ECO364 - International Trade
|
|
- Gordon Fleming
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ECO364 - International Trade The Organization of Production Christian Dippel University of Toronto Summer 2009 Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
2 Introduction Introduction The fragmentation of production processes has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. Computerization has made coordination easier and has led firms to increasingly outsource some of the steps in the production process to specialized suppliers of intermediates. In addition, MNE increasingly source these intermediates from suppliers in other countries through offshoring. At the same time the operation of foreign affiliates through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has also increased dramatically. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
3 Introduction Some Facts Trade in services and intermediates has increased much faster in the last 10 years than trade in final products. In addition, FDI of both horizontal and vertical type have increased much faster than trade in final products. In bilateral trade flows, a larger share of imports is intra-firm if exporters are more capital-abundant. At the sector-level, a larger share of imports is intra-firm in sectors that are more capital-intensive. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
4 Introduction The Multinational Firm (MNE) These patterns suggest that the fragmentation of production is intimately linked to a firm s organizational choices In the last chapter, we saw horizontal FDI as a location choice based on a trade-off of closeness to market and the additional fixed costs of setting up multiple plants There was no organizational choice - firms were always integrated. This is different when we consider vertical FDI. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
5 Introduction A Firm s Decision Problem The empirical patterns suggest a two-dimensional decision problem: Whether to integrate or outsource part of the production process Where to locate production Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
6 Introduction Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
7 Theory of the Firm Theory of the Firm The Decision of Integration vs. Outsourcing has been explored in the IO literature on the theory of the firm The following outlines the so-called property rights view of the firm: A good z(j) is assembled from headquarter services h(j) and an intermediate component m(j): z(j) = h(j) η m(j) 1 η To simplify the discussion of trade, we assume that z(j) is itself an intermediate and that the final good x(j) can be produced one-to-one from z(j). We assume h(j) and m(j) cannot cross borders and only z(j) is traded and the final good is produced in the location of the headquarter. The final good producer supplies h(j) and decides whether to produce m(j) within the boundaries of his firm or outsource to a specialized supplier (who is assumed to have a productivity advantage) Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
8 Theory of the Firm Incomplete Contracting The 1st key assumption is that both inputs are completely specific to good j and are therefore worthless outside of this relationship. The 2nd key assumption is that there is incomplete contracting which means that the two suppliers engage in ex-post (after production) bargaining over how the revenue should be split up. This creates a bilateral hold-up problem. The match creates total revenue R(j) = p(j)h(j) η m(j) 1 η This is a two stage game in which both sides make their production decisions in the first stage, knowing there will be bargaining in the second stage Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
9 Theory of the Firm The Hold-Up Problem We assume Nash-Bargaining in which each party receives their outside option plus shares β and 1 β of the R(j) Because each side receives only a share of total revenue, they both under-invest in their respective inputs (relative to the joint revenue-maximizing levels) Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
10 Theory of the Firm Organizational Choice The key distinction between integration and outsourcing is in the outside option: With integration, there is still a hold-up problem but the final-good producer is able to appropriate a share δ of the revenue if bargaining breaks down. The outside option is therefore δr(j) and the final good producer receives a share β V = δ + (1 δ)β > β of the revenue under Nash Bargaining. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
11 Theory of the Firm Optimal Bargaining Weights Why would a final good producer outsource if he receives a higher bargaining weight under integration? Because a higher bargaining weight makes increases the supplier s incentive to under-investment (even if this supplier is integrated in the firm) - the final good producer gets a larger slice of a smaller pie. There is an optimal bargaining weight from the final good producer s perspective This β trades off the under-investment incentives of both sides β depends critically on η - the more important the headquarter services are in the production of the final good, the higher is the optimal bargaining weight β Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
12 Theory of the Firm The Nash bargaining weight β reflects power-relations/contractual laws and can not be affected by the final good producer But the final good producer can choose between integration and outsourcing This choice depends on whether β or βv are closer to β The optimal choice of organizational form depends on η β is a monotonically increasing non-linear function of η At low levels of headquarter-intensity (low η), outsourcing is optimal while at high levels, integration is optimal. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
13 Theory of the Firm Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
14 Trade Trade Let s embed this model in a many country-2sector-2factor Heckscher-Ohlin World Let there be two sectors: H (high-tech) and M (manufactures) H is headquarter-intensive and M is component-intensive: η H > η M Suppose headquarter-services h(j) are capital-intensive and components m(j) are labor intensive This makes the high-tech sector capital-intensive and the manufacturing sector labor-intensive. Recall that only z(j) is tradable. What sorting patterns does the theory predict? Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
