CONTENTS. RCG Terms of Reference Summary of RCG First Session RCG Background Timeline of Key Events...07

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1 BRIEFING PACK

2 Bangkok Thailand, October 2016 CONTENTS RCG Terms of Reference...02 Summary of RCG First Session...04 RCG Background...06 Timeline of Key Events...07 RCG Second Session Agenda...08 Annual Meeting of the Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination...10 Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards...12 In Focus: The Pacific Region...16 Rapid Response in Asia and the Pacific...18 RCG Publication...20 UN-CMCOORD Generic International Disaster Coordination Model...21 What is Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination?...22 The Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance

3 RCG TERMS OF REFERENCE Background The Asia-Pacific series of Conferences on Military Assistance to Disaster Relief Operations (APC-MADRO) that took place over a five-year period 1, were organized with the aim of developing collaborative Guidelines to assist the planning of foreign military assistance in support of disaster response operations in the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of this process, the Asia- Pacific Regional Guidelines for the Use of Foreign Military Assets in Natural Disaster Response Operations ( APC MADRO Guidelines ) 2 were finalized and endorsed. Building upon the outcomes of the Asia-Pacific series of Conferences, the ASEAN-U.S. Informal Defence Forum, held in Hawaii in April 2014, highlighted the need for greater engagement and enhanced coordination between civilian and military personnel engaged in disaster management in the Asia-Pacific region. OCHA s Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, Ms. Kyungwha Kang, proposed to organize a civil-military coordination workshop on the subject of disaster preparedness and coordinated operational planning in response to this call. 3. Ms. Kang s proposal was met with broad agreement and OCHA s Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP) hosted a regional Civil-Military Coordination Workshop on October 2014, in Bangkok, Thailand. The event gathered 72 participants from 20 countries. They represented all the key actors that possess a comparative advantage in the rapid mobilization of relief assistance and logistical capacity required to increase the effectiveness of response efforts, particularly in large-scale natural disasters: national authorities, armed forces, representatives from the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA CENTRE), the NGO community, IFRC, the UN and donors. In addition to clear acknowledgment by participants of the need for better coordinated planning and agreement on how this could be achieved in critical areas of disaster response, a key outcome of the workshop was the recommendation to create a multi-stakeholder Regional Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia-Pacific to take this planning forward at a practical level. II. Guiding Documents and Principles The main reference documents for the Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination are the Asia-Pacific Regional Guidelines for the Use of Foreign Military Assets in Natural Disaster Response Operations ( APC MADRO Guidelines ). These regional Guidelines should be read in complement and conjunction with the Guidelines on the Use of Foreign Military and Civil Defence Assets in Disaster Relief ( Oslo Guidelines ). The APC MADRO Guidelines are a reference guide for Member States who plan and execute foreign military support for international disaster response, as well as humanitarian entities, in order to establish the basic framework for the effective and efficient use of foreign military assets in international disaster response operations in support of an affected State[s] in the Asia-Pacific region. They have been developed between numerous regional Member States and organizations who have gained invaluable experience and lessons learned in deploying and receiving military assistance when answering to international disaster response requests. The APC MADRO Guidelines encompass the overarching principles and concepts guiding the use of foreign military assets in disaster response operations in the Asia-Pacific region. These principles and concepts, which will form the basis for the RCG s work, include: the principle of sovereignty, territorial integrity and national unity of States; the humanitarian principles (humanity, neutrality, impartiality and operational independence); complementarity; at no cost and with the consent of the affected State; needs-driven and timelimited. During international disaster response operations, the establishment of any civil-military coordination architecture will depend on the Affected State s national structure and unique circumstances. Building upon this key principle, the Guidelines provide an outline of possible liaison arrangements as well as models for the establishment of civil-military coordination mechanisms. III. Purpose The following Terms of Reference (TOR) describe the roles and responsibilities of the Regional Consultative Group for Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia-Pacific. The objective of the RCG is to advance the civil-military coordination agenda in the region, including taking concrete steps to facilitate the coordination of operational planning between civilian and military entities preparing to respond to major disasters in the region. 3 The TOR aim to guide and facilitate the work and discussions of the Regional Consultative Group for Humanitarian Civil- Military Coordination. The Regional Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia-Pacific is established to: a) Act as a regional forum that brings together the humanitarian, civilian and military actors involved in disaster response preparedness planning and disaster response, including aspects related to the field of civil-military coordination and the use of foreign military assets. b) Discuss response preparedness planning and make progress in the coordination of operational planning between civilian and military actors preparing to respond to major disasters in the region. Aspects that will be taken into consideration shall include: coordination of logistic planning processes aimed at harmonizing logistic efforts; revision/update of information-sharing platforms to facilitate civil-military coordination in the preparedness and response phase of large-scale natural disasters; agreement on structures for civil-military coordination mechanisms to be activated during disaster response operations. c) Agree on the prioritization of countries where the process of coordinated operational planning between civilian and military actors should be implemented. The selected countries should possess hazard and demographic profiles that make them especially vulnerable to a suddenonset large-scale disaster and would therefore require a coordinated national, regional and international response. d) Provide a platform for the exchange of information and ideas in order to enable well-coordinated, quality and needsbased efficient and effective disaster response to a broad range of humanitarian emergency operations. e) Identify and address emerging policy issues and gaps in the field of response preparedness and civil-military coordination; identify existing documents and address the possible need for updates or revisions. f) Work as a platform for gathering, disseminating and implementing civil-military coordination and disaster response related lessons learned and good practices. g) Establish linkages between the work of the RCG and other relevant forums, as and when appropriate, with an emphasis on the relationship with Regional Organizations and the Global Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination. Chairing Arrangements The Regional Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia-Pacific will be co-chaired by OCHA and one of the participating Member States or organizations, to be selected on an annual rotational basis. The Chair and Co-Chair shall engage actively in all aspects of the RCG related issues and discussions. Participation / Membership The Regional Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil- Military Coordination will be multi-stakeholder. Participation in the RCG will be by invitation and will include Member States, representatives from the Armed Forces, regional organizations, academia / think tanks, international, national and local NGOs/ CSOs, UN organizations and international organizations, Red Cross / Red Crescent Movement, donors, private sector. RCG members will form part of a community of practice (COP), and will be expected to share information, as well as ensure appropriate representation in the meetings and related work of the RCG. Secretariat OCHA Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP) will act as the RCG Permanent Secretariat. The main function of the Secretariat will be to provide support and services to the RCG membership. Meeting Schedule The RCG will hold an Annual Meeting, with the date confirmed (following a save the date message) no later than six weeks prior to the event. Additional sessions will be held on specific issues as put forward by the RCG members, generally in conjunction with larger meetings to facilitate consultation and dialogue at the regional level among countries and regional institutions. The RCG may also look at particular issues within smaller specialised Working Groups led by designated focal points. These Working Groups will meet during the year and will report to the Annual Meeting on progress made or completion of the particular project / task /deliverables assigned to them. Products The RCG members will monitor and share information with regard to updates of existing products as well as the development of any new relevant documents. The RCG will discuss and, if appropriate, endorse background papers, key messages and recommendations on broader policy and/or operational issues. Endorsement The Terms of Reference were discussed during the first Introductory Session of the Regional Consultative Group that took place on Wednesday 15 April 2015, following the Global Forum on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination in preparation for the World Humanitarian Summit (WHS), that was held in Singapore on April Participating Member States and organizations can propose specific agenda items, issues for discussion and action by the RCG via the Secretariat. Funding There is currently no dedicated funding attached to the work of the RCG. However, individual participating delegations are encouraged to find creative ways of funding or sponsoring a particular activity or piece of work to be carried out with the RCG framework in Singapore; 2007 in Kuala Lumpur; 2008 in Canberra; 2009 in Honolulu; 2010 in Bangkok. 2. Asia-Pacific Regional Guidelines For The Use Of Foreign Military Assets In Natural Disaster Response Operations ( 3. Regional Civil-Military Coordination Workshop Final Report (October 2014) 02 03

