EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066-February19,1942

Transcription

1 EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066-February19,1942 WHEREAS the successful prosecution of tbe war required nery possible Prrotection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense materials, national-defense premises, and national-defense utilities, as defined: NOW, THEREFORE, by yirtue of the authority 'Vested in me as Preside I of tbe United States, and Commander in Chief of tbe Army and Nny, I bereby autborlze and direct tbe Secretary of War, and tbe Military commanders whom be may from time t~ time designate, whenner he or any designated Commander deems such action necessar"li or desirable, to prescribe militjiry areas in such places and of such extent as he or the ap~ropriate Military Commander may determine, from wbicb any or sll persons may be excluded, and with respect to wbicb, tbe rigbt of any persons to enter, remain in, or lea've s all be subject to whbtenr restrictions tbe Secretary of War or the appropriate Military. ommander may of any such area who are excluded therefrom, sucb transportation, food, heller, and otber accommodations as may be necessary, in the judgement of the Secretary 0 War, of the said Military Commander, and until other arrangements are made, to accompj" h the purpose of tbis order. Tbe designation of military areas in all}, region or localit shall supersede designations of probibited and restricted areas by tbe Attorney G~neraJ uoder the proclamations of December 7 and 8, 1941, and sball supersede the r~ponsibility and authority of tbe Attorney General under tbe said Prodamations in respect of such probibited liod restricted areas. I benby further authorize!lnd direct the Secretary of War and tihe said MiJitary Commanders to take sucb otber steps as be or the appropriate Military ~ommander may deem adyisable to enforce compliance witb tbe restrictions applicable to e ch Military area bereinabon autborized to be designated, including the use of Federal oops and other Federal Agencies, witb autbority to accept assistance of state and local agencies. I bereby furtber authorize and direct all Executive commanders in --~ arrying out this Executin?rder, including the furnishing of medicaj aid, hospitalizatio~, food, clothing, tra~orta(jon, use of laod, sbelter, and other supplies, equipment, ulili~es, facilities, lind senlces. I This order shall nol be construed lis modifying or limiting in any way tbe S!uthority heretofore granted under Executive Order 8972, dated December 12, 1941, Dor shall it be construed as limiting or modifying tbe duty and responsibility of the FideraJ Bureau of In'Vestiga~~n, with respect to tbe investigation of alleged acts of sllbotag. or tbe duty and responsibility of the Attorney General and tbe Department of J stice under tbe Proclamations of December 7, and 8, 1941, prescribing regulations for the conduct and control of alien enemeies, except as such duty and responsibility is superseded by the designation of military areas hereunder.. I February 19, f'i1hj!din D. Roosevelt