15 Trade High-tech firms will integrate and manufacturing firms will outsource because ηh lies above the cutoff where integration is optimal and η M lies below that cutoff High-tech plants will locate in capital-abundant countries Manufacturing plants will locate in labor-abundant countries Within-firm imports will therefore be higher from capital-abundant exporters countries. Within-firm import will be higher in capital-intensive sectors. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
16 Trade Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
17 Trade and Wages revisited We concluded our trade-and wages chapter by noting that SBTC looks like a far more likely candidate than trade for explaining increased wage-inequality in OECD countries. This was commonly agreed upon by economists in the late 90 s. We noted that Directed Technological Change might play a large role in OECD countries but can not explain increasing wage-inequality in developing countries because the TC should be unskill-biased there. Let us now consider trade-in-intermediates as an alternative explanation, based on Feenstra and Hanson (1999) Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
18 Trade and Wages revisited Let us assume a HO world in which endowments of North and South are outside the Cone of Diversification so that FPE fails and countries are specialized (not diversified). Suppose consumers derive utility from consuming a unique final good Y which is assembled from a continuum of intermediate inputs, indexed by i [0, 1]: Intermediate inputs x i are produced from high- and low-skill labor We maintain the HO assumption of identical technology (identical a H (i) and a L (i)) but allow for a difference in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of North and South φ N > φ S. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
19 Trade and Wages revisited If FPE fails, then wages are not equalized and skilled labor will be relatively cheaper in the country that is more abundant in skill: wh N/w L N < w H S/w L S In such a non-diversified world, North and South will each produce the range of intermediate goods in which they have a cost-advantage This is similar to our analysis of the multi-good Ricardian model. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
20 Trade and Wages revisited Suppose we rank goods in increasing order of a H (i)/a L (i) (skilled-labor-intensity). Then the relative cost of producing good i in the North rather than in the South is decreasing in i there is a unique cutoff i such that the North produces all goods with i > i and the South all other goods Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
21 Trade and Wages revisited Now consider an increase in φ S so that the South becomes more efficient (this can reflect reduced trading frictions) The effect is to raise i The North loses it s least skill-intensive intermediates to the South where they are the most skill-intensive. The key is that - because goods are ranked in skill-labor-intensity - this increases the relative demand for skilled labor both in the South and the North Key idea is that international outsourcing is associated with a de-location of production processes that are unskilled-intensive from the point of view of the North, but that are skill intensive from the point of view of the South. This raises w S /w U in both North and South. Christian Dippel (University of Toronto) ECO364 - International Trade Summer / 21
EC International Trade Multinational Firms: an Introduction
EC 791 - International Trade Multinational Firms: an Stefania Garetto 1 / 19 Classification Multinational firms are firms that have operations in multiple countries. A multinational firm is composed by
More informationInternational Trade Multinational Firms: an Introduction
International Trade Multinational Firms: an Stefania Garetto November 3rd, 2009 1 / 13 Classification Multinational firms are firms that have operations in multiple countries. A multinational firm is composed
More informationThe Economics of Offshoring: Theory and Evidence with Applications to Asia. Devashish Mitra Syracuse University, NBER and IZA
The Economics of Offshoring: Theory and Evidence with Applications to Asia Devashish Mitra Syracuse University, NBER and IZA Priya Ranjan University of California Irvine Terminology Outsourcing usually
More informationInternational Trade: Economics and Policy. LECTURE 16: Foreign outsourcing
Department of Economics - University of Roma Tre Academic year: 2016-2017 International Trade: Economics and Policy LECTURE 16: Foreign outsourcing Read and discuss next week Dani Rodrik: Too Late to Compensate
More informationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Global value chains and globalisation. International sourcing
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Global value chains and globalisation The pace and scale of today s globalisation is without precedent and is associated with the rapid emergence of global value chains
More informationGlobal Value Chains: Impacts and Implications. Aaron Sydor Office of the Chief Economist Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
Global Value Chains: Impacts and Implications Aaron Sydor Office of the Chief Economist Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada Overview What is a global value chain (GVC)? How GVCs fit into economic
More informationTrading Tasks: Globalization in the Information Age
Trading Tasks: Globalization in the Information Age Gene M. Grossman Princeton University Department of Economics University of Calgary March 13, 2009 An Anecdote from Almost three years ago, Scott Kirwin
More informationEURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE
Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(3), 2017, 1-16 DOI: 10.15604/ejef.2017.05.03.001 EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE www.eurasianpublications.com TIME ZONE DIFFERENCE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
More information14.54 International Trade Lecture 25: Offshoring Do Old Rules Still Apply?