4 SUMMARY OF RCG FIRST SESSION 4-5 December 2015 The First Session of the Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific took place on 3-4 December 2015 at the United Nations Building, Bangkok, Thailand. The objectives of the First Session of the RCG were the following: 1. To discuss response preparedness planning: the key focus of the First Session of the RCG was for participants to agree on key civil-military coordination findings that were used to develop country-level work plans aimed at enhancing the coordination of operational planning between civilian and military actors in priority countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, Myanmar and the Philippines); 2. To establish linkages between the work of the RCG and other relevant frameworks, with an emphasis on strengthening the engagement of Regional Organizations with the Regional and Global Consultative Groups on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination; 3. To identify, address, and where required, review and update policy issues and publications in the field of response preparedness and humanitarian civil-military coordination. The First Session of the RCG gathered a total of 85 participants from more than 25 countries including humanitarian personnel, disaster management officials and military actors from Member States and regional organizations throughout the Asia-Pacific region. As part of the introductory sessions of the RCG, an important focus was placed on creating the link between the RCG for Asia and the Pacific and the UN-CMCoord Global Consultative Group, so as to allow information sharing and cross fertilization among the two platforms. In addition, synergies with other existing regional frameworks were identified. During the second day of the RCG, participants focused on the recommendations formulated during the previous day and agreed on how these findings could be used to enhance the coordination of operational planning between civilian and military actors in the following RCG priority countries: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, Myanmar and the Philippines. At the end of the session, a government representative presented in plenary a detailed work plan on how to advance during 2016 the process of coordination of operational planning in each country. 04 A - Bangladesh The 2016 work plan for Bangladesh is focused on three main areas: 1) Coordination mechanisms: the Government of Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Armed Forces acknowledged the need to enhance their understanding of how the military to military (MNCC) as well as the civil-military coordination mechanisms (HuMOCC) could be tailored and applied to the specific context of Bangladesh. A number of training opportunities both at national and regional level were identified in 2016 to empower the national actors to further develop these concepts for Bangladesh. It was also agreed that the Disaster Response Exercise and Exchange (DREE) in October 2016 would represent the key event to test the progress made in this area; 2) Use, allocation and tracking of Foreign Military Assets (FMA): participants agreed that the Joint Needs Assessment process in Bangladesh provides enough secondary data to conduct an analysis of what would be the key immediate needs for a medium to large scale disaster response in Bangladesh. This analysis on the key immediate needs will be conducted in 2016 and would then allow the pre-identification of what FMA would be needed at national and regional level to support disaster response efforts; c) Coordination of Logistic Planning: Bangladesh expressed willingness to take part in the RCG working group on logistics. Their interest is to have a better understanding of the one-stop-shop concept as well as exploring the possibility of a logistic exercise organized at regional level. B - Indonesia The 2016 work plan for Indonesia is focused on four main areas: 1) Coordination mechanisms: the working group agreed that the focus should be on using existing in-country coordination mechanisms, including the recently created Technical Working Group (TWG) on Civil-Military Coordination. During 2016, linkages between the Logistics Cluster and the TWG will be reinforced; 2) Use, allocation and tracking of Foreign Military Assets (FMA): in 2016 the four key Clusters (WASH, Health, Shelter, Food) will provide a plan for what the immediate assistance package looks like in the national context. In particular, the Logistics Cluster will assess what capacity exists and will be mobilized by Indonesia, so as to identify gaps that will need to be addressed by international actors; 3) Coordination of Logistic Planning: participants agreed that the RCG working group on logistics must link into the Logistics Cluster in Jakarta. The log planning and the identification of the key immediate needs should be used by ASEAN to have pre-arrangements under the ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP); 4) Information Sharing Platforms: in 2016, BNPB, with support from AHA Centre and OCHA, should provide detailed plans for the activation of the Multi-Agency Coordination Center (MAC) (i.e. HuMOCC and houses both the joint OSOCC/JOCCA and the MNCC), including the use of information sharing platforms. C - Nepal The 2016 work plan for Nepal is focused on three main areas: 1) Coordination mechanisms: participants agreed that there is the need to enhance the predictability of disaster response operations in Nepal. This means that member states planning to provide support should have in place functional bilateral agreements with the Government of Nepal focused on key aspects (such as overflight permission from en route countries). Given technical and political realities, it was agreed that operations in Nepal will have to be assigned to specific geographic sectors (within the Multinational Military Coordination Center -MNMCC) and that these operational sectors would need to be developed, with the identification of clear parameters. The need to have a Whole of System involvement in planning/response was highlighted (customs agents, cargo handlers, etc.); 2) Use, allocation and tracking of Foreign Military Assets (FMA): in Nepal, FMA coordination at national level takes place in the MNMCC and is facilitated through liaison with the established civil-military coordination platform. In 2016, Nepal will focus on developing information products that explain these specific arrangements; 3) Information sharing platforms: participants agreed that preparedness efforts should focus on a Western Nepal EQ scenario. This would entail updating baseline data and ensuring that specific additional data needs are expressed and addressed. The GoN/MoHA informed that they have developed an information sharing platform that they would like to test in 2016 to determine capacity and raise awareness amongst responders. The platform could also be used to better communicate GoN requirements in terms of gaps and possible support needed for large-scale disaster response operations. The MPAT TE28 scheduled to take place in March 2016 was identified as one key event to test progress made in these areas. D - Philippines During 2016 the Philippines will focus on strengthening coordination mechanisms and improving situational awareness through the recently established Philippines International Humanitarian Assistance Cluster (PIHAC). The main task of the PIHAC is to enhance existing mechanisms and policies to deal with emergencies and to facilitate the entry of international humanitarian assistance. In 2016, the Philippines will focus on key aspects that need to be integrated or further developed as part of the PIHAC: 1) Liaison functions (CMCC/HUMOCC); one-stop-shop (facilitates CIQ, entry/exit airports and ports); Stages of validation (Cluster > Logs Cluster > Trading floor); Organization accreditation. In relation to the use, allocation and tracking of Foreign Military Assets (FMA), the Philippines will focus on preparing an inventory of national capabilities so as to have to have in place pre-determined requests for FMA based on the agreed scenario and identified gaps; the need for other agreements such as SOFA /ASEAN SOFA and on routes and capability of airports will also be