Clinical Impact of Point-of-Care vs Laboratory Measurement of Anticoagulation
|
|
- Preston Hines
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Coagulation and Transfusion Medicine / CLINICAL IMPACT OF POC VS LABORATORY INR Clinical Impact of Point-of-Care vs Laboratory Measurement of Anticoagulation Rubina Sunderji, PharmD, FCSHP, 1,7 Kenneth Gin, MD, FRCPC, 3,8,9 Karen Shalansky, PharmD, FCSHP, 2,7 Cedric Carter, MB, FRCPC, 4,10 Keith Chambers, MD, 5 Cheryl Davies, RN, 5 Linda Schwartz, RN, 11 and Anthony Fung, MB, FRCPC 6,9 Key Words: Point-of-care; Self-testing; International normalized ratio; Self-management; Warfarin; Anticoagulation Abstract Patients using anticoagulation point-of-care (POC) monitors are advised to periodically test these systems against laboratory methods to monitor performance. The international normalized ratio (INR), however, can vary between test systems owing to different instrumentreagent combinations. In a randomized study evaluating warfarin self-management, we compared INR measured by patients on a POC monitor (ProTime, International Technidyne Corporation, Edison, NJ) with those obtained at a hospital laboratory within 1 hour. Ninety-one paired INR determinations from 55 patients met inclusion criteria. Clinical agreement in which POC and laboratory INR were within or outside the target INR range occurred in 56 (62%) of 91 cases (κ = 0.35). The mean (SD) difference between POC and laboratory INR was 0.44 (0.61). Six pairs differed by 1 or more INR units, 3 at study initiation resulting in POC monitor replacement. The accuracy of INR selftesting with ProTime was acceptable. The small failure rate of INR agreement might be clinically important, suggesting the need for external quality control systems. Current models of anticoagulation management include laboratory testing of the international normalized ratio (INR) coupled with warfarin dosage adjustment by a physician or through an anticoagulation clinic. Self-management of warfarin by the patient is an evolving model whereby trained patients can test their INR using point-of-care (POC) systems and adjust their warfarin dosages. The POC systems offer an alternative simplified method to traditional laboratory testing. The INR is determined from whole blood obtained by finger puncture. A key feature of these POC systems is the ability to produce an INR result within minutes to enable timely drug dosage adjustment and prompt attention to critical values. The ability to self-test the INR at home increases patient convenience and is particularly useful for those without ready access to laboratories or who experience difficulties with venous blood collection. Owing to their portability, POC systems are attractive for patients who frequently travel away from their home laboratory. Clinical trials that have compared self-management of warfarin with conventional methods have demonstrated improved anticoagulation control and enhanced patient satisfaction with the self-management strategy. 1-4 The success of self-testing depends on the accuracy and reliability of POC systems. Although these devices have internal quality control systems to ensure proper functioning of the instrument and reagent systems, formal external quality control systems are lacking. As a result, periodic checking of the POC INR concurrently at a laboratory is advised by the British Society of Haematology Task Force for Haemostasis and Thrombosis. 5 It is important to recognize, however, that variations in INR results can occur owing to differences in reagent-equipment combinations. 6 Disagreement between POC and standard laboratory testing could impose confusion 184 Am J Clin Pathol 2005;123: Downloaded 184 from
2 Coagulation and Transfusion Medicine / ORIGINAL ARTICLE in warfarin dosage decision making and anxiety for patients and health care providers. In addition, inappropriate therapeutic decisions could result in adverse outcomes owing to the narrow therapeutic range of warfarin. Recently, POC systems have been approved for patient use in Canada, making self-management of warfarin feasible. 7 We conducted a randomized single-center trial to compare anticoagulation control by self-management using the ProTime Microcoagulation System (International Technidyne Corporation, Edison, NJ) with the traditional physician method. 8 As part of our study protocol, patients in the selfmanagement arm tested their INR with this monitor and were required to have concurrent INR determinations at our hospital laboratory to assess their technique and the performance of the monitor. This is a report of our experience with INR agreement between the ProTime and the hospital laboratory and its impact on therapeutic decision making for patients enrolled in the self-management arm of the main study. The information also will determine the need for a quality assurance program for users of the POC system. Materials and Methods Patients Patients 18 years or older were recruited by physicians and clinical pharmacists in the main, randomized, open-label, 8-month study. 8 Patients had to be receiving warfarin for at least 1 month before enrollment with planned anticoagulation for at least 1 year to a target INR of 2.0 to 3.0 or 2.5 to 3.5. Exclusion criteria were known hypercoagulable disorder, mental incompetence, language barrier, or inability to attend training sessions. Study Design The study was approved by the University of British Columbia Clinical Research Ethics Board (Vancouver), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. By using a computer-generated randomization code, eligible patients were randomized in varied blocks of 10 to warfarin selfmanagement or to usual care by their primary care physician. Patients randomized to the self-management arm received training lasting 3 to 5 hours divided in at least 2 separate visits. On the first visit, they were taught how to use the ProTime monitor and shown an instructional video. The technical features of the ProTime system have been described. 