14.54 International Trade Lecture 25: Offshoring Do Old Rules Still Apply? 14.54 Week 15 Fall 2016 14.54 (Week 15) Offshoring Fall 2016 1 / 25 Today s Plan 1 A Simple Theory of Offshoring 2 Consequences
More informationComments on Outsourcing and Volatility Bergin, Feenstra and Hanson
Comments on Outsourcing and Volatility Bergin, Feenstra and Hanson Philippe Martin University of Paris 1 Panthéon- Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics Main contributions of the paper New interesting stylized
More informationChapter One. Globalization
Chapter One Globalization Opening Case: The Globalization of Health Care 1-3 There is a shortage of radiologists in the United States and demand for their services is growing twice as fast as the rate
More informationChapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model. Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop
Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Copyright 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Preview Opportunity costs and comparative
More informationGlobal Value Chains: Economic And Policy Issues
Global Value Chains: Economic and Policy Issues Global Value Chains: Economic And Policy Issues Steven Globerman * Western Washington University and Simon Fraser University 1. Introduction Companies no
More informationGlobalization and Growth
Globalization and Growth Gene Grossman Princeton University The Onassis Prize Lectures 2015 Cass Business School September 2015 Gene Grossman () Globalization and Growth September 2015 1 / 10 Engine of
More informationthe great unbundling(s)
Globalisation: the great unbundling(s) Richard Baldwin Professor of International Economics Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 3 September 2007 The Hague 1 The 1 st & 2 nd unbundlings
More informationModern Services Exports from Emerging Countries Perspectives and Opportunities
Modern Services Exports from Emerging Countries Perspectives and Opportunities Shahbaz Nasir Advancements in information and communications technologies (ICTs) have increased the possibilities for trade
More informationGlobal Supply Chains and Outsourcing
Global Supply Chains and Outsourcing AED/IS 4540 International Commerce and the World Economy Professor Sheldon sheldon.1@osu.edu What are Global Supply Chains? 80 percent of trade now occurs within global
More informationOffshoring offshor. Richard B. Freeman, Harvard, NBER, National Academy of Engineering The Offshoring of Engineering, Oct 24-25,2006
Offshoring offshor offs off o Richard B. Freeman, Harvard, NBER, National Academy of Engineering The Offshoring of Engineering, Oct 24-25,2006 UK Institute of Directors on Off shoring the availability
More informationForeign sourcing: vertical integration and firm heterogeneity
Foreign sourcing: vertical integration and firm heterogeneity A. Pelegrín a,* and J. García-Quevedo a a Dpt. of Public Economics and Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB) *Corresponding author. E-mail:
More informationChapter 29. Introduction. Learning Objectives. The Labor Market: Demand, Supply, and Outsourcing
Chapter 29 The Labor Market: Demand, Supply, and Outsourcing Introduction Technovate and 24/7 sound like U.S. based firms, but in fact, they are located in India. The companies offer low-cost labor services
More informationTemporary Workers, Permanent Workers, and International Trade: Evidence from the Japanese Firm-level Data
Temporary Workers, Permanent Workers, and International Trade: Evidence from the Japanese Firm-level Data Toshiyuki Matsuura 1 Hitoshi Sato 2 Ryuhei Wakasugi 3 1 Keio University 2 Research Institute of
More informationOffshoring and Wages: Evidence from Norway
Offshoring and Wages: Evidence from Norway Ragnhild Balsvik and Sigurd Birkeland September 3, 2012 Preliminary and incomplete Abstract We use matched employer-employee data from Norwegian manufacturing
More informationCross-regional variations in offshore outsourcing choices: evidence from firm-level data
Preliminary Please do not cite. Comments welcome. Cross-regional variations in offshore outsourcing choices: evidence from firm-level data Eiichi Tomiura *, Banri Ito and Ryuhei Wakasugi # June 11, 2008
More informationOffshoring: General equilibrium effect on wages, production and trade. Richard Baldwin and. Frédéric Robert-Nicoud 20/01/2007. A new paradigm?