addressed. In addition, an important focus will be placed on the implementation of an interoperable platform to facilitate information sharing as well as log tracking of between the humanitarian community and national/foreign militaries. A standalone, country-level TTX event (April 2016) to be led by the Government of the Philippines was identified as the key benchmark to test progress made in these areas. E - Myanmar A number of UN-CMCoord findings and lessons learned have indicated that an effective level of civil-military coordination in natural disasters and complex emergencies is often largely the direct result of experts establishing previous professional and personal relationships during former deployments and training events. Therefore, trainings and capacity building events can provide excellent opportunities in terms of fostering mutual knowledge, trust and unity of efforts among all the key stakeholders. Awareness and understanding of global, regional and country-specific civil-military coordination guidelines can represent an additional important tool to ensure accountability of civil-military coordination mechanisms, systems and procedures. Against this background, in 2016 the Government of Myanmar will focus on increasing their knowledge and understanding of key humanitarian civil-military coordination concepts and principles with dedicated workshops and training sessions. The First Session of the RCG was also dedicated to the election of the Philippines as the RCG Chair for Indonesia and Singapore also expressed interest to chair the RCG in 2017/2018. The first responsibility of the RCG Chair was to attend the upcoming Annual Meeting of the Global Consultative Group (Geneva -February 2016) and report key findings and recommendations that resulted from the First Session of the RCG. 05

5 The Asia-Pacific Conferences on Military Assistance to Disaster Relief Operations Issued: 13 January 2010 Regional Consultative Group I Second Session I Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Bangkok Thailand, October 2016 RCG BACKGROUND TIMELINE OF KEY EVENTS A multi-stakeholder Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific was formed in 2014 to act as a regional forum that brings together the humanitarian, civilian and military actors involved in disaster response preparedness planning and disaster response in the region. As outlined in the RCG Terms of Reference, the RCG was formed to : a) discuss response preparedness planning, with a focus on coordination of operational planning between civilian and military actors; b) facilitate exchange of information and innovative ideas to enable well-coordinated and needs-based effective disaster response to a broad range of humanitarian emergency operations; c) strengthen linkages with other relevant platforms with an emphasis on the relationship with Regional Organizations and the Global Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination. RCG First Session REGIONAL CONSULTATIVE GROUP The First Session of the Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific took place on 3-4 December 2015 at the United Nations Building, Bangkok, Thailand. The event resulted in a number of outcomes, including: Response preparedness planning: the key focus of the First Session of the RCG was for RCG members to develop countrylevel work plans aimed at enhancing the coordination of operational planning between civilian and military actors in priority countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, Myanmar and the Philippines); Predictability of civil-military coordination in response: RCG members defined approaches that can enhance the predictability of civil-military coordination mechanisms by examining lessons learned from recent responses and the extent these lessons were applied in subsequent operations; Use, allocation and tracking of foreign military assets (FMA): RCG members agreed on the need to develop predetermined agreements with specific government/militaries on FMA that can be immediately mobilized. They also explored what interoperable system could track the use and allocation of military assistance. Similarly, they agreed that exit strategies in the use of FMA need to be streamlined and communicated as soon as possible into the operation. UN-CMCoord Global Consultative Group: an important focus of the RCG First Session was placed on strengthening the link between the RCG and the UN-CMCoord Global Consultative Group, so as to allow information sharing and cross fertilization among the two platforms. RCG Second Session The Second Session of the Regional Consultative Group (RCG) is scheduled to take place on October 2016 at the United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok, Thailand. The RCG Second Session will focus on a number of issues that can advance the civil-military coordination agenda in the region: Update on the work plans that were agreed during the RCG First Session to strengthen the coordination of operational planning between civilian and military actors in each of the RCG focus countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, Myanmar and the Philippines); Overview of the outcomes of the Annual Meeting of the UN- CMCoord Global Consultative Group (Geneva, February 2016) as well as the results of the UN-CMCoord side event at the World Humanitarian Summit (Istanbul, May 2016); Outline of new UN-CMCoord projects such as the development of Common Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards and their relevance for the Asia-Pacific region; Overview of security management and what would be the essential elements of security information that would be needed for the humanitarian response community; Establishment of the RCG working group for the Pacific; Update on the relevant RCG publications; Election of the RCG Chair for Attendance to the Second Session of the RCG will be by invitation only to be extended to humanitarian staff members, disaster management officials and military actors from Member States and regional organizations throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The First Session of the RCG was also dedicated to the election of the Government of the Philippines as the RCG Chair for The first responsibility of the RCG Chair was to attend the Annual Meeting of the Global Consultative Group (Geneva, February 2016) and report key findings and recommendations that resulted from the First Session of the RCG. In addition, the Government of the Philippines represented the RCG at the World Humanitarian Summit (Istanbul, May 2016) REGIONAL CONSULTATIVE GROUP APC-MADRO Asia-Pacific Regional Guidelines For The Use Of Foreign Military Assets In Natural Disaster Response Operations Asia-Pacific October 2016 RCG on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific Second Session Bangkok, Thailand September 2016 Second Edition of the RCG Newsletter April 2016 First Edition of the RCG Newsletter December 2015 RCG on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific First Session Bangkok, Thailand April 2015 RCG on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific Introductory Session Singapore November 2014 Creation of the Regional Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific October 2014 Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Workshop Bangkok, Thailand Update of APC MADRO Guidelines Global February 2017 Annual Meeting of the Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Geneva, Switzerland May 2016 Developing Common Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards WHS Side Event, Istanbul, Turkey February 2016 Annual meeting of the Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Geneva, Switzerland April 2015 WHS Global Forum on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Singapore February 2015 Annual Meeting of the Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Geneva, Switzerland 2010 Asia-Pacific Regional Guidelines for the Use of Foreign Military Assets in Natural Disaster Response Operations (APC MADRO Guidelines) Asia-Pacific Series of Conferences on Military Assistance to Disaster Relief Operations 06 07

6 RCG SECOND SESSION AGENDA TIME TUESDAY 11 OCTOBER 7 17:30-17:45 Summary of First Day and Closing Remarks Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance 08:00-08:45 Registration 1 09:00-10:00 Opening Remarks Under-Secretary Ricardo B. Jalad, Executive Director NDRRMC and Administrator OCD, Government of the Philippines USG Keynote Remarks Mr. Stephen O Brien, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator 18:00-19:00 Participants Reception: UNCC Building TIME WEDNESDAY 12 OCTOBER 10:00-10:30 Group Photo and Coffee Break 2 10:30-11:00 Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination (UN-CMCoord) for Asia and the Pacific - Second Session Objective: To provide an overview of the objectives and agenda for the RCG Second Session. Sebastian Rhodes Stampa, Deputy Head, OCHA ROAP 1 09:00-09:30 Evolving Trends in Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific Objective: To highlight how humanitarian needs in the aftermath of sudden onset-disasters are relatively predictable, and how those needs can be contextualized based on existing secondary data and socio-cultural analysis. To outline how coordination of operational planning with military forces can leverage the unique assets and capabilities of the armed forces to meet the identified key immediate needs. Markus Werne, Head of Office, OCHA ROAP :00-11:30 (Briefing) 11:30-12:30 (Panel Discussion) 12:30-13:30 Lunch 13:30-14:00 14:00-15:00 15:00-15:30 Coffee Break 5 15:30-16: :15-17:30 Panel Discussion: Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards Objective: To provide an overview of the outcomes of the 2016 annual meeting of the global consultative group and outline the relevance and linkages with the RCG and the Asia-Pacific region. To discuss the WHS UN-CMCoord Side Event, including the recommendation and commitment to develop humanitarian civil-military coordination standards to guide the proper and coherent use and effective coordination of military assets in humanitarian action. Moderator: Michael Marx, Senior Civil-Military Advisor, OCHA Panellists: General Restituto Padilla, Asst Deputy Chief of Staff for Civil-Military Operations, J7, AFP and Christopher Ankersen, Chief, Security and Safety Section Bangkok, Security Advisor, Thailand (UNDSS) Regional Consultative Group on UN-CMCoord for Asia and the Pacific Work Plan Objective: To outline the outcomes of the RCG First Session and the related 2016 work plan. Under-Secretary Ricardo B. Jalad, Executive Director NDRRMC and Administrator OCD, Government of the Philippines Objective: To brief on progress made against the work plans for the coordination of operational planning in the five RCG priority countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines). Government representatives from each of the RCG priority countries Panel Discussion: Predictable Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Platforms in Emergencies Objective: To ensure follow-up to the RCG First Session recommendation to develop a dedicated publication that would outline the civil-military coordination mechanisms and platforms in each of the five priority countries. Moderator: Viviana De Annuntiis, Regional Civil-Military Coordination Officer, OCHA ROAP Panellists: Greg Elliott, Deputy Executive Director, Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC) and Beth Eggleston, Director, Humanitarian Advisory Group (HAG) UN-CMCoord Regional Updates Objective: To outline the updates in humanitarian civil-military coordination in ASEAN. To discuss the unique civil-military coordination environment in the Pacific and agree to establish the RCG sub-working group for the Pacific. To share regional best practices in UN-CMCoord from the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Moderator: Sebastian Rhodes Stampa, Deputy Head, OCHA ROAP Panellists: ASEAN, PACIFIC, RCRC 2 09:30-11:00 11:00-11:30 Coffee Break Group Discussion: BANGLADESH, INDONESIA, MYANMAR, NEPAL, PHILIPPINES Objective: To discuss the relevance and implementation of the outlined evolving trends in disaster response in Asia and the Pacific for the five priority countries. 3 11:30-13:00 Plenary Session: Presentation of the Working Group Findings 13:00-14:00 Lunch Break 4 14:00-15: :00-16: :00-16: :30-17:00 Security of Disaster Relief Operations: a Regional Approach Objective: To outline regional hazards and trends that can affect disaster response operations and pose a threat to disaster responders. To provide an overview of security management and what would be the essential elements of security information that would be needed for the humanitarian response community. Christopher Ankersen, Chief, Security and Safety Section Bangkok, Security Advisor, Thailand (UNDSS) Jessica H.S. Ear, J.D., Professor, Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) RCG Logistics Working Group Objective: To discuss the recommendation formulated during the RCG First Session to establish an RCG Logistics Working Group (LWG). The LWG purpose is to enhance the predictability and appropriate use of foreign military logistics assets to further augment known humanitarian logistical capabilities. Issues such as inter-operability and regional coordination of operational planning in logistics will also be addressed by the LWG. Regional Exercise Synchronization Objective: To promote greater awareness of civil-military exercises in the region. To ensure follow-up to the recommendation formulated during the RCG First Session to develop one exercise that would test the full spectrum of the coordination architecture, including military to military and civil-military coordination. Nidhirat Srisirirojanakorn, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, OCHA ROAP 2017 Outlook: RCG Work Plan and Introduction of the RCG Chair for 2017 Objective: To introduce the RCG Chair for 2017 and discuss the RCG workplan and engagement in the GCG. Under-Secretary Ricardo B. Jalad, Executive Director NDRRMC and Administrator OCD, Government of the Philippines Closing Remarks Under-Secretary Ricardo B. Jalad, Executive Director NDRRMC and Administrator OCD, Government of the Philippines Markus Werne, Head of Office, OCHA ROAP 08 09

7 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON HUMANITARIAN CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION - Feb 2016 SUMMARY REPORT The meeting of the Consultative Group (CG) was chaired by Ambassador Toni Frisch on 3 February 2016 in Geneva, Switzerland. It was held during the Humanitarian Networks and Partnership Week. Some 115 participants from 50 countries and humanitarian, military, development and security organizations contributed to the interactive discussions. The meeting comprised two main discussion topics: Emerging Initiatives and Recommendations from the World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Roadmap Events; and Dedicated, Predictable Space for Humanitarian-Military Interaction. The agenda item Presentations by Participating Member States and Organizations on Related Emerging Initiatives allowed participants to share their recent initiatives and action in civilmilitary coordination. In her introductory remarks, Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Ms Kyung-wha Kang pointed to the importance OCHA places on its humanitarian civil-military coordination mandate. She underlined the importance of sustained dialogue and interoperability among all stakeholders. She commented on the fact that most military today are likely to be deployed to support humanitarian action and pondered on their level of readiness. The Chair of the Consultative Group, Ambassador Toni Frisch, in opening the meeting, expressed his pride in the CG s anticipation and work towards recommendations for the WHS, three of which were included in the WHS Synthesis Report. As Ms Kang, he underlined the importance of shared responsibility and involvement at the political, policy and operational levels. The session on Emerging Initiatives & Recommendations from the WHS CMCoord Roadmap Events looked at the recommendations and commitment to develop a set of humanitarian civil-military coordination standards to guide the proper and coherent use and effective coordination of military assets in humanitarian action. Panel experts from IFRC, the Asia Pacific Regional Consultative Group, OCHA Asia Pacific Regional Office (ROAP) and Civil-Military Coordination Section (CMCS), facilitated the discussion. 10 The first Regional Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia Pacific (RCG) was held in December 2015 in Bangkok. The CG welcomed the implementation of related recommendations from the WHS CMCoord roadmap as an enabler to exchange global and regional CMCoord good practice. Key conclusions of the global CG will be brought to the second RCG session in the fourth quarter of 2016 in Bangkok. The Government of the Philippines and OCHA ROAP welcomed thoughts and suggestions from CG stakeholders for possible discussion topics during that meeting. The CG stressed the importance of avoiding gaps or overlaps in activities and interaction with other regional activities. The CG discussed the increasingly different uses of military assets, such as for the protection of civilians and access. CMCoord officers are more and more involved in supporting access negotiations, protection of civilians and humanitarian notification systems ( de-confliction ). In the field of protection it was suggested that good referral mechanisms may better address the needs. CMCS introduced the first draft concept of developing humanitarian civil-military coordination standards to address the challenges discussed as they pertain to humanitarian assistance and natural disaster response operations. The suggestion to create a small Drafting Committee and a larger Advisory Group with focus on geographic and organizational mandate diversity was well received. The session entitled Presentations by Participating Member States and Organizations on Related Emerging Initiatives triggered an exchange of information, thoughts and considerations. The session was moderated by CMCS and facilitated by the CIMIC Centre of Excellence, the Global Logistics Cluster and the Norwegian Defence International Centre. Participants concluded that joint training was a good practice to transfer knowledge and to build trust among the many stakeholders involved in CMCoord. The linkage between the civil-military functions of WFP, the Logistics Cluster and CMCS were clarified. Expectations from the military and their limits was brought up. It is important to understand the protection of civilians mandate of UN peace operations. Progress has been made in language and terminology for better planning and use of limited assets. Standardisation leads to interoperability and U N - C M C o o r d UNITED NATIONS HUMANITARIAN CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION Facilitating the right assistance, to the right people, at the right time, in the most appropriate way common understanding. It was found fundamental to maintain the CG network as an operationally driving force, sharing and enabling capabilities. The session on Dedicated, Predictable Space for Humanitarian- Military Interaction, moderated by the Chief of