9 In brief, patients incise the finger and collect a few drops of capillary blood using the Tenderlett Plus blood collection device (International Technidyne Corporation). The collected blood is analyzed in triplicate simultaneously with 2 levels of controls. The international sensitivity index of the thromboplastin reagent contained in the disposable cuvettes is 1.0. The ProTime instrument and reagent strip are precalibrated, and no additional calibration is required. The instrument has multiple built-in controls to ensure proper instrument function, reagent integrity, and user technique. The monitor reports numeric results for INR values of 0.8 to 10.0, and an error message is displayed for INR results exceeding On the first and last days of the 8-month study period, patients were required to determine their INR with the ProTime monitor and concurrently at our hospital laboratory within 1 hour to verify concordance. Venous samples were analyzed at the laboratory with the BCS Coagulometer (Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany). The thromboplastin reagent (Dade Innovin, Dade Behring) used to measure the prothrombin time has an instrument-specific international sensitivity index of The laboratory performs prothrombin time assays using thromboplastin standardized against a World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard. Paired INR measurements that differed by 1 unit or greater were repeated, if possible, and the ProTime monitor was replaced if the difference in INR persisted or if repeated testing was not done. Data Analysis Clinical agreement between the ProTime and laboratory INR values was defined as both INR measurements falling within or outside the target INR range and was determined using the κ statistic. These cutoffs were selected such that therapeutic decision making would be unaffected. Numeric agreement of the ProTime and laboratory INR values was evaluated using correlation coefficient analysis and the mean difference for all paired INR determinations. A mean difference of 0.5 INR units or less was used to establish concordance. 5,9 Bias was evaluated graphically by plotting the difference of ProTime and laboratory INR against laboratory INR values. Results There were 114 expected paired INR values from 57 patients. Two patients had their INR measurements done at a community laboratory and were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 110 expected paired INR values (55 patients), 2 initial INR measurements were done at a community laboratory and 17 final INR values were not available owing to early study withdrawal (4 patients) or lack of hospital INR measurement (13 patients), leaving 91 evaluable paired INR measurements. The baseline demographics of the 55 patients are summarized in Table 1. Clinical agreement in which both the POC and laboratory INR values fell within or outside the patients therapeutic range occurred in 56 (62%) of 91 cases (κ = 0.35, fair strength of agreement). When INR mismatch occurred, the ProTime Downloaded from Am J Clin Pathol 2005;123:
3 Sunderji et al / CLINICAL IMPACT OF POC VS LABORATORY INR Table 1 Demographics of 55 Self-Management Patients * Characteristic Value Male 39 (71) Mean age (range), y 55.8 (20-79) Indication for warfarin Mechanical valve 37 (67) Atrial fibrillation 14 (25) Venous thromboembolism 2 (4) Other 2 (4) Target INR range INR (69) INR (31) INR, international normalized ratio. * Data are given as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. ProTime INR Lab INR Figure 1 Correlation of ProTime and laboratory international normalized ratio (INR) values. Equation for the regression is y = 0.62x For proprietary information, see the text. INR was in target range in 22 (63%) of 35 cases, whereas the laboratory INR was subtherapeutic. Of the 35 paired INR values that failed to meet clinical agreement criteria, 19 (54%) were within 0.5 INR units of each other. In only 1 case was there contradiction in INR results such that the POC INR was above and the laboratory INR was below the therapeutic range. The correlation coefficient for the ProTime vs the laboratory INR was 0.62 Figure 1. The mean (SD) difference in INR between POC and laboratory measurements was 0.44 (0.61). Overall, 69 (76%) of 91 paired INR values were within 0.5 INR units of each other, and 78 (86%) of 91 were within 0.7 INR units. Of all 98 paired INR measurements obtained from hospital and community laboratories, 5 pairs differed by 1 or more INR units, 3 at study initiation resulting in replacement of the POC monitor and 2 at study end. A fourth POC monitor was replaced partway through the study when a patient observed unexpectedly high INR results by the ProTime on 2 separate occasions. Repeated INR testing at the patient s community laboratory after several hours confirmed that the earlier ProTime INR was higher by 1 unit or more on both occasions. Of the 4 POC monitors that were replaced, 3 were returned to the manufacturer for repair, recalibration, or both. The fourth instrument demonstrated acceptable concordance on repeated testing and was retained for future use. The remaining 2 POC monitors that showed disagreement at study end subsequently showed acceptable agreement and were not returned to the manufacturer. A description of all paired INR values that differed by 1 or more units and the course of management is given in Table 2. The distribution of the absolute differences between ProTime and laboratory INR values in relation to the laboratory Table 2 Description of Paired INR Values Differing by One or More Units Timing of INR/Paired Absolute INR Values Difference Repeated INR * Comments Study initiation 7.25 (POC); 2.28 (lab) 4.97 ND POC monitor replaced 4.09 (POC); 3.09 (lab) (POC); 3.20 (lab) POC monitor replaced per patient preference 2.73 (POC); 4.20 (lab) (POC); 5.00 (lab) Repeated INR third time with POC and hospital lab next day were 2.72 and 2.50, respectively; POC monitor replaced Study end 3.13 (POC); 2.08 (lab) 1.05 ND Patient resumed usual care by family physician and lab INR testing 2.61 (POC); 5.68 (lab) (POC); 1.89 (lab) Erroneous lab INR of 5.68 owing to inadequate blood sample During study 6.03 (POC) (first episode) 3.38 (POC); 2.50 (lab) Both episodes reported by same patient; all repeated INR measured 5.53 (POC) (second episode) 3.75 (POC); 3.60 (lab) on same day; POC monitor replaced after second episode of INR mismatch INR, international normalized ratio; lab, laboratory; ND, not done; POC, point-of-care. * Paired INR tests were repeated the next day except in the last case. INR performed at a community lab. Unexpectedly high routine INR result partway through study. 186 Am J Clin Pathol 2005;123: Downloaded 186 from
4 Coagulation and Transfusion Medicine / ORIGINAL ARTICLE INR value is shown in Figure 2. The values seem to be centered near the horizontal line of agreement between POC and laboratory INR values, although the ProTime INR results more often were higher than laboratory values. Discussion Our results show that there is acceptable agreement between INR values obtained by patients using the ProTime monitor and the INR measurement repeated within 1 hour at our hospital laboratory. We observed some intrinsic noise in the system, emphasizing the need for a quality assurance program for optimal use of POC systems. Of 91 paired INR measurements, 56 (62%) were in agreement such that the therapeutic decision of warfarin dosage adjustment was unaffected by the test system used to measure the INR. Although we did not observe perfect clinical agreement, the overall differences in INR between paired values were small and within accepted clinical decision limits. 