Offshoring: General equilibrium effect on wages, production and trade Richard Baldwin and 20/01/2007 Frédéric Robert-Nicoud A new paradigm? In the future, and to a great extent already in the present,
More informationOffshoring and Labor Markets*
Offshoring and Labor Markets* David Hummels, Purdue University and NBER Jakob R. Munch, University of Copenhagen Chong Xiang, Purdue University March 2014 *Under Revision for Journal of Economic Literature
More informationInstitutional theory and digital labour in developing countries
Institutional theory and digital labour in developing countries Balaji Parthasarathy International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore Developmental Implications of the Digital Economy (DIODE)
More informationOutsourcing Economics
Outsourcing Economics Global Value Chains in Capitalist Development WILLIAM MILBERG New School for Social Research, New York DEBORAH WINKLER Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis, New York CAMBRIDGE
More informationOffshoring and Labor Markets
Offshoring and Labor Markets David Hummels, Purdue University and NBER Jakob R. Munch, University of Copenhagen and IZA Chong Xiang, Purdue University February 2016 Abstract: In this paper we survey the
More informationInternational Business 7e
International Business 7e by Charles W.L. Hill (adapted for LIUC09 by R.Helg) McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Globalization Introduction
More informationKnowledge Spillovers from Multinationals to Local Firms: International and Irish Evidence
Knowledge Spillovers from Multinationals to Local Firms: International and Irish Evidence DATE 12 April 2018 VENUE ESRI, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson s Quay, Dublin 2 AUTHORS Iulia Siedschlag Mattia
More informationSME Internationalisation: Characteristics, Barriers and Policy Options
2014/ISOM/SYM/014 Session: 5 SME Internationalisation: Characteristics, Barriers and Policy Options Submitted by: OECD Symposium on APEC 2015 Priorities Manila, Philippines 8 December 2014 SME INTERNATIONALISATION:
More informationLesson 27: Export subsidies
International trade in the global economy 60 hours II Semester Luca Salvatici luca.salvatici@uniroma3.it Lesson 27: Export subsidies International Trade: Economics and Policy 2017-18 1 2 Tariffs with Foreign
More informationReshoring Initiative Data Report: Reshoring and FDI Boost US Manufacturing in Introduction. Data Chart Index. Categories.
Blog Post Categories General Reshore Now Comments (0) March 28, 2016 Reshoring Initiative Data Report: Reshoring and FDI Boost US Manufacturing in 2015 Introduction This report contains data on trends
More informationUnemployment. Rongsheng Tang. August, Washington U. in St. Louis. Rongsheng Tang (Washington U. in St. Louis) Unemployment August, / 44
Unemployment Rongsheng Tang Washington U. in St. Louis August, 2016 Rongsheng Tang (Washington U. in St. Louis) Unemployment August, 2016 1 / 44 Overview Facts The steady state rate of unemployment Types
More informationOutsourcing, foreign ownership, exporting and productivity: An empirical investigation with plant level data *
Outsourcing, foreign ownership, exporting and productivity: An empirical investigation with plant level data * Holger Görg University of Nottingham and DIW Berlin Aoife Hanley University of Nottingham
More informationMake or buy decisions
Article review Make or buy decisions Group 9 Lassi Laurila Eliel Soisalon-Soininen Lars Vilén Valtteri Vulkko Agenda Article topics on make or buy decisions can be divided under two broader themes Transaction
More informationInternational Management and Cultural Diversity
International Management and Cultural Diversity Introductory Ideas Internationalization of business exerts major influence on manager s job. Many complex products are built with components from several
More informationSpecialist Payment Schemes and Patient Selection in Private and Public Hospitals. Donald J. Wright
Specialist Payment Schemes and Patient Selection in Private and Public Hospitals Donald J. Wright December 2004 Abstract It has been observed that specialist physicians who work in private hospitals are
More informationChapter 9: Labor Section 1
Chapter 9: Labor Section 1 Objectives 1. Describe how trends in the labor force are tracked. 2. Analyze past and present occupational trends. 3. Summarize how the U.S. labor force is changing. 4. Explain
