a highly mobile, automated system that fires precision guided and unguided surface-to-surface rockets and missiles from a tracked platform derived from the same chassis used by the Bradley fighting vehicle. The MLRS delivers large volumes of firepower in a short time against critical, time-sensitive targets. From inside the cab, the crew of three can fire up to 12 MLRS/GMLRS rockets or two ATACMS variants. The launch platform is scheduled to be upgraded with an improved armored cab, providing crew survivability enhancements and an updated fire-control system that mitigates electronic obsolescence. The M142 HIMARS is the newest launcher variant of the MLRS family. HIMARS is a highly mobile artillery rocket system offering MLRS firepower on a wheeled chassis and is C-130 transportable. HIMARS carries a single six-pack of MLRS/GMLRS rockets or one ATACMS missile on the Army s standard FMTV 5-ton truck. HIMARS is designed to launch the entire MLRS family of munitions. Recently, the entire M142 fleet was retrofitted with an increased crew protection armored cab and the upgraded universal fire-control system. It is being upgraded with long-range communications, driver s vision enhancements and Blue Force Tracker. During recent combat operations in Southwest Asia, both the M270A1 MLRS and the M142 HIMARS have consistently provided highly lethal and effective long-range precision strike fires in support of U.S. and coalition forces. The MLRS basic rocket and the Extended-Range Multiple Launch Rocket System (ER-MLRS) are free-flight, area-fire artillery rockets carrying dual-purpose, im- 310 ARMY October 2013

8 proved conventional munition (DPICM) submunitions. The ER-GMLRS, which extends the 31.8-kilometer (km) range of the basic rocket to approximately 45 km, provides longer-range rocket capability. The program emerged from lessons learned during Operation Desert Storm, in which senior-level commanders stated a requirement for greater range while applauding the effectiveness of the basic rocket. The GMLRS DPICM provides greater accuracy, with increased overmatch capabilities and a reduced logistics footprint over free-flight rockets. GMLRS incorporates GPS-aided inertial navigation systems. A second GMLRS variant is the GMLRS Unitary, which integrates a 200-pound class unitary warhead in place of DPICM submunitions. This rocket has a range up to 70 km and is effective against a variety of targets. The multimode warhead fuze (impact, delay and airburst) greatly enhances its employment options in various combat environments. The GMLRS Unitary proved its effectiveness in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and more recently in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). It has become the indirect-fire weapon of choice in urban areas. The GMLRS Alternative Warhead (AW) is an enhanced, 200-pound fragmentation assembly filled with PBXN-110 high explosive. Upon detonation, the explosive accelerates two layers of preformed tungsten fragments that are optimized to defeat the required targets. In addition, the warhead has design features to pass insensitive munitions (IM) thermal cookoff and fragment shock initiation environments. The GMLRS AW is designed to comply with DoD s policy on cluster munitions and unintended harm to civilians. GMLRS AW is in the engineering and manufacturing development phase, and production is expected to begin in The Army Tactical Missile System (A- TACMS) Blocks I and IA Missiles provide long-range, surface-to-surface fire support for Army deep-strike operations. Both AT- ACMS Blocks I and IA are surface-to-surface guided missile systems with antipersonnel/antimateriel (APAM) warheads containing DPICM submunitions. The ATACMS with an APAM warhead attacks soft area targets at ranges well beyond the capability of existing cannons and rockets. Targets include surface-to-surface missile and multiple rocket launcher units; air defense systems; logistics elements; and command, control, and communications complexes. The AT- ACMS Block IA, with enhanced accuracy enabled by GPS augmentation to its inertial guidance capability, has a 300-km reach. The Block IA began fielding in FY 1998, and retrofit of selected launchers to Block IA capability occurred simultaneously with missile fielding. Fired from M270A1 and HIMARS launchers, it was highly effective in OIF. The ATACMS Unitary Missile is a U.S. Army requirement developed from lessons learned in Kosovo. It was clear that battlefield commanders needed a weapon with precise guidance and lower lethal radii to minimize collateral damage. The ATACMS Quick-Reaction Unitary (QRU) Missile is a responsive, all-weather, long-range missile with a high-explosive, single-burst warhead. The ATACMS QRU is converted from a Block IA missile to the unitary configuration by replacing the APAM submunitions with a proven unitary warhead (470-pound SLAM/ Harpoon) and fuze. The missile has a range of 270 km and provides the Army the capability to attack high-payoff, time-sensitive targets without placing combat or support aircraft and crews at risk. Its precision accuracy, the absence of potential submunition duds and reduced lethal radii overcome collateral damage concerns. The ATACMS QRU was used effectively in OIF and continues to be highly effective in destroying high-payoff targets in OEF. The ATACMS QRU evolved into the ATACMS 2000 variant with upgraded vertical impact capability to minimize target altitude error. This vertical impact capability maximizes warhead effects in complex urban and mountain terrain. Planned modification of Block I missiles will replace existing submunitions with a unitary warhead and air burst capability to provide area weapon effects without the risk of unexploded ordnance.