CMCS, continued on the overarching theme of standard-setting, with focus on the establishment of a dedicated platform where humanitarian and military actors can interact to create a common situational awareness and increase humanitarian effectiveness. Given the many relevant elements surrounding the question, the session comprised two panels, one on the background of natural disasters and the other one focusing on protracted crises and violent environments. The Humanitarian-Military Operational Coordination Concept (HuMOCC) is a platform that ensures the appropriate use of available capability. The CG was interested in the next steps to formalise the HuMOCC as a common standard. It has been included in various training and exercise programmes already and advocacy is ongoing for the establishment of such a platform by countries prone to natural disasters. The speed of response is primordial to make a difference. A joint operations cell or platform is the way forward. Preparatory measures are essential. This was a particular lesson learned in the specific case of the Ebola outbreak. The ongoing WHO reform process pointed to a WHO lead in forthcoming airborne health epidemics, with further elaboration on a bridge to OCHA and facilitating the role of all agencies involved. The prepositioning of medical supplies would be brought to the WHS. All emergency medical teams should have the same standards. The same is valid for civil-military coordination and joint operations. New training tools, such as the CMCoord ecourse would bring important potentials and opportunities to a broad audience. The second part of the session, which focused on protracted crises and violent environments, was facilitated by the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, UNDSS, and InterAction. In parallel with the HuMOCC, CMCS is working on a concept for a dedicated coordination platform in complex emergencies. The humanitarian community is facing the dilemma of striking the right balance between minimizing security and safety incidents and at the same time remain operational. Examples where the purpose of a mission can be negated were given with regard to armed escorts and visits to communities where acceptable solutions and compromises have to be found. The necessity to explore and strengthen the link between CMCoord and security, protection and access negotiation was prominent in the discussion. The Saving Lives Together framework is also likely to become a part of the CMCoord supporting role in these areas. CMCS is analysing the CMCoord functions to this extent. The Chair summarized the day s discussions in the final session, Conclusions and Final Remarks. He expressed his satisfaction with OCHA senior management s continued support and thanked the CG representatives for their insight and commitment to action the discussion points. The main conclusions were: a. CMCS as the Secretariat of the CG will submit an application for the organization of a CMCoord side event at the World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul, under the auspices of the UN-CMCoord Consultative Group. It will also aim to include the Chair of the CG in the high-level round tables and discussions. This would provide an opportunity to express the CG commitment and endeavour to reach the leaders for their re-commitment to the humanitarian civil-military agenda and standards. b. The CG agreed to start the process of developing humanitarian civil-military coordination standards on the appropriate use of military forces and assets in support of humanitarian action. It also decided to form a Drafting Committee and an Advisory Group to bring the process forward. c. The establishment of the first Regional Consultative Group (RCG), on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific was a concrete result of the CMCoord roadmap events. The close link to the global CG will be beneficial for both the global and regional level. Other regions were encouraged to follow suit. d. The added value of the HuMOCC was a direct result of the consultations. A collective effort will be made to advocate for the systematic establishment of a platform in major sudden onset disasters. CMCS will develop a concept for a dedicated platform for complex emergency situations. e. Protracted crises and violent environments are becoming the norm. The CMCoord function s involvement in and support to humanitarian access, protection and security matters will be thoroughly analysed and actioned. f. Humanitarian training courses and events should always include military counterparts. Joint training and exercises is a sine qua non preparedness measure that needs to be sustained at all levels, globally, regionally and nationally. g. The Humanitarian Network and Partnership Week provided a good opportunity to exchange ideas and opportunities between the various networks. The participation in the CG by several other network representatives added great value to the consultations and outcomes. 11

8 HUMANITARIAN CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION STANDARDS WHS SIDE EVENT - May 2016 WHS SIDE EVENT Istanbul, Turkey Key quotes from the event In essence, a standard is an agreed way of doing something. Ms Judith Greenwood, Executive Director, CHS Alliance OUTCOME 1 Engagement and support for the collaborative process of developing Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards OUTCOME 2 Respect, understanding and trust OUTCOME 3 Lessons learned Standards are not meant to replace common sense. (Is your GPS always right?) Ms Judith Greenwood, Executive Director, CHS Alliance Leadership and execution of the Common Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards is a difference maker. Ms Jules Frost, International Director, MEDAIR Standards are additional resources, they are useful but it is even more important to show respect for principles in practice. Mr Michael Adamson, Chief Executive of the British Red Cross The panellists and audience welcomed the decision by the multi-stakeholder Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil- Military Coordination to develop Humanitarian Civil- Military Coordination Standards. It will ensure that good practice is agreed upon, understood and promoted. Standards will improve interoperability as well as clarity for staff on expected behaviour and boundaries. The process should build on existing principles, concepts and standards, but should not be aggregated. It is important to define the scope and users and make sure the process is inclusive. The Standards should be made verifiable, and related tools and guidance should be provided in many languages. Real life situations and the context of the implementation The building of trust was seen as particularly important in civil-military coordination and standard-setting. Before discussing civil-military coordination from foreign sources, it is necessary to build understanding among civilian and military actors within disaster-prone countries. This would facilitate the reception of foreign military assets in the first place, followed by specially established protocols for a clear understanding on how to deal with foreign military assets and personnel. A clear exit strategy should not be forgotten. The question on information sharing between military and humanitarian actors in conflict situations was raised, in particular the importance of non-targeting of civilian facilities and data sharing on health risks. The military have Despite huge preparedness work in Nepal, during the response to the earthquake, some donated foreign military assets remained un-utilized. A lesson to be learned is that supply or politically driven response does not always respond to real needs, supporting assets are not the last resort, not impartial, not efficient, and not complementary to local assets or actors who are the first responders. The Ebola response was a learning opportunity for all actors - local, regional and international. All were caught by surprise and many lessons learned exercises were conducted. Lessons learned was seen as a critical part of the Standard development, using the evolution of civilian, government, humanitarian and military actors over the past two decades to inform the Standards. Understanding, respect and trust are the key elements of successful Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination. General Gunther Greindl (ret), President of the Association of Austrian Peacekeepers I believe that having a predictable platform for humanitariancivil-military coordination is critical in developing common standards and ensuring proper and coherent use of FMA in support of humanitarian action. Undersecretary Alexander Pama, Executive Director, National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, Office of Civil Defense, the Philippines The Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean welcomes and supports the development of Common Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards, with and through our 27 Member States. Sen. Lhou Lmarbouh, President, Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean of standards were seen as key. Government, military and humanitarian communities have a shared interest in working together, with clearly outlined objectives and common standards. a lot of capacity to collect and analyze sensitive information. Information sharing for humanitarian purposes should be made possible. Training events and exercises facilitate mutual understanding. The question of non-state actors involvement in the debate and standard-setting was addressed. Non-state actors also have an interest in putting the people in need at the centre. It was felt that there