5,10,11 This is indicated by 76% (69/91) and 86% (78/91) of paired values measuring within 0.5 and 0.7 INR units of each other, respectively. Our results compare favorably with those of others who have evaluated the accuracy of INR self-testing In one study, blood was obtained by finger prick from 212 patients by health care professionals for analysis using the ProTime and compared with venous blood tested at the local laboratory. 12 Similar to our results, clinical agreement was observed in 66% of cases. In a multicenter study of hospital-based anticoagulation centers, 82 trained patients self-tested their INRs using ProTime and had repeated INR measurements within 3 hours at a central reference laboratory. 11 Of a total of 431 specimens, 66% of self-tested INR values matched the reference laboratory ProTime-Lab INR Lab INR Figure 2 Difference between ProTime and laboratory international normalized ratio (INR) vs laboratory INR. The horizontal line at zero represents perfect agreement between the 2 test systems. For proprietary information, see the text. result. These authors also demonstrated that differences between paired INR values were small, with a systematic error of approximately 0.2 INR for an INR range of 2.0 to 5.0. Thus, although achievement of higher rates of clinical agreement is desirable, the overall small differences in INR from the different test systems suggest a minimal clinical impact of INR mismatch on anticoagulation therapy. Of note, there were no complications of major bleeding or thrombosis in the selfmanagement arm of our study. The accuracy of INR values tested from identical samples across test systems has been challenged owing to differences in reagent-equipment combinations. 6,14 Kaatz et al 6 compared INR determinations using 2 POC monitors (not ProTime) and 4 clinical laboratories against a criterion WHO standard. The authors reported that INR results from 2 laboratories using sensitive thromboplastin had good agreement with the criterion, whereas INR values determined from less sensitive reagents at the remaining 2 laboratories had poor agreement. Clinical agreement of both POC systems was between these extremes at 77% and 78%. The authors concluded that large interlaboratory variation in INR results could occur, indicating the need for cautious interpretation of INR tested with POC against conventional laboratory methods. This might explain the poor INR agreement between various POC systems and laboratory methods reported in some studies. 15,16 It has been recommended that for reliable measures of accuracy, POC instruments ideally should be tested against a criterion standard with a manual technique using the WHO international reference thromboplastin as described previously. 6,17 In the multicenter study, patient-generated INR values using ProTime were equivalent to INR values determined at a central reference laboratory that originally calibrated its assay against the WHO standard method. 11 The ProTime monitor has been shown to correlate well with laboratory testing of INR, with correlation coefficients on the order of 0.86 to ,15,16,18 In comparison, we calculated a lower correlation coefficient of 0.62 for the ProTime INR vs the INR determined by our hospital laboratory. Our analysis of 91 paired INR values included 5 pairs that differed by at least 1.0 unit, which could have skewed the overall correlation analysis. Of note, correlation analyses are useful in demonstrating similarity of 2 tests, but they do not provide meaningful assessment of agreement. Despite a suboptimal correlation coefficient, we observed acceptable agreement with three quarters of paired INRs measuring within 0.5 units of each other. Some studies have shown that ProTime overestimates the INR with biases exceeding 0.5 INR units. 15,16 Similar to the large, multicenter study discussed earlier, 11 we did not detect any significant bias. Our mean difference in INR values between test systems was Recalculation of this parameter after removing 2 major outliers (4.97 and 3.07, Table 2) that were due to a faulty POC monitor or laboratory error resulted in a smaller mean difference of Downloaded from Am J Clin Pathol 2005;123:
5 Sunderji et al / CLINICAL IMPACT OF POC VS LABORATORY INR In our study, 6 paired measurements differed by 1 or more INR units. In 1 case in which the POC monitor generated an INR of 7.25 with a corresponding laboratory value of 2.28, the concordance failure was attributed to ProTime malfunction. It is not clear why the instrument generated such an elevated INR result despite its internal quality control systems designed to display an error message in this situation. Of note, erroneous INR results also can occur as a result of laboratory error, as was demonstrated in one case and possibly in a second case. The small failure rate in INR concordance between test systems observed in our study could be clinically important and emphasizes the need for external quality control systems. Our criterion for retesting using an INR difference of 1 unit or more between test systems was arbitrary for safety reasons; clinicians may select different criteria for assessing instrument failure. Our study was limited because it was not powered to determine the impact of INR disagreement on clinical outcomes. As with laboratory INR testing, patients who plan to self-test should be trained to recognize unusual POC INR results so that timely action can be taken to prevent inappropriate dosage adjustments. In our study, patients were required to call the study investigator if their POC INR exceeded 4.5 or 5.0, depending on their target INR range, to allow assessment of the need for laboratory INR measurement to confirm the POC result. 8 INRs tested using the ProTime POC monitor showed acceptable agreement with our hospital laboratory INR. Owing to the small failure rate in INR concordance, it is recommended that POC systems be tested periodically (eg, every 6 months 5 ) against a laboratory method to monitor performance and that patients be alert for unexpected INR values. Because errors in INR testing can occur with POC and laboratory systems, discrepancies in INR results should be investigated for optimal management of anticoagulation. From 1 Cardiology and 2 Nephrology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Service Unit, 3 Coronary Care Unit and Echocardiography Laboratory, 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine, 5 Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, and 6 Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital; 7 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8 Post-Graduate Cardiology Training Program, 9 Faculty of Medicine, and 10 Faculty of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; and 11 Programs- Seniors, Evergreen House, North Vancouver, Canada. Supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of British Columbia and Yukon, Vancouver, the Vancouver General Hospital Interdisciplinary Research Grant, and International Technidyne Corporation, Edison, NJ. Address reprint requests to Dr Sunderji: Pharmaceutical Sciences CSU, Vancouver General Hospital, 855 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 1M9. Acknowledgment: We thank Anar Dossa, BSc(Pharm), staff development coordinator, Pharmaceutical Sciences Clinical Service Unit, Vancouver General Hospital, for assistance with the conduct of this study and data management. References 1. Kortke H, Korfer R. International normalized ratio selfmanagement after mechanical heart valve replacement: is an early start advantageous? Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72: Sawicki PT. A structured teaching and self-management program for patients receiving oral anticoagulation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999;281: Cromheecke ME, Levi M, Colly LP, et al. Oral anticoagulation self-management and management by a specialist anticoagulation clinic: a randomised cross-over comparison. Lancet. 2000;356: Horstkotte D, Piper C, Wiemer M, et al. Improvement of prognosis by home prothrombin estimation in patients with life long anticoagulation therapy [abstract]. Eur Heart J. 1996;17(suppl):S Fitzmaurice DA, Machin SJ, on behalf of the British Society of Haematology Task Force for Haemostasis and Thrombosis. Recommendations for patients undertaking self-management of oral anticoagulation. BMJ. 2001;323: Kaatz SS, White RH, Hill J, et al. Accuracy of laboratory and portable monitor international normalized ratio determinations. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155: Sunderji R, Fung A, Gin K, et al. Patient self-management of oral anticoagulation: a review. Can J Cardiol. 2003;19: Sunderji R, Gin K, Shalansky K, et al. A randomized trial of patient self-managed versus physician-managed oral anticoagulation. Can J Cardiol. 2004;20: Sunderji R, Campbell L, Shalansky K, et al. Outpatient selfmanagement of warfarin therapy: a pilot study. Pharmacotherapy. 1999;19: Lassen JF, Brandslund I, Antonsen S. International normalized ratio for prothrombin times in patients taking oral anticoagulants: critical difference and probability of significant change in consecutive measures. Clin Chem. 1995;42: Oral Anticoagulation Monitoring Study Group. Prothrombin measurement using a patient self-testing system. Am J Clin Pathol. 2001;115: Shermock KM, Bragg L, Connor JT, et al. Differences in warfarin dosing decisions based on international normalized ratio measurements with two point-of-care testing devices and a reference laboratory measurement. Pharmacotherapy. 2002;22: Pierce MT, Crain L, Smith J, et al. Point-of-care versus laboratory measurement of the international normalized ratio. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000;57: Lind SE, Pearce LA, Feinberg WM, et al, for the SPAF Investigators. Clinically significant differences in the international normalized ratio measured with reagents of different sensitivities. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1999;10: Chapman DC, Stephens MA, Hamann GL, et al. Accuracy, clinical correlation, and patient acceptance of two handheld prothrombin time monitoring devices in the ambulatory setting. Ann Pharmacother. 1999;33: Reed C, Rickman H. Accuracy of international normalized ratio determined by portable whole-blood coagulation monitor versus a central laboratory. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999;56: Ansell J, Hirsh J, Dalen J, et al. Managing oral anticoagulant therapy. Chest. 2001;119(suppl):S22-S Oral Anticoagulation Monitoring Study Group. Point-of-care prothrombin time measurement for professional and patient self-testing use: a multicenter clinical experience. Am J Clin Pathol. 2001;115: Am J Clin Pathol 2005;123: Downloaded 188 from
Setting up an Anticoagulation Clinic in Primary Care. Contents
Setting up an Anticoagulation Clinic in Primary Care This paper aims to outline the decisions and practical steps needed to set up and run a successful anticoagulation clinic in a primary care setting.
More informationINR Self Testing. Stephan Moll, MD Department of Medicine HEMOPHILIA AND THROMBOSIS CENTER UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
P A T I E N T I N F O R M A T I O N G U I D E INR Self Testing Stephan Moll, MD Department of Medicine HEMOPHILIA AND THROMBOSIS CENTER UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA A Summary INR home testing devices are
More informationComparison of Anticoagulation Clinic Patient Outcomes With Outcomes From Traditional Care in a Family Medicine Clinic
Comparison of Anticoagulation Clinic Patient Outcomes With Outcomes From Traditional Care in a Family Medicine Clinic Marvin A. Chamberlain, RPh, MS, Nannette A. Sageser, Pharm D, and David Ruiz, MD Background:
More informationComparison of a clinical pharmacist managed anticoagulation service with routine medical care: impact on clinical outcomes and health care costs
HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH FUND HEALTH CARE AND PROMOTION FUND Comparison of a clinical pharmacist managed anticoagulation service with routine medical care: impact on clinical outcomes and health care costs
More informationCoaguChek XS and XS Plus A range that brings a new level of confidence in INR monitoring, for you and your patients
Monitor your patients INR levels accurately and efficiently CoaguChek XS and XS Plus A range that brings a new level of confidence in INR monitoring, for you and your patients XS XS Plus A patient centred
More informationHome INR monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy in children using the CoaguChekk S point-of-care monitor and a robust education program
Thrombosis Research (2006) 118, 587 593 intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/thre REGULAR ARTICLE Home INR monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy in children using the CoaguChekk S point-of-care monitor
More informationARTICLE. The community pharmacybased anticoagulation management service achieves a consistently high standard of anticoagulant care
The community pharmacybased anticoagulation management service achieves a consistently high standard of anticoagulant care Paul Harper, Ian McMichael, Dale Griffiths, Joe Harper, Claire Hill ABSTRACT AIM:
More informationPerformance Measurement of a Pharmacist-Directed Anticoagulation Management Service
Hospital Pharmacy Volume 36, Number 11, pp 1164 1169 2001 Facts and Comparisons PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE Performance Measurement of a Pharmacist-Directed Anticoagulation Management Service Jon C. Schommer,
More informationAlert. Patient safety alert. Actions that can make anticoagulant therapy safer. 28 March Action for the NHS and the independent sector
Patient safety alert 18 Alert 28 March 2007 Immediate action Action Update Information request Ref: NPSA/2007/18 Actions that can make anticoagulant therapy safer Anticoagulants are one of the classes
More informationProtocol for Patients on oral Anticoagulants who wish to perform INR self testing. Anticoagulation service Bolton NHS Foundation Trust. April 2017.