More informationA Dynamic Model of Firm s Production Offshoring and Clean Technology Adoptions
A Dynamic Model of Firm s Production Offshoring and Clean Technology Adoptions Xianwei Meng University of Wisconsin-Madison August 03, 2015 Camp Resources XXII Asheville, NC Objectives Build a dynamic
More information26-27 October Harnessing GVC participation for inclusive and sustainable industrial development. Paper submitted by
Multi-year Expert Meeting on Enhancing the Enabling Economic Environment at all Levels in Support of Inclusive and Sustainable Development, and the Promotion of Economic Integration and Cooperation 26-27
More informationImpacts of Trade liberalization on Labor allocation in Vietnam
Trade in the Asian Century: Delivering on the Promise of Economic Prosperity Bangkok, 22-23 September, 2014 Impacts of Trade liberalization on Labor allocation in Vietnam Vu Hoang Dat The Centre for Analysis
More informationInternational Business an overview
International Business an overview International business is all commercial transactions private (for profit) and governmental (for profit or political reasons) - between two or more countries 1 Example
More informationDeterminants of Competitiveness and Factors affecting Productivity in Services
Determinants of Competitiveness and Factors affecting Productivity in Services Andrew McCredie Executive Director Australian Services Roundtable Christopher Findlay Professor and Head of of School of of
More informationOffshoring and Sequential Production Chains: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Gutenberg School of Management and Economics & Research Unit Interdisciplinary Public Policy Discussion Paper Series Offshoring and Sequential Production Chains: A General Equilibrium Analysis Philipp
More informationChicago Scholarship Online Abstract and Keywords. U.S. Engineering in the Global Economy Richard B. Freeman and Hal Salzman
Chicago Scholarship Online Abstract and Keywords Print ISBN 978-0-226- eisbn 978-0-226- Title U.S. Engineering in the Global Economy Editors Richard B. Freeman and Hal Salzman Book abstract 5 10 sentences,
More informationOUTSOURCING IN THE UNITED STATES MARKET
Irina M. Azu 21.034 Final Paper OUTSOURCING IN THE UNITED STATES MARKET INTRODUCTION Outsourcing also known as contracting out is a business decision to export some to all of an organization s non-core
More informationChapter One. Globalization. Globalization of Markets. Globalization of Markets. What is Globalization? Opening Case: The Globalization of Health Care
Chapter One Opening Case: The Globalization of Health Care 1-2 Globalization There is a shortage of radiologists in the United States and demand for their services is growing twice as fast as the rate
More informationCarleton College Department of Economics. Department of Economics. Carleton College.
Carleton College Department of Economics Working Paper Series Offshoring, Productivity, and Labor Income Risk by Prathi Seneviratne No. 2015-01 Department of Economics Carleton College One North College
More informationThe New Carolina Initiative
The New Carolina Initiative Professor Michael E. Porter Harvard Business School New Carolina Annual Celebration September 22, 2011 For further material on regional competitiveness and clusters: www.isc.hbs.edu/econ-clusters.htm
More informationServices offshoring and wages: Evidence from micro data. by Ingo Geishecker and Holger Görg
Services offshoring and wages: Evidence from micro data by Ingo Geishecker and Holger Görg No. 1434 July 2008 Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Düsternbrooker Weg 120, 24105 Kiel, Germany Kiel Working
More informationBusiness Globalization
EMC 2 Global Innovation Conference Santa Clara, CA, October 31, 2012 Business Globalization and the Importance of Entrepreneurial Innovation Richard B. Dasher, Ph.D. Director, US-Asia Technology Management
More informationEntrepreneurship & Growth
Entrepreneurship & Growth David Audretsch Indiana University & CEPR Max Keilbach ZEW, Mannheim The Entrepreneur is the single most important player in a modern economy Edward Lazear (2002, p.1) 1 The Traditional
More informationHi-Stat. Discussion Paper Series. No.64. Foreign outsourcing and firm-level characteristics: evidence from Japanese manufacturers.