needs to be a much deeper and sophisticated understanding of this group s perceptions and One key element was the willingness of Member States and responding organizations to share lessons learned so that the response can be as efficient as possible, with people in need truly at the centre. It is equally important that lessons are learned collectively and that they are brought into systems and structures so as to not get lost with rotation of personnel. A reflection on the Haiyan experience offers important lessons from different perspectives, especially civil-military coordination. Undersecretary Alexander Pama, Executive Director, National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, Office of Civil Defense, the Philippines Of course it does not stop here, this is only the beginning. The WHS gives us a great opportunity to take the development of Common Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards further down the road. Amb Toni Frisch, Chair, Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination objectives. Event Organizer: Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Chair: Ambassador Toni Frisch, Chair of the Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Moderator: Mr Michael Marx, Senior Civil-Military Coordination Advisor, UN OCHA Introductory remarks - UN-CMCoord and the WHS: Ms. Kyung-wha Kang, Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, UN OCHA Panellists: Ms Judith F. Greenwood, Executive Director, CHS Alliance Mr Michael Adamson, Chief Executive of the British Red Cross General Günther Greindl (ret), President of the Association of Austrian Peacekeepers Undersecretary Alexander Pama, Executive Director, National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, Office of Civil Defense, the Philippines Core Responsibility Discussed: Uphold the Norms that Safeguard Humanity 12 13

9 HUMANITARIAN CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION STANDARDS Framework for Standards Introduction The multi-stakeholder Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination agreed to the development of common Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards at its annual meeting in February With its beginnings anchored in the regional and thematic consultations undertaken in preparation for the World Humanitarian Summit, the proposed Standards represent an opportunity to operationalize and bring currency to internationally agreed guidelines and guidance on civilmilitary interaction and the use of foreign and host nation military assets in humanitarian assistance operations. To be applicable in conflict and non-conflict environments, and in locations where United Nations (UN) peacekeeping or other regional peacekeeping forces are deployed alongside humanitarian actors, the Standards will provide a unified framework to guide principled and coordinated humanitarian civil-military interaction before, during and after a humanitarian emergency. The Standards will also give greater relevance to five Guiding Principles that have emerged from over a decade of UN General Assembly negotiations on this topic. In particular, Member States have sought to institutionalize a more predictable, efficient and coordinated approach to the deployment of Foreign Military Assets (FMA) in support of humanitarian assistance operations. The guiding principles are: (1) Recognize distinction and the leading role of civilian organizations in implementing humanitarian assistance and the fundamental civilian character of humanitarian action, particularly in areas affected by conflict. (2) Ensure the deployment of FMA is coordinated with the United Nations Emergency Relief Coordinator and at the request, or with the consent of, the affected State. (3) Ensure that FMA is used only as a last resort to meet specific, identified needs, when those assets are unique in capability, availability and timeliness. (4) Ensure the use of FMA complements the relief operation and is in conformity with international law and humanitarian principles as well as internationally established guidelines such as the Oslo and MCDA guidelines, and regional and country/context specific guidance, where present. (5) Recognize United Nations Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination (UN-CMCoord) as the principal humanitarian mechanism for facilitating the essential dialogue and interaction between civilian and military actors in emergency humanitarian assistance operations. Commonly agreed standards will therefore seek to enhance the predictability, effectiveness, efficiency and coherence of employing military assets, and maintain a clear distinction between the roles and responsibilities of both humanitarian and military actors. Similarly, the proposed Standards will aim to serve as a valuable addition to existing emergency response frameworks. The development process is being facilitated by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA), Civil-Military Coordination Section (CMCS), as Secretariat to the Consultative Group on Humanitarian Civil- Military Coordination, and is supported by an established Drafting Committee and Advisory Group comprising subject matter experts to assist in the development and provide oversight and guidance. Members of the Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific have joined both the Drafting Committee and the Advisory Group. At present, the quality and effectiveness benchmark for organizations and individuals involved in humanitarian response is the Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability (CHS). The nine commitments of the CHS describe the essential elements of principled, accountable and high-quality humanitarian action. The Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Standards will be designed to complement the CHS. The Standards will account for the various levels of engagement commonly found in humanitarian civil-military coordination within both natural disaster and complex emergency settings: Measure Shared Results for Collective Accountability Learning & Innovation Exit Strategy Planning Redeployment & Handover TRANSITION MONITORING & EVALUATION Strategic/International Level. Focus on decision-making, preparedness and training, and support policy and decision makers in making well informed decisions about the appropriateness, required capabilities, types and numbers of military assets to be deployed. Operational/National Level. Focus on the operational employment of military assets, including information sharing, task division and planning. The goal of this tier is to enhance the operational coordination of military assets between the affected state, deployed or deploying FMA, and the humanitarian response community. HUMANITARIAN CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION STANDARDS EMPLOYMENT PREPAREDNESS Connectivity & Coordination Information Sharing & Placing Needs at the Centre Appropriate Use & Distinction Capacity & Capability Development Coordinated Planning & Predictability Guidance, Policy & Doctrine DEPLOYMENT Consultation & Decision Making Comparative Advantage & Complementarity Tactical/Sub-National Level. Focus on individual or unit skills, training, preparedness and actions in response operations, including liaison, information sharing, task division and planning, and the use of commonly agreed tools, services, capabilities and capacities

10 IN FOCUS: THE PACIFIC REGION FIJI: Foreign Military Assets (FMA) (as of 13 March 2016) 284 disasters between million people affected 9,811 reported fatalities US$3.2 billion in damage NEW ZEALAND RNZAF C-130 Transport Aircraft HMNZS Canterbury - Royal New Zealand Navy amphibious support naval vessel with 2 x NH-90 helicopters and 1 x Seasprite Helicopter RNZAF P3 Orion Aircraft RNZAF B200 Kingair Fixed Wing Aircraft HMNZS Wellington - Royal New Zealand Navy offshore patrol naval vessel TONGA VOEA Pangai Pacific Class Patrol Boat VOEA Late - LCM-8 - Logistics Barge AUSTRALIA FRANCE RAAF C-17 Globemaster Transport Aircraft RAAF C-130 Transport Aircraft Australian Army MRH-90 helicopters 2 x CASA C-212 aircraft Tropical Cyclone Evan (2012) Tropical Cyclone Pam (2015) Tropical Cyclone Winston (2016) HMAS Canberra - Royal Australian Navy amphibious assault ship with 3 x MRH-90 helicopters. INDIA Indian Air Force C-17 Globemaster Transport Aircraft Patrol Boat La Moquese The Pacific is one of the most disaster-prone regions in the world. Between 1950 and 2013, 284 major disasters occurred in the Pacific caused mainly by severe storms, including tropical cyclones, affecting over 9 million people with 9,811 reported fatalities and US$3.2 billion in damage. In addition, the incremental impacts of small and medium-sized hazards such as droughts and floods are equivalent to, or may exceed, those of single large-scale disasters, as they tend to be more frequent and widespread. In the Pacific region, significant progress has been made by Member States in developing national disaster preparedness and response capacity. National authorities have increasingly assumed a central role in leading emergency preparedness and response activities, with regional and international humanitarian actors playing a supportive function only when national authorities have been overwhelmed and either welcome, accept or seek international support. At the same time, the configuration of the Pacific, characterized by small islands spread over vast water, makes the deployment of military and civil defense assets (MCDA) one of the most viable options for supporting the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance during emergencies. A number of international agreements and partnerships, including