Protocol for Patients on oral Anticoagulants who Anticoagulation service Bolton NHS Foundation Trust April 2017. Document Control Document Ref No. ANTICO05 Title of document Protocol for Patient s on oral
More informationProtocol Applies To: UW Health Clinics: all adult outpatients with an active order for warfarin
Protocol Number: 7 Protocol Title: Ambulatory Initiation and Management of Warfarin for Adults Protocol Applies To: UW Health Clinics: all adult outpatients with an active order for warfarin Target Patient
More informationLiterature review: pharmaceutical services for prisoners
Author: Rosemary Allgeier, Principal Pharmacist in Public Health. Date: 08 October 2012 Version: 1a Publication and distribution: NHS Wales (intranet and internet) Public Health Wales (intranet and internet)
More information4/9/2013. Best Practice Initiative: Inpatient Anticoagulation Stewardship. Dorcas Letting reports no relevant financial relationships
Disclosure Best Practice Initiative: Inpatient Anticoagulation Stewardship Dorcas Letting reports no relevant financial relationships Dorcas Letting-Mangira, Pharm.D Pharmacotherapist, Internal Medicine
More informationDANNOAC-AF synopsis. [Version 7.9v: 5th of April 2017]
DANNOAC-AF synopsis. [Version 7.9v: 5th of April 2017] A quality of care assessment comparing safety and efficacy of edoxaban, apixaban, rivaroxaban and dabigatran for oral anticoagulation in patients
More informationCLINICAL AUDIT. The Safe and Effective Use of Warfarin
CLINICAL AUDIT The Safe and Effective Use of Warfarin Valid to May 2019 bpac nz better medicin e Background Warfarin is the medicine most frequently associated with adverse drug reactions in New Zealand.
More informationANTI-COAGULATION MONITORING
ANTI-COAGULATION MONITORING 2016-17 a) Purpose of Agreement This Agreement outlines the service to be provided by the Provider, called an Anti-coagulation monitoring service. b) Duration of Agreement This
More informationSchedule C1. Community Pharmacy Anti-Coagulation Management Services
Schedule C1 Community Pharmacy Anti-Coagulation Management Services 1. Definition This service specification relates to the anticoagulation management of Service Users on warfarin by an accredited community
More informationSafer use of anticoagulants: the NPSA patient safety alert Steve Chaplin MSc, MRPharmS
Safer use of anticoagulants: the NPSA patient safety alert Steve Chaplin MSc, MRPharmS Steve Chaplin describes the NPSA s anticoagulant patient safety alert and the measures it recommends for making the
More informationLinda Cutter / Dr Charles Heatley. GP Practices and Community Pharmacies
Schedule 2 Part A Service Specification Service Specification No. 04 Service Anti-coagulation Monitoring Levels 3, 4 & 5 Commissioner Lead Provider Lead Linda Cutter / Dr Charles Heatley GP Practices and
More informationCamden Clinical Commissioning Group Reporting Mechanism/Frequency Remotely/Quarterly
Universal Offer Service Anticoagulation - Warfarin Clinical Lead Dr Kevan Ritchie Commissioner Camden Clinical Commissioning Group Reporting Mechanism/Frequency Remotely/Quarterly Payment Frequency Quarterly
More informationReport on the Pilot Survey on Obtaining Occupational Exposure Data in Interventional Cardiology
Report on the Pilot Survey on Obtaining Occupational Exposure Data in Interventional Cardiology Working Group on Interventional Cardiology (WGIC) Information System on Occupational Exposure in Medicine,
More informationReducing Warfarin ADR s with a Nurse Led Anticoagulation Clinic: A New Model of Patient Care
Baptist Health South Florida Scholarly Commons @ Baptist Health South Florida All Publications 6-16-2017 Reducing Warfarin ADR s with a Nurse Led Anticoagulation Clinic: A New Model of Patient Care Michael
More informationAnticoagulation management by community pharmacists in New Zealand: an evaluation of a collaborative model in primary care
bs_bs_banner International Journal of Pharmacy Practice International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2014,, pp. Research Paper Anticoagulation management by community pharmacists in New Zealand: an evaluation
More informationMANAGING THE INR CLINIC : IJN EXPERIENCE
MANAGING THE INR CLINIC : IJN EXPERIENCE Anticoagulation Workshop 21 st August 2015 KAMALESWARY ARUMUGAM PRINCIPAL PHARMACIST LEE LEE HO1 NURSE MENTOR, INR CLINIC HISTORY & OVERVIEW OF THE INR CLINIC HISTORY
More informationEXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION Medication Therapy Management Services Provided by Student Pharmacists
EXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION Medication Therapy Management Services Provided by Student Pharmacists Micah Hata, PharmD, a Roger Klotz, BSPharm, a Rick Sylvies, PharmD, b Karl Hess, PharmD, a Emmanuelle Schwartzman,
More informationAn evidence-based review and guidelines for patient self-testing and management of oral anticoagulation
guideline An evidence-based review and guidelines for patient self-testing and management of oral anticoagulation D. A. Fitzmaurice, 1 C. Gardiner, 2 S. Kitchen, 3 I. Mackie, 2 E. T. Murray 1 and S. J.