Hi-Stat Discussion Paper Series No.64 Foreign outsourcing and firm-level characteristics: evidence from Japanese manufacturers Eiichi Tomiura December 2004 Hitotsubashi University Research Unit for Statistical
More informationTHE NEW GLOBAL DIVISION
Panel 1 THE NEW GLOBAL DIVISION OF LABOUR HOW IS THE WORLD ECONOMY AFFECTED BY OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING? Introduction JOHN WHALLEY 1 Professor, University of Western Ontario Outsourcing Outsourcing is
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FEAR OF SERVICE OUTSOURCING: IS IT JUSTIFIED? Mary Amiti Shang-Jin Wei
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FEAR OF SERVICE OUTSOURCING: IS IT JUSTIFIED? Mary Amiti Shang-Jin Wei Working Paper 10808 http://www.nber.org/papers/w10808 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts
More informationA Review of Literature on Time Zone Difference and Trade
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive A Review of Literature on Time Zone Difference and Trade Biswajit Mandal and Alaka Shree Prasad and Prasun Bhattacharjee Department of Economics & Politics, Visva-Bharati
More informationSecond Midterm Exam - Practice Exam
Name: ECO 6333: Trade Policy Spring 2018 Thomas Osang Second Midterm Exam - Practice Exam Part I: Import Tariff and Import Quota with a Home Monopoly: Assume that the home country is a small open economy
More information2018 Annual Conference - Call for Papers
Academy of International Business U.S. West Chapter 2018 Annual Conference - Call for Papers October 18-20, 2018 Hosted by: University of Denver Denver, Colorado, USA Conference Theme: Emerging Markets:
More informationINNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN A BRICS COUNTRY CASE OF SOUTH AFRICAN ENTERPRISES
INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN A BRICS COUNTRY CASE OF SOUTH AFRICAN ENTERPRISES 1 Smita Kuriakose, The World Bank Investigating Industrial and Innovation Policies for Growth: Contrasting Expert s Views
More informationFear of Service Outsourcing: Is it Justified?
This draft: August 12, 2004 Fear of Service Outsourcing: Is it Justified? Mary Amiti and Shang-Jin Wei* Summary The recent media and political attention on service outsourcing from developed countries
More informationOpportunities in Mexico
Opportunities in Mexico Presented by: Linda Caruso Principal Commercial Officer U.S. Commercial Service Guadalajara 1 How People Frequently View Mexico 2 Mexico Handicrafts in 2015 3 Mexico at a Glance
More informationForeign Direct Investment
Foreign Direct Investment O NEAL // FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT // 1 O NEAL KEEPS A PULSE ON MANUFACTURING TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES PARTICULARLY THE MANUFACTURING BOOM THAT IS OCCURRING IN THE SOUTHEAST.
More informationEcon 340. Lecture 22 Outsourcing and Offshoring
Econ 340 Lecture 22 Outsourcing and Offshoring News: Apr 2-8 Trump pushes on immigration -- WSJ: 4/5 Canvas NYT: 4/3 Canvas WP: 4/4 Canvas Trump plans to send 2,000-4,000 National Guard troops to the US-Mexico
More informationFactors and policies affecting services innovation: some findings from OECD work
Roundtable on Innovation in Services Lisbon Council, Brussels, 27 November 2008 Factors and policies affecting services innovation: some findings from OECD work Dirk Pilat Head, Science and Technology
More informationStefan Zeugner European Commission
Stefan Zeugner European Commission October TRADABLE VS. NON-TRADABLE: AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS ------------------- Abstract: Disaggregating economic indicators into 'tradable'
More informationDoes Outsourcing to Central and Eastern Europe really threaten manual workers jobs in Germany?
Does Outsourcing to Central and Eastern Europe really threaten manual workers jobs in Germany? Ingo Geishecker copyright with the author (Free University Berlin and University of Nottingham) June Kommentar
More informationNearshoring is a valuable part of a company's logistics strategy
An Agility White Paper Nearshoring is a valuable part of a company's logistics strategy - 1 - Nearshoring is a valuable part of a company's logistics strategy Many companies have already had experiences
More informationFISCAL FEDERALISM. How State and Local Governments Differ from the National Government
FISCAL FEDERALISM devolution: The passing or transferring of fiscal responsibilities and authority from one level of government to another. In August 1996, Congress approved legislation ending 60-year
More informationTotal Quality Management (TQM)
Total Quality Management (TQM) Total Quality Management (TQM) is a philosophy that says that uniform commitment to quality in all areas of an organization promotes an organizational culture that meets
More informationChapter I. Driving forces of Asian international production networks: A brief history and theoretical perspectives
7 Chapter I Driving forces of Asian international production networks: A brief history and theoretical perspectives Witada Anukoonwattaka During the past three decades, the process of global production
More informationGlobal Value Chains: How do we measure their impacts?
Global Value Chains: How do we measure their impacts? Robert Stehrer The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies wiiw www.wiiw.ac.at 6 th ECB CompNet Workshop Vienna September 19-20, 2013 How
More informationOffshoring, Productivity and Export Performance
Offshoring, Productivity and Export Performance Roger Bandick Aarhus University, Business and Social Sciences, AU Herning, Denmark and Swedish Business School, Örebro University, Sweden Abstract This paper
More informationThe Gig Economy: Threats and Opportunities for Workers and Employers. Outline
The Gig Economy: Threats and Opportunities for Workers and Employers 1 PROFESSOR PAUL OYER GSB REUNION OCTOBER 2017 @pauloyer Outline The Gig Economy: Some Facts 2 Segmenting the Gig Economy Why has the
More informationOffshoring and Occupational Wages: Some empirical evidence
WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS No 312 Offshoring and Occupational Wages: Some empirical evidence Arne Bigsten Dick Durevall Farzana Munshi August 2008 ISSN 1403-2473 (print) ISSN 1403-2465 (online) SCHOOL
More information2. Globalization of Markets
BUSA 3000 2. Globalization of Markets Asst. Prof. Dr. Ilke Kardes Spring 2016 1 Read chapter 2 2 Agenda Overview on Globalization of Markets Framework of Market Globalization Drivers of Market Globalization
More information2018 Annual Conference - Call for Papers October 18-20, 2018
Academy of International Business U.S. West Chapter 2018 Annual Conference - Call for Papers October 18-20, 2018 Hosted by: University of Denver Denver, Colorado, USA Conference Theme: Emerging Markets:
More informationRURAL HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY ANALYSIS CENTER. A Primer on the Occupational Mix Adjustment to the. Medicare Hospital Wage Index. Working Paper No.
N C RURAL HEALTH RESEARCH & POLICY ANALYSIS CENTER A Primer on the Occupational Mix to the Medicare Hospital Wage Index Working Paper No. 86 September, 2006 725 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. BLVD. CB #7590 THE
More informationAPEC Best Practices Guidelines on Industrial Clustering for Small and Medium Enterprises
APEC Best Practices Guidelines on Industrial Clustering for Small and Medium Enterprises Prepared by the APEC Symposium on Industrial Clustering for SMEs Taipei 9 March 2005 Advantages of Industrial Clustering
More informationCHRISTOPHER A. PISSARIDES: SCIENTIST AND PUBLIC CITIZEN. Costas Azariadis, Washington University in St. Louis
CHRISTOPHER A. PISSARIDES: SCIENTIST AND PUBLIC CITIZEN Costas Azariadis, Washington University in St. Louis Yannis Ioannides, Tufts University In 2010 the Nobel Committee cited Chris Pissarides for path
More informationHigher Higher in the Tree
Higher Higher in the Tree Stronger Economies Together Regional Economies 101 January 12, 2012 The Dalles, OR 97058 Bruce Sorte, Eastern Oregon Community Economist OSU Extension Service/Rural Studies Program
More information2014 Policy Discussion Paper Submitted June 2014
2014 Policy Discussion Paper Submitted June 2014 As the governments of the United States and Israel prepare for the 2014 Joint Economic Development Group meetings, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce s U.S.-
More informationresearch paper series
research paper series Globalisation, Productivity and Technology Research Paper 2008/20 Market Thickness, Sunk Entry Costs, Firm Heterogeneity and the Outsourcing Decision: Empirical Evidence of Manufacturing
More informationIdentifying the Drivers of Economic Globalization and the Effects on Companies Competitive Situation
Identifying the Drivers of Economic Globalization and the Effects on Companies Competitive Situation Knut Erik Bang and Tore Markeset University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway {knut.e.bang,tore.markeset}@uis.no
More informationY2K and Offshoring: The Role of External Economies and Firm Heterogeneity *
Y2K and Offshoring: The Role of External Economies and Firm Heterogeneity * Devashish Mitra Priya Ranjan Syracuse University & NBER University of California - Irvine October 10, 2005 Abstract We construct
More informationECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS K ENTUCKY CABINET FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: (502) 564-7670 - The Cabinet is the primary state agency in Kentucky responsible for creating new jobs and new investment in the
More informationOff Shoring Audit Implications
Off Shoring Audit Implications IIA Detroit Chapter Dinner Meeting Vis Ta Tech Conference Center November 11, 2008 Daniel Wiechec General Director, Automotive Audit General Motors Corporation Stuart McCubbrey
More informationOffshoring Software Engineering. Rafiq Dossani & Martin Kenney
Offshoring Software Engineering Rafiq Dossani dossani@stanford.edu & Martin Kenney mfkenney@ucdavis.edu The offshoring of software production is growing Employment 1995 2005 US 1.5 m 2.6 m India 27,500
More informationRecent trends in domestic and foreign outsourcing by companies in developed
International Labour Review, Vol. 146 (2007), No. 1 2 Outsourcing, offshoring and productivity measurement in United States manufacturing Susan HOUSEMAN* Abstract: Productivity growth in a sector or economy
More informationCommon Fallacies about Globalization and International Business. Ram Mudambi, Temple University Ajai Gaur, Rutgers University
Common Fallacies about Globalization and International Business Ram Mudambi, Temple University Ajai Gaur, Rutgers University The 2016 US presidential election debates are unusually focused on trade and
More informationChina and Outsourcing*
John Whalley University of Western Ontario and National Bureau of Economic Research 5 China and Outsourcing* ABSTRACT T HIS PAPER DISCUSSES the links between outsourcing and China s historic transformation
More informationThe Internet as a General-Purpose Technology
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 7192 The Internet as a General-Purpose Technology Firm-Level
More informationWhat goes around comes around: Microeconomic effects of international outsourcing on firm export performance.
What goes around comes around: Microeconomic effects of international outsourcing on firm export performance. Bertrand Olivier Graduate School of Management of St Petersburg State University and Toulouse
More informationThe Colombian outsourcing industry: The effects of institutions and agglomeration economies.
The Colombian outsourcing industry: The effects of institutions and agglomeration economies. Nir Kshetri University of North Carolina Greensboro. Marleny Cardona Hugo Díaz Suelen Castiblanco Konrad Lorenz
More informationFitsum Andargue, PMP. Discussion on Outsourcing Opportunities for Ethiopia. Fitsum Andargue
International Conference on ICT Investment Opportunities in Ethiopia - Dialogue Diaspora, PMP Discussion on Outsourcing Opportunities for Ethiopia Washington D.C. January 12, 2012 Agenda TOPIC DURATION
More informationOffshoring of Jobs from Suffolk County
Offshoring of Jobs from Suffolk County Socioeconomic impact analysis Presented to: The Boston Redevelopment Authority 12.8.2004 By Alexandre Bartolin Nai Jia Lee Xin Li Moshahida Sultana Zhijun Tan 1 Agenda
More informationSHASTA EDC BUSINESS PLAN
SHASTA EDC BUSINESS PLAN 2016-2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Vision, Mission, Principles & Values 3 Responsibilities & Focus 4 Company Recruitment 5-7 Business Expansion & Retention 8 Entrepreneurial Development
More informationThe Innovation Activities of Multinational Enterprises and the Demand for Skilled Worker, Non-Immigrant Visas
The Innovation Activities of Multinational Enterprises and the Demand for Skilled Worker, Non-Immigrant Visas Stephen Ross Yeaple Pennsylvania State University April 3, 2017 Multinational enterprises,
More informationOffshoring, Outsourcing and Production Fragmentation
Offshoring, Outsourcing and Production Fragmentation This page intentionally left blank Offshoring, Outsourcing and Production Fragmentation Linking Macroeconomic and Micro-Business Perspectives Mariusz-Jan
More informationWhat is critical thinking?
Critical Thinking About Consolidation in Healthcare: The Curious Case of Hospital Systems Lawton Robert Burns, Ph.D., MBA James Joo-Jin Kim Professor Professor of Health Care Management The Wharton School
More information