the FRANZ arrangement between France, Australia and New Zealand, have been enacted in recent years to provide the additional support that Pacific countries might need for large-scale disaster response efforts. Lessons learned from disaster response operations over the past four years (TC Evan (2012), TC Pam (2015) and TC Winston (2016)) have highlighted the role that the military would play in any large-scale disaster response in the region, and confirmed that coordination and coherence in the civilmilitary coordination efforts would be essential to respond to requests coming from national authorities. For example, in the case of TC Winston, given the specific character of missions and mandates of actors involved in the response operation, the civil-military coordination strategy and liaison approach put in place were geared towards establishing and sustaining the essential dialogue throughout the response operations. In addition, a number of briefings and information sharing sessions were held with the senior leadership of national as well as foreign military forces present on the ground. This further contributed to building relationships anchored on mutual respect and trust of each individual roles and responsibilities. A number of RCG members have highlighted the need for the Pacific to ensure follow up to the discussions that are taking place within the RCG through a dedicated working group. This would allow for a greater number of Pacific island and territories to be involved in the RCG and would contribute to further strengthening the civil-military coordination dialogue and engagement in the unique context of the Pacific. Creation date: 13 March 2016 Glide number: TC FJI Sources: OCHA, Logistics Cluster Feedback: cmcoordfiji@gmail.com VANUATU: Foreign Military Deployed Assets (as of 29 March 2015) AUSTRALIA HMAS Tobruk (landing ship heavy) containing MRH-90 helicopter and engineers to assist with reconstruction. Also has two landing craft which will be utilised to deliver relief to the southern island. 2 x Kingair B350 aircraft 3 x Blackhawk helicopters NEW ZEALAND HMNZS Canterbury (multi-role vessel) containing supplies for food and shelter clusters. Arriving on Wednesday 25 March On board are NZDF personnel, water containers and water tanks, chainsaws, jerry cans, generators, electrical supplies, plumbing materials, building supplies. FIJI 35 x military personnel and 15 x medical personnel. 1 x C130 aircraft SOLOMON ISLANDS Creation date: 29 Mar 2015 Data Source: UNDAC Feedback: ochapacific@un.org x C17 aircraft 1 x C130H aircraft 1 x Kingair B200 aircraft 2 x Seasprite helicopters Royal Solomon Islands Police Force, Pacific Class Patrol Boat Auki. FRANCE French Frigate Vendémiaire containing 2 x helicopters (1 x Puma, 1 x Alouette). 1 x Patrol Boat La Glorieuse 2 x CASA aircraft operating between Port Vila, Tanna and Noumea. UNITED KINGDOM 1 x C17 aircraft which arrived via Amberlie in Queensland on 15/03/ hours authorised. Australian DFAT to authorise the use of these hours. Facilitating transport to Port Vilafrom Brisbane with communications equipment for ADF personnel. TONGA Pacific Class Patrol Boat, VOEA Neiafu. SUPPORT BY VANUATU Military Police Patrol Boat Turoroe 16 17

11 RAPID RESPONSE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC KIN MPA / APA 2 3 NEEDS ANALYSIS RESPONSE CAPACITY ANALYSIS Disaster Impact Model X Needs Analysis = Total Requirements Risk Analysis 1 DISASTER IMPACT MODEL RESPONSE Needs Assessment and Analysis Strategic Planning 4 PLANNING & ADVOCACY Contingency Planning Capacity Assessment Response Modalities Coordination Structure + + = Response Capacity Analysis Response Plan + Resource Mobilization+ Advocacy Strategy Planning and Advocacy Background 18 PREPAREDNESS The Asia-Pacific region is home to 40 per cent of all natural disasters and 84 per cent of people affected by natural disasters worldwide. Thus, responding to sudden- and slowonset natural disasters, such as typhoons, floods, droughts, earthquakes and tsunamis, is a regular requirement for communities, governments and humanitarian partners. Over the past decade, national governments in the region have invested significant resources to increase their capacity and leadership for response, with 19 countries passing national legislation on disaster management and 14 governments establishing national disaster management authorities. Similarly, regional groupings such as ASEAN and SAARC are expanding their capacity to deliver more effective regional responses. MONITORING & TESTING Since the introduction of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Transformative Agenda s normative planning tools, including the Humanitarian Programme Cycle (HPC) and the associated Emergency Response Preparedness (ERP) guidance, the Asia-Pacific region has experienced a number of major disasters. These include Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines (2013), Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu (2015), the Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal (2015) and Cyclone Winston in Fiji (2016). Based on these experiences, OCHA s Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP) is adapting global normative guidance to the regional context and the role that the international community is expected to play during disaster responses there. Current thinking covers the following key elements of regional preparedness and response: Places national response front and centre, and articulates the role the international humanitarian community plays to augment Government preparedness and response; Creates linkages between disaster preparedness and response, and the resilience and development agendas by generating synergy with existing initiatives that Governments have committed to such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction; Places affected people at the centre of disaster risk reduction and response planning, with the aim of reducing the lead time required to reach them in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster; Effectively uses country-specific risk profiles and vulnerability data to inform more context specific and appropriate response in support of national efforts. Coupled with a robust analysis of the immediate needs that will be required to be supported after a disaster and supported by a strong focus on community engagement, this will allow for the immediate delivery of assistance even while assessments are ongoing; Adapts global guidance to operational planning applicable to both high risk and medium/low risk countries while transcending the humanitarian and development divide, in line with WHS outcome on a new way of workings. This work should reflect how systematic and comprehensive preparedness can link sequential stages of a response, such as: Disaster Impact Model; Needs Analysis; Response Capacity Analysis; and Planning and Advocacy. These four stages are articulated as an operational interpretation of the humanitarian programme cycle for the region and would be complemented by an integrated monitoring and testing process. In particular, the Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific can contribute to each of the outlined stages by: a) identifying what unique assets/ resources could be mobilized by operational partners (militaries, police and private sector) to ensure the rapid delivery against identified key needs; b) facilitating the implementation of coordinated operational planning between civilian and military actors and reaching agreement on how best to address identified gaps in response; c ) contributing to the development of a humanitarian coordination architecture that is flexible, tailored to the specific context of each country and inclusive of the role of operational partners (militaries, police and private sector). 19

12 Regional Consultative Group I Second Session I Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination Bangkok Thailand, October 2016 UN-CMCOORD GENERIC INTERNATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATION MODEL RCG PUBLICATION FIVE PRIORITY COUNTRIES CHINA INDONESIA INDIA Rajshahi Ga nges INDIA The first session of the RCG took place in 2015 in Thailand and discussions focused on enhancing operational response planning between civilian and military actors for major disasters in the five priority countries. A key recommendation that emerged from this RCG first session was to enhance predictability and develop a common understanding of the civil-military coordination mechanisms and their respective functions during a response. This publication aims to address this recommendation by outlining the civil-military coordination mechanisms in the five priority countries and how these are activated during disaster response efforts in line with regional frameworks and guidance. This publication provides the context for humanitarian civil-military coordination in Asia at the regional level and considers existing national guidance and structures for civil-military coordination in disaster response, linkages to global and regional guidance and some of the challenges that exist in providing humanitarian assistance and protection to disaster-affected populations. This publication has been produced as a collaboration between the Humanitarian Advisory Group (HAG) and other key civil-military players in the Asia-Pacific region, namely the Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC) and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA), Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP). 