Civil Military Coordination from a practical standpoint: a personal account

Transcription

1 Civil Military Coordination from a practical standpoint: a personal account BrigGen Alois Hirschmugl Austrian International Operations Command UNDAC member, EU- HLC - Course 06 1

2 Outline of key points Definitions of CIMIC/CMCOORD Use of military forces Civil Military Coordination especially during the relief operation in SE Asia Observations Summary 2

3 Civil-Military Coordination / UN (UN CMCoord) is the system of interaction, involving exchange of information, negotiation, de-confliction, mutual support and planning at all levels between military elements and humanitarian organisations, development organisations or the local civilian population, to achieve respective objectives. 3

4 UN CMCoord Part of the international humanitarian and disaster relief is mapped within OCHA (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs)/Emergency Services Branch/CMCS (former MCDU) - MCDA (Military and Civil Defence Assests), - INSARAG (International Search and Rescue Advisory Group) - UNDAC (United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination) 4

5 UN OCHA Organization chart ERC DERC IASC/ECHA SECRETARIAT DIRECTOR OCHA NEW YORK EXECUTIVE OFFICE IDP Network AERC, DIRECTOR OCHA GVA DEPUTY DIRECTOR OCHA GVA IASC SECRETARIAT Advocacy and External Relations Section Policy Development Section ADVOCACY, EXTERNAL RELATIONS AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT BRANCH POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND STUDIES BRANCH COORDINATION AND RESPONSE DIVISION (Complex Emergencies) ADMINISTRA- TIVE OFFICE COORDINATION AND RESPONSE DIVISION (Natural Disasters) EMERGENCY SERVICES BRANCH NEW YORK GENEVA 5

6 EMERGENCY SERVICES BRANCH OCHA/UNEP Environmental Emergencies Section Information Technology Section 3 and Emergency Telecomms. Project Field Coordination Support Section Civil Military Coordination Section Emergency Telecomm Project Military Civil Defence Unit Logistics Support Unit Secretariat for numerous mechanisms UNDAC and UN-CMCoord Training Surge capacity Information management 6

7 Civil-Military Co-operation NATO - CIMIC Is the co-ordination and co-operation, in support of the mission, between the NATO Commander and civil actors, including national population and local authorities, as well as international, national and nongovernmental organisations and agencies. 7

8 Civil-Military Co-operation EU - CIMIC is the co-ordination and co-operation, in support of the mission, between military components of EU-led Crisis Management Operations and civil actors (external to the EU), including national population and local authorities, as well as international, national and non-governmental organisations and agencies." 8

9 EU - CIMIC Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC): cooperates only with government offices/ios/ NGOs outside Europe! (Operational/Tactical level) Civil Military Co-ordination (CMCO): A tool of the commission inside the EU! (Strategic level - CMCO superior to CIMIC) 9

10 CIMIC - AUSTRIA Is the national/international cooperation and coordination which is orientated to the civilian/ military tasks, between civilian actors and military forces at all leading levels. It supports - through synergic use of military and civil capacities the best possible completion of the task or the achievement of the strategic goal. 10

11 CIMIC - AUSTRIA CIMIC-Operations have no military-strategic goal Dual use of Armed Forces in combination with civilian actors e.g. AFDRU (part of NBC-school) together with civilian rescue dogs organisations... 11

12 Civil-Military Relations National Civilian International National Internal Civil-Military Relations Traditional Focus of Humanitarian Actors Military International Traditional Focus of Military CIMIC International Civil- Military Relations or UN- CMCoord My Focus 12

13 Mozambique 1 u Only foreign Military Forces Algeria 2003 Own and foreign Military Forces SE Asia 2005 Bangladesh 2004 Iran 2003/04 Own and foreign Military Forces Own Military Forces Own and foreign Military Forces 13

14 Need for Assistanc e Relief Recovery Military and Civil Defence Assets International Civilian Relief Information Sharing Task Sharing Joint Planning Local/National Response Joint Planning Task Sharing Information Sharing Time MCDA is the last resort! 14

15 Criterias for Use of Military Forces Is the military force capable of the task? Can they be committed for the duration? Can they deploy without weapons? Can they establish neutrality and/or impartiality? Can they be placed under direction of a civilian actor? Are they the only or most appropriate option? What are the consequences for other humanitarian actors? 15

16 Humanitarian Assistance versus Military Civic Action Humanitarian acts are guided by humanitarian principles..assistance is provided based on need. It is impartial without political conditions. Humanitarian providers strive to deliver this help in a neutral manner, without taking sides in disputes or political positions on the underlying issues. Military civic action is conducted based on needs of the force and the mission (it) is conditional and may cease when the mission changes, the unit moves, or if the population becomes uncooperative. 16

17 Coordination, Cooperation and Coexistence Cooperation is the highest form in Civil-Military Relations. Coexistence is another one. Unfortunately competition and conflict occur. At a minimum, the responding military and civilian actors must coordinate in critical areas in order to enhance cooperation and coexistence and minimize competition and conflict. These areas are: security, logistics, communications, transportation and information. 17

18 Spectrum of Civil Military Relations Conflict Competition Coexistence Cooperation COORDINATION The higher the cooperation isthe more coordination is needed! 18

19 Civil-Military Coordination especially during the relief operation in SE-Asia 19

20 UNDAC / UN CMCoord deployment As of 8/1/05 MCDU/ESB/OCHA GENEVA UN Reg Coord Bangkok * UNDAC Sri Lanka * UNDAC Thailand Regional UN CMCoord Cell Utapao UNDAC Maldives UNDAC INDONESIA * UNDAC Seychelles * plus UN CMCoord Physical contact list available on virtualosocc( http ://ocha.unog.ch/virtualosocc/ ) 20