2 Executive Order 9066: The President AuthQrizes Japanese Relocation In an atmosphere of world War II hysteria, President Rooseve lt, encouraged by offici a ls at all levels of the federa+ I gove rnment, authorized the internment of tens of thousands of Amer i can citizens of Japa nese ancestry and resident aliens from Japan. Roosevelt's Executive Orde r 9066, dated Fe bruary 19, 194 2, gave the military broad powers t o ban any citizen from a' fifty- to sixty-mile-wide coastal area stretching from Washin ~ ton sta t e to California and extending inland into southern ArizGQc. The order also authorized transporting these citizens to assembly centers hastily set up and gove rned by the military in Ca lifornia, Arizona, Washington state, and Oregon. Although it is not well k nown, the s a me executive orde r ( a nd other war-time orders and restrictions) were also applied to smalle r numbers?f residents o f the United States who were of Italian or German ~ e scent. For e xample, 3,200 re s ident aliens of Italian background were arre sted and more than 300 of them were interned. A~out 11, 0 00 German resident s-inc luding some naturalize d c itize nf-wece arrested and more than 5000 we re interned. Yet w h l l~ the s e individuals (and others from those groups) suffered gri e v ou s violations o f their civil libertie s, the Vlar-time meas u r e s appli e d t o Japanese Ame ricans were worse and more s 'veepii': g I uprooting entire c o mmunitie s and targeting citi zens as '.\'el l a s resident aliens. Ex e c utive Order No The President Executive Orde r Authori z ing the Sec re ta r y of War to Prescribe Mi l ~~ l ;~ ' Wh e re a s the successful prosecution of the war r e qui ~e s 2 VE ~~ ' possible protection against espio nage and agai:lst. s.:\ O,,;'- "' c'" t o national-defe nse material, national-defense premis ~ : national-de fense utilities as defined in Sectio n ~ 20, , 40 Stat. 533, as amended by the Ac t of 1, ~,-, 1 940, 54 Stat , and the Act of Augu s t 2 1, 1 9,] 1 J.;,,;-, (U.S. C., Title 50, Sec. 104); NOlll, therefore, by virtue of t he authority 'Jeste d i: ~ To: '! ' P r esident of the Unite d Sta tes, and Co mmande r in C! i-<:, [ 0(' '_. i k Army and Navy, I h e ::- e by au thori z e and direct the S '2(~::,- ~ t:.:' :.-. ' c: : {-Ja r, and the [v!ilitary Co mman de rs ',,,hom he ma y from l ' riip 1' ;... d es i gnate, "Jhene ver he or a ny des i gna t e d Co mma ndet:' t::,~rr= ; c' I : ~:~ actio :! necessa r y or de il a bl e, t o presc r ibe m ' J i t ;'L.v C:. '-:C,::: i:: s uc h 9 1aces a nd o t ;::; u h ex t e nt a s he o r the a ppro[h.i,~ ; ~c. '''1- ', :',)rnnl,-:! n ri e r ma. y de e r :r> i.n e, : -om \'<lhic h "lny or all r c; 'C; I;... i' "

3 excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriatb Military Commander may impose in his discretion. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to provide for residents of any s~ch area who are excluded therefrom, such transportation, food, shelter, and other accommodations as may be necessary, in the judgment of the Secretary of War or the said Military Commander, an~ until other arrangements are made, to accomplish the purpose of i this order. The designation of military areas in any region or! ocality shall supersede designations of prohibited and restricted! areas by the Attorney General under the Proclamations of December 7 and 8, 1941, and shall supersede the responsibility and au ~ hority of the Attorney General under the said Proclamations in respect of such prohibited and restricted areas. I hereby further authorize and direct the Secretaryl of War and the said t-lilitary Commanders to take such other steps as he or the appropriate Military Commander may deem advisab~e to enforce compliance with the restrictions applicable to each! Military area hereinabove authorized to be designated, including the use of Federal troops and other Federal Agencies, with aut~ority to accept assistance of state and local agencies. I hereby further authorize and direct all Executive l Depcrtrne!lts, independent establishments and other Federal Agenci~s/to assist the Secretary of War or the said t-lilitary Commander$ in ca:crying out this Executive Order, including the furnishing pf medical aid, hospitalization, food, clothing, transportatioh, use ot land, shelter, and other supplies, equipment, utili t ies, facilities, and services. This order shall not be construed as modifying or l ~ mitin~ ~n any way the authority heretofore granted under Executi v Order No. 8972, dated December 12, 1941, nor shall it be construed a~ limiting or modifying the duty and responsibility ot t~.e F,2 c "': ral Bureau of Investigation, with respect to the inves t igatio~ o f alleged acts of sabotage or the duty and responsibi ~ ity of the Attorney General and the Department of Justice unde~ th~ Proclamations of December 7 and 8,1941, prescribins ~- ' ; "~:'::: for the conduct and control of alien enemies, except~ -;;, ',. ') '-~';-j and responsibility is superseded by the designationl ( )J : ~-,l "-,.~. areas hereunder. Franklin D. Roosevelt The White House, February 19, [F.R. Doc ; Filed, February 21, 1942; 12:5 1 O.lL j Source: Executive Order NO. 9066, February 19,

4 E.O.9066 Directions: Use the provided documents and you prior knowledge to answer the following questions. Cite evidence to support your answers. What is the purpose of E.O.9066? Who isthe intended audience? Why was this E.O. given? Which part of the United States was most affected? Based on the documents, why was this part of the U.S. targeted? How did the affected groups respond to E.O. 9066? I

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