More informationAIMS FELLOWSHIP CURRICULUM HAEMATOLOGY II
AIMS FELLOWSHIP CURRICULUM HAEMATOLOGY II Module Code: Module Title: Module Convenor: Discipline Committee: HAEM II Routine Haemostasis Haematology Department St Vincent's Hospital Darlinghurst NSW 2010
More informationAccreditation Program: Long Term Care
ccreditation Program: Long Term are National Patient Safety Goals indicates scoring category ; indicates scoring category ; indicates situational decision rules apply; indicates 2009 The Joint ommission
More informationPT/EQA for the Total Laboratory Testing Cycle: Focus on Pre-Examination
PT/EQA for the Total Laboratory Testing Cycle: Focus on Pre-Examination Michael A Noble MD FRCPC Clinical Microbiology Proficiency Testing University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada The North America
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE. Single Technology Appraisal (STA)
Thank you for agreeing to give us a statement on your organisation s view of the technology and the way it should be used in the NHS. Healthcare professionals can provide a unique perspective on the technology
More informationResearch Article A Pharmacist-Led Point-of-Care INR Clinic: Optimizing Care in a Family Health Team Setting
International Family Medicine, Article ID 691454, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/691454 Research Article A Pharmacist-Led Point-of-Care INR Clinic: Optimizing Care in a Family Health Team Setting
More informationMyname is Katie Kok. I am from the US here in Illinois actually. I just want to say what a
Myname is Katie Kok. I am from the US here in Illinois actually. I just want to say what a privilege it is to be presenting here today. Thank you so much for having me. I will be presenting on Patient
More informationDashboard Review First Quarter of FY-2017 Joe Selby, MD, MPH
Dashboard Review First Quarter of FY-217 Joe Selby, MD, MPH Executive Director 1 Board of Governors Dashboard First Quarter FY-217 (As of 12/31/216) Our Goals: Increase Information, Speed Implementation,
More informationShaping the Workforce of Tomorrow: Preparing Technicians for Advanced Roles
Shaping the Workforce of Tomorrow: Preparing Technicians for Advanced Roles ASHLEE MATTINGLY, PHARMD, BCPS & SARAH LAWRENCE, PHARMD, MA, BCGP Speaker Contact Ashlee Mattingly, PharmD, BCPS Lab Pharmacist
More informationWar on Warfarin: Integrating DOACs into your Anticoagulation Service
War on Warfarin: Integrating DOACs into your Anticoagulation Service David DeiCicchi, Pharm.D, CACP Brigham and Women s Hospital September 30 th, 2016 Disclosures I have no financial conflict of interest
More informationDominic Cox Royal Free Hospital London Joan Pearson Leeds General Infirmary
POINT OF CARE TESTING (POCT) IN CRITICAL CARE Authors: Dominic Cox Royal Free Hospital London Joan Pearson Leeds General Infirmary In collaboration with ICS standards committee Introduction Point of Care
More informationCritical Review: What effect do group intervention programs have on the quality of life of caregivers of survivors of stroke?
Critical Review: What effect do group intervention programs have on the quality of life of caregivers of survivors of stroke? Stephanie Yallin M.Cl.Sc (SLP) Candidate University of Western Ontario: School
More informationPerformance of Point-of-Care Testing in Unaccredited Settings:
Performance of Point-of-Care Testing in Unaccredited Settings: A Guideline for Non-Laboratorians Prepared by the Advisory Committee on Laboratory Medicine College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta You
More informationMedication Adherence
Medication Adherence Robert DiGregorio, PharmD, FNAP, BCACP Professor (Long Island University) Sr. Director, Pharmacy & Pharmacotherapy Services (TBHC) Chief, Pharmacotherapy Department of Internal Medicine
More informationDetermining Like Hospitals for Benchmarking Paper #2778
Determining Like Hospitals for Benchmarking Paper #2778 Diane Storer Brown, RN, PhD, FNAHQ, FAAN Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, Nancy E. Donaldson, RN, DNSc, FAAN Department of Physiological
More informationDisease State Management Clinics: A Pharmacist Perspective
Disease State Management Clinics: A Pharmacist Perspective Eva Berrios Colon, Pharm.D, MPH, BCPS Associate Professor, Touro College of Pharmacy Email: evb9001@nyp.org 5/12/11 The Brooklyn Hospital Center
More informationAdverse Drug Events: A Focus on Anticoagulation Steve Meisel, Pharm.D., CPPS Director of Patient Safety Fairview Health Services, Minneapolis, MN
Adverse Drug Events: A Focus on Anticoagulation Steve Meisel, Pharm.D., CPPS Director of Patient Safety Fairview Health Services, Minneapolis, MN Fairview Health Services 6 hospitals, ranging from rural
More informationAnticoagulation Manager Training Day Plan
Anticoagulation Manager Training Day Plan Versioning Author: Debbie Cuthbert/Emma Stubbs Reviewer(s): Debbie Cuthbert, Jim Holden Date Version Contents 22/10/2014 01 Initial draft day plan. 31/10/2014
More informationCommunity Clinics Policy and Procedure Manual C - 9 WARFARIN ADJUSTMENT PROTOCOL SUBJECT: WARFARIN ADJUSTMENT PROTOCOL
Community Clinics Policy and Procedure Manual C - 9 SUBJECT: WARFARIN ADJUSTMENT PROTOCOL SUBJECT: WARFARIN ADJUSTMENT PROTOCOL APPROVED BY: VP Acute & Long Term Care & COO (South) EFFECTIVE DATE: 2007
More informationQC Explained Quality Control for Point of Care Testing
QC Explained 1.0 - Quality Control for Point of Care Testing Kee, Sarah., Adams, Lynsey., Whyte, Carla J., McVicker, Louise. Background Point of care testing (POCT) refers to testing that is performed
More informationIndian River Medical Center Policy #: 10.1 Policies and Procedures
Indian River Medical Center Policy #: 10.1 Policies and Procedures Title: ANTICOAGULATION CLINIC Effective Date: Chapter: Pharmacy Reviewed Date: Responsible Person: Director of Pharmacy Revised Date:
More informationTHE VALUE OF CAP S Q-PROBES & Q-TRACKS
THE VALUE OF CAP S Q-PROBES & Q-TRACKS Peter J. Howanitz MD Professor, Vice Chair, Laboratory Director Dept. Of Pathology SUNY Downstate Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA Peter.Howanitz@downstate.edu OVERVIEW Discuss
More informationDomiciliary non-invasive ventilation for recurrent acidotic exacerbations of COPD: an economic analysis Tuggey J M, Plant P K, Elliott M W
Domiciliary non-invasive ventilation for recurrent acidotic exacerbations of COPD: an economic analysis Tuggey J M, Plant P K, Elliott M W Record Status This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation
More informationPHCY 471 Community IPPE. Student Name. Supervising Preceptor Name(s)
PRECEPTOR CHECKLIST /SIGN-OFF PHCY 471 Community IPPE Student Name Supervising Name(s) INSTRUCTIONS The following table outlines the primary learning goals and activities for the Community IPPE. Each student
More informationCommissioning effective anticoagulation services for the future: A resource pack for commissioners
Commissioning effective anticoagulation services for the future: A resource pack for commissioners The development of this commissioning toolkit was supported by Bayer HealthCare. Bayer HealthCare paid
More informationUsing Data to Inform Quality Improvement
20 15 10 5 0 Using Data to Inform Quality Improvement Ethan Kuperman, MD FHM Aparna Kamath, MD MS Justin Glasgow, MD PhD Disclosures None of the presenters today have relevant personal or financial conflicts
More informationType of intervention Secondary prevention of heart failure (HF)-related events in patients at risk of HF.
Emergency department observation of heart failure: preliminary analysis of safety and cost Storrow A B, Collins S P, Lyons M S, Wagoner L E, Gibler W B, Lindsell C J Record Status This is a critical abstract
More informationChapter F - Human Resources
F - HUMAN RESOURCES MICHELE BABICH Human resource shortages are perhaps the most serious challenge fac Canada s healthcare system. In fact, the Health Council of Canada has stated without an appropriate
More informationKeenan Pharmacy Care Management (KPCM)
Keenan Pharmacy Care Management (KPCM) This program is an exclusive to KPS clients as an additional layer of pharmacy benefit management by engaging physicians and members directly to ensure that the best
More informationHTA. Devices for Point-of-Care Monitoring of Long-Term Oral Anticoagulation Therapy: Clinical and Cost Effectiveness. Supporting Informed Decisions
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Agence canadienne des médicaments et des technologies de la santé technolo g y o v e r v i e w HTA Issue 24 February 2007 Devices for Point-of-Care
More informationCOLLABORATIVE PRACTICE SUCCESSES IN PRIMARY CARE
COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE SUCCESSES IN PRIMARY CARE KPhA Annual Meeting September 7, 2014 Tiffany R. Shin, PharmD, BCACP Lyndsey N. Hogg, PharmD, BCACP Objectives Describe basic concepts of collaborative
More informationANTICOAGULATION CLINIC
ANTICOAGULATION CLINIC COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AND CLINIC BETTY MEIGHAN, RN, BSN SUMNER, IOWA PROGRAM INITIATION Provider request for patient benefit Time factor for physicians in office Significant
More informationStoryboard Submission NHS Wales Awards Title Improving Patient Safety How ABHB Ward Pharmacists Monitor Elevated INRs
Storyboard Submission 1. Title Improving Patient Safety How ABHB Ward Pharmacists Monitor Elevated 2. Brief Outline of Context As part of the 1000 Lives Plus initiative, ward pharmacists throughout ABHB
More informationT he National Health Service (NHS) introduced the first
265 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The impact of co-located NHS walk-in centres on emergency departments Chris Salisbury, Sandra Hollinghurst, Alan Montgomery, Matthew Cooke, James Munro, Deborah Sharp, Melanie Chalder...
More informationAldijana Avdić, BSN, RN, PBMS, CPHQ Assistant Director, Patient Safety and Privacy 1
Aldijana Avdić, BSN, RN, PBMS, CPHQ Assistant Director, Patient Safety and Privacy 1 Program Definition The timely application of evidence-based medical and surgical concepts designed to maintain hemoglobin
More informationTransitionRx: Impact of a Community Pharmacy Post-Discharge Medication Therapy Management Program on Hospital Readmission Rate
TransitionRx: Impact of a Community Pharmacy Post-Discharge Medication Therapy Management Program on Hospital Readmission Rate Heidi Luder, PharmD, MS, BCACP Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice University
More informationSCHEDULE 2 THE SERVICES
SCHEDULE 2 THE SERVICES A. Service Specifications 1 Introduction Anticoagulants are medicines which slow down the blood clotting process and are used to support the prevention of clot development. They
More informationPGY 1 Pharmacy Residency Cardiology Experience Description Truman Medical Center Hospital Hill
Experience Title: Cardiology (PGY1) PGY 1 Pharmacy Residency Cardiology Experience Description Truman Medical Center Hospital Hill Preceptor: Andrew Smith, Pharm.D., BCPS (AQ Cardiology) Cardiology Clinical
More informationResearch Design: Other Examples. Lynda Burton, ScD Johns Hopkins University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationImproving Safety Practices Anticoagulation Therapy
Improving Safety Practices Anticoagulation Therapy Katie Cinnamon, PharmD, BCPS Clinical Pharmacist Genesis Medical Center - Davenport Objectives Review background information on medication errors and
More informationThe Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. Medical Dosimetry Practice Standards
The Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy Medical Dosimetry Practice Standards 2017 American Society of Radiologic Technologists. All rights reserved. Reprinting all or part of this
More informationHospital pharmacists play an important role in improving
CLINICAL PRACTICE The Invisible White Coat: Awareness of Pharmacists in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Rehana Bajwa, Jennifer G Kendrick, and Roxane Carr NTRODUCTION Hospital pharmacists play an important
More informationExperiential Education
Experiential Education Experiential Education Page 1 Experiential Education Contents Introduction to Experiential Education... 3 Experiential Education Calendar... 4 Selected ACPE Standards 2007... 5 Standard
More informationPlan for Quality to Improve Patient Safety at the POC
Plan for Quality to Improve Patient Safety at the POC SHARON S. EHRMEYER, PH.D., MT(ASCP) PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM UNIVERSITY OF
More informationThe Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. Radiography Practice Standards
The Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy Radiography Practice Standards 2017 American Society of Radiologic Technologists. All rights reserved. Reprinting all or part of this document
More informationService Specification
Service Specification Level 4 Anticoagulation Management Release: Final Date: 1/1/11 Author: Suzanne Pickering Primary Care Commissioning Manager NHS Derbyshire County Owner: Jackie Pendleton Assistant
More informationCare. Oral Anticoagulation Patient Self-Testing: Consensus Guidelines For Practical Implementation M A N A G E D SUPPLEMENT TO HIGHLIGHTS
SUPPLEMENT TO Care M A N A G E D Oral Anticoagulation Patient Self-Testing: Consensus Guidelines For Practical Implementation HIGHLIGHTS Rationale for Wider Implementation of Patient Self-Testing Patient
More informationResearch Opportunities to Improve Hypertension Control
Research Opportunities to Improve Hypertension Control Barry L. Carter, Pharm.D., FCCP, FAHA, FASH The Patrick E. Keefe Professor in Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science College of Pharmacy
More informationThe Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. Limited X-Ray Machine Operator Practice Standards
The Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy Limited X-Ray Machine Operator Practice Standards 2017 American Society of Radiologic Technologists. All rights reserved. Reprinting all
More informationWho Cares About Medication Reconciliation? American Pharmacists Association American Society of Health-system Pharmacists The Joint Commission Agency
The Impact of Medication Reconciliation Jeffrey W. Gower Pharmacy Resident Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center Objectives Understand the definition and components of effective medication reconciliation
More informationIMPACT OF RN HYPERTENSION PROTOCOL
1 IMPACT OF RN HYPERTENSION PROTOCOL Joyce Cheung, RN, Marie Kuzmack, RN Orange County Hypertension Team Kaiser Permanente, Orange County Joyce.m.cheung@kp.org and marie-aline.z.kuzmack@kp.org Cell phone:
More informationA Comparative Effectiveness Trial Warfarin versus Direct Oral Anti- Coagulants. Thomas L. Ortel, M.D., Ph.D. 2 December 2016
A Comparative Effectiveness Trial Warfarin versus Direct Oral Anti- Coagulants Thomas L. Ortel, M.D., Ph.D. 2 December 2016 Comparative Effectiveness Research The IOM Definition of CER: Comparative effectiveness
More informationCarter Healthcare, Inc
PURPOSE WAIVED TESTING Policy No. 2-047 To define the organization's compliance with waived testing criteria and the need for a certificate of laboratory services. POLICY The Clinical Laboratory Improvement
More informationBackground and Methodology
Study Sites and Investigators Emergency Department Pharmacists Improve Patient Safety: Results of a Multicenter Study Supported by the ASHP Foundation Jeffrey Rothschild, MD, MPH-Principal Investigator
More informationEnhancing Patient Care via a Pharmacist-Managed Rural Anticoagulation Clinic
Case Study Enhancing Patient Care via a Pharmacist-Managed Rural Anticoagulation Clinic Cindy Jones and Guy Lacombe Abstract Integrating specialized pharmacist services and follow-up with the laboratory,
More informationStudy Title: Optimal resuscitation in pediatric trauma an EAST multicenter study
Study Title: Optimal resuscitation in pediatric trauma an EAST multicenter study PI/senior researcher: Richard Falcone Jr. MD, MPH Co-primary investigator: Stephanie Polites MD, MPH; Juan Gurria MD My
More informationDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES Medication Administration Observation
: Make random medication observations of several staff over different shifts and units, multiple routes of administration -- oral, enteral, intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ), topical,
More informationDisclosures. Platforms for Performance: Clinical Dashboards to Improve Quality and Safety. Learning Objectives
Platforms for Performance: Clinical Dashboards to Improve Quality and Safety Disclosures The program chair and presenters for this continuing pharmacy education activity report no relevant financial relationships.
More informationIndicators and descriptors and how they can be used. Hanne Herborg Director R&D Danish College of Pharmacy Practice
Indicators and descriptors and how they can be used Hanne Herborg Director R&D Danish College of Pharmacy Practice Focus - inspiration for workshop discussions The need for development of performance
More informationNew York State Department of Health Innovation Initiatives
New York State Department of Health Innovation Initiatives HCA Quality & Technology Symposium November 16 th, 2017 Marcus Friedrich, MD, MBA, FACP Chief Medical Officer Office of Quality and Patient Safety
More informationPromoting Interoperability Measures
Promoting Interoperability Measures Previously known as Advancing Care Information for 2017 and Meaningful Use from 2011-2016 Participants: In 2018, promoting interoperability measure reporting (PI) is
More informationInitiation of Warfarin for patients not registered with Provider Practice
Initiation of Warfarin for patients not registered with Provider Practice 2017-18 1. Purpose of Agreement This Agreement outlines the service to be provided by the Provider, called Initiation of Warfarin
More informationChanges in practice and organisation surrounding blood transfusion in NHS trusts in England
See Commentary, p 236 1 National Blood Service, Birmingham, UK; 2 National Blood Service, Oxford, UK; 3 Clinical Evaluation and Effectiveness Unit, Royal College of Physicians, London, UK Correspondence
More informationSIMPLE SOLUTIONS. BIG IMPACT.
SIMPLE SOLUTIONS. BIG IMPACT. SIMPLE SOLUTIONS. BIG IMPACT. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FOR INSTITUTIONS combines the American College of Cardiology s (ACC) proven quality improvement service solutions and its
More informationThe Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. Radiologist Assistant Practice