21 Military & Civil Defence Unit, OCHA, Geneva UN CMCoord Structure CMCoord Officer x 1 Bangkok, Thailand CMCoord Officers x 2 Colombo, Sri Lanka CMCoord Officers x 2 Banda Aceh, Indonesia CMCoord Officers x 3 EU Military Staff x 1 U-Tapao, Thailand CMCoord Officer x1 Medan, Indonesia CMCoord Officer x 1 Jakarta, Indonesia 21

22 UN Regional CMCoord Cell/U-Tapao INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY MCDA Request MCDU/ESB/OCHA GENEVA I N T Regional UN CMCoord Cell U-Tapao CSF 536 (1) (Combined CoordCell) R E G Request for military assistance (RFA) On Site Humanitarians 1) If RFA satisfied- no further action UNDAC/ UNCMCoord CSG or other mil. Force (1) 22 L O C

23 CSF-536 Tsunami Disaster Relief 23

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25 Ship x 1 Helo x 1 Ships x 1 Helos x 1 Eng Team INDIA SRI LANKA DART Team ROWPU x 4 Med Team Eng Team Colombo C-130 x 2 Ships x 2 Helos x 3 Med Team Eng Team C-130 x 1 Ships x 2 Med Team C-130 x 1 Water System Ships x 7 Helos x 3 Fixed Wing x 2 Ships x 3 LST/AOE/DD CH-47 x 3 UH-60 x 2 SH-60 x 2 Med Team HH-60 x 2 Field Hospital Field Hospital Eng Team Hospital Ship Helos x 2 LPA CJTF 629 Helos x 2 Helos x 1 Helos x 4 Forensic Team 1 x DVI Team Field Hosp Eng Team x 2 ALT x 2 Aceh Medan Meulaboh Khao Lak Field Hospital C-160 x 2 Helos x 5 K.L. C-130 x 1 U-tapao Fixed wing x 1 MP Team Helos x pax Non-US Military Ship x 1 C-130 x 2 Helos x 2 Med Team Eng Team C-130 x 1 LST to SL ETD: 29 Jan LST: RTHP Male Helos x 1 Med Team C-130 x 2 Ships x 2 Eng Team Ships X 2 Med Team Eng Team C-130 x 5 CH-47 x 3 C-130 x 2 Ships x 1 Helos x 1 LST x 2 C-130 x 6 B-707 x 1 UH-1 1 x4 INDONESIA AUS AUT BGD BRN CAN CHE DEU FRA GBR IND JPN KOR MYS NOR NZL PAK PRC SGP RNZAF B-757 B in region 25 2 x C-130C Darwin

26 Personnel 19,500 Air Assets 3 C-17 C (USTRANSCOM) 2 C-5 C 5 (USTRANSCOM) 2 KC P-3 P 4 C-2C 13 fixed- wing (+52 TACAIR ALSG) 36 Helos Ships 6 USN 3 MPS 3 USNS Logistics 1 Survey Ship 1 HSV INDIA 2 HH-60 SRI LANKA Colombo 2 P-3, P 1 C-21C ESSEX (LHD) 4 MH-53, 4 MH-60, 2 LCU 5 CH-46 CSF-536 THAILAND Phuket CHINA Logistics Ships SAN JOSE (T-AFS) TIPPECANOE (T-AO) NOTE: USNS RAiNIER w/alcsg Utapao WESTPAC EXPRESS (HSV) US Military PHILIPPINES PLESS (MPS) Kadena 2 KC-135 on alert Futenma 2 KC-130 MALDIVES LUMMUS (MPS) BONNYMAN (MPS) Diego Garcia TIPPECANOE (T-AO) A LINCOLN CSG CSG-I ALCSG LINCOLN (CVN) (10 x SH-60) SHILOH (CG) (2 X SH-60) SHOUP (DDG) (2 X SH-60) BENFOLD (DDG) RAINIER (T-AOE) (2 x MH-60) ON STATION CSG AIRFIELDS FORT MCHENRY (LSD) 3 CH-46 3 LCAC MCDONNELL (T-AGS) Medan Langkawi Singapore INDONESIA SAN JOSE (T-AFS) 2 MH-60 Maritime Prepo Ships PLESS, LUMMUS, BONNYMAN IN BOUND OUT BOUND 4 X C-2C Jakarta SWIFT (HSV) MERCY (T-AH) CONCORD (T-AFS) 2 MH-60 26

27 Cooperation with CSF

28 Level (Strategic/operational/tactical) Clear mandate/task and Terms of Reference Reporting lines CMCoord network Observations Combined Coordination Cell Liasion officers and Combined Support Groups In support of - civilians lead the operation/ military assists 28

29 Observations Key elements in the area of Security/Logistics/ Information/ Communication/Transport: - Information sharing (Open Source Information vs. Intelligence) Collection/ Exchange/Analysis/Dissemination - Task Division (Facilitates the work/better use of resources. - Planning (Use of different expertise/better workload) 29

30 Conclusion CMCoordO necessary for good cooperation ( Interpreter between Civilian/military) Common training informal networks (e.g. 1 st UN/EU OSOCC course March 2006 in Styria/Austria Never had problems with civilian/military actors in the field! 30

31 Thank you for your kind attention! Any questions? 31