20 PHILIPPINES VIET NAM CAMBODIA Hakha PAPUA NEW GUINEA Manado Dhaka Padang BANGLADESH Sittwe Bay of Bengal Palembang Khulna Jakarta Bandung Barisal Semarang Surabaya Yogyakarta Chittagong I N D I AN O C EAN MYANMAR Bay of Bengal 50 km Magway Naypyitaw Yangon Pathein CHINA Mandalay Sagaing Taunggyi Loikaw VIET NAM LAO PDR Pa-an Mawlamyine TIMOR-LESTE THAILAND Dawei Andaman Sea AUSTRALIA 150 km 250 km Map Sources: ESRI, UNCS. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Map created in Sep Humanitarian-Military Operational Coordination Concept (HuMOCC) CAMBODIA Gulf of Thailand Map Sources: UNCS, ESRI. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Map created in Sep MILITARY ACTORS PHILIPPINES NEPAL CHINA Dipayal Brahmaputra Manila Hetauda Samar Panay Kathmandu Palawan Dhankuta Birgunj INDIA Philippine Sea Mindoro Pokhara Butwal Ganges Janakpur Map Sources: UNCS, ESRI. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Map created in Sep MALAYSIA 150 km Leyte Negros Sulu Sea Biratnagar 50 km Assisting International Military Luzon South China Sea Birendranagar Nepalgunj Myitkyina PAC I FI C O C EAN MALAYSIA Medan INDIA Salween THAILAND Saidpur Map Sources: UNCS, ESRI, Natural Earth. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Map created in Sep This publication is an initiative of the Regional Consultative Group (RCG) on Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination for Asia and the Pacific. Although humanitarian civil-military coordination is a significant feature of disaster response in both Asia and the Pacific region, this first publication will focus on Asia and five priority countries in this region that are highly vulnerable to large-scale natural disasters: Bangladesh, Nepal, Indonesia, Myanmar and the Philippines. MYANMAR NEPAL Irraw ad dy BANGLADESH Jamuna It is increasingly recognised that humanitarian civil-military coordination in disaster relief is critical to ensuring effective humanitarian response to crises. The scale and frequency of natural disasters in Asia and numbers of international military deployments to disaster response operations makes this a growing concern. Although it must be highlighted that the first responders to any disasters are affected populations themselves, in Asia militaries also play a central role. UN Agencies, Funds & Programmes Cebu Mindanao Davao Celebes Sea INDONESIA Map Sources: UNCS, ESRI, Gov t. of USA. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Map created in Sep Assisting International Military International Responders Multinational Coordination Center MNCC Assisting International Military Liaison Officer Non Governmental Organizations NGOs National Disaster Management Office NDMO Assisting International Military Assisting International Military Liaison Officer Humanitarian Country Team / OCHA UN Agencies, Funds & Programmes Non Governmental Organizations NGOs Assisting International Military International Responders Humanitarian-Military Operational Coordination Concept (HuMOCC) HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY 21

13 WHAT IS HUMANITARIAN CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION? When an emergency or natural disaster creates humanitarian needs, many countries will deploy their militaries or civil defence assets to respond. Bilateral support to disaster-affected States can also be provided through international deployment of foreign military actors and assets. When local and international humanitarian organizations are also involved in that response, it is essential that they can operate in the same space without detriment to the civilian character of humanitarian assistance. It is for this reason that United Nations Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination (UNCMCoord) facilitates dialogue and interaction between civilian and military actors - essential for protecting and promoting humanitarian principles, avoiding competition, minimizing inconsistency and, when appropriate, pursuing common goals. THE CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE The Center For Excellence In Disaster Management And Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM) exists to save lives and alleviate human suffering by connecting people, improving coordination and building capability. UN-CMCoord is a framework that enhances a broad understanding of humanitarian action, and guides political and military actors on how best to support that action. It helps to develop context specific guidance based on internationally agreed guidelines, and it establishes humanitarian civil-military coordination structures, ensuring staff members are trained to make that coordination work. UNCMCoord is particularly essential in complex emergencies and high-risk environments in order to facilitate humanitarian access, the protection of civilians and the security of humanitarian aid workers. What is OCHA s role? Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination is one of OCHA s core functions. In humanitarian operations with a military presence, OCHA leads the establishment and management of interaction with military actors. This relationship will change depending on the type of emergency and the roles and responsibilities of the military. OCHA supports humanitarian and military actors through training and advocacy on the guidelines that govern the use of foreign military and civil defence assets and humanitarian civil-military interaction. OCHA also seeks to establish a predictable approach to the use of these assets by considering their use during preparedness and contingency-planning activities. Recognizing that military capacities in Asia-Pacific countries are often the first capabilities offered and make a valuable contribution in responding to regional natural disaster emergencies, OCHA s Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (OCHA ROAP) supports relevant country and regional UN- CMCoord activities. This includes facilitation and support for 22 the development of regional and context-specific guidance. A striking example of policy development in UN-CMCoord at regional level is represented by the Asia Pacific Regional Guidelines for the Use of Foreign Military Assets in Natural Disaster Response Operations (APC-MADRO). The key purpose of these guidelines is to assist the planning of foreign military assistance in support of disaster response operations in the Asia-Pacific region. The guidelines were endorsed in 2010 and represent a key tool for OCHA ROAP to advocate for the recognition of a single set of regional humanitarian civil-military guidance. In addition to policy development, OCHA ROAP plays a key role in the organization and delivery of a regional training programme that equips humanitarian and military actors with the skills and knowledge necessary to communicate and, where appropriate, effectively interact with each other. When an emergency occurs in Asia and the Pacific, OCHA ROAP can deploy dedicated UN-CMCoord Officers than can advise the humanitarian leadership as well as the international community on humanitarian needs related to deploying foreign military assets in support of relief operations or humanitarian assistance. CFE-DM was founded due to a worldwide need based on lessons learned in complex humanitarian emergencies that took place in the Balkans, the African Great Lakes region, Somalia and the Middle East from the beginning to mid-1980s. The need was for integrated education, training, certification, operational research, and inter-agency cooperation and coordination among many agencies and organizations, both civilian and military, to provide relief and regional stability. Our Mission: The Center for Excellence advises U.S. Pacific Command leaders; enables focused engagements, education and training; and increases knowledge of best practices and information to enhance U.S. and international civil-military preparedness for disaster management and humanitarian assistance. Our Goals: Work toward optimal civil-military relations in foreign DMHA activities, by providing education, training, information and recommendations on international guidelines. Expand current programs in a sustainable manner to service all of the tenets in the Center s founding legislation from natural disasters to man-made CBRNE related events. Facilitate unity of effort and cohesion in planning and capacity building coordination across USPACOM and component headquarters staff by connecting DMHA providers and practitioners to ensure a ready and resilient Asia-Pacific region. Be an internationally recognized focal point for DMHA information repositories, best practices, training and educational expertise; incorporate DMHA best practices into all education and training programs. Provide DMHA subject matter expertise to HQ USPACOM for deliberate and crisis action planning and joint/inter-agency/ multinational exercise design. Congressionally Mandated: The U.S. Congress established the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance in Title 10, Section 182 in Key Roles: As a direct reporting unit to U.S. Pacific Command, the Asia- Pacific region is our priority of effort: Serve as USPACOM coordinating authority for DMHA events with foreign partners. Provide HADR training and education to U.S. military staff and commands. Support regional organizations in developing and executing DMHA programs that improve member countries response capability and regional cooperation. Conduct applied research and assessment. Develop and maintain Disaster Management Reference Handbooks. Provide an archive of lessons from the past disasters to build future plans and training curricula in the Virtual Information Resource Center. Methods: Training and Education. Applied Research and Information Sharing. Regional Civilian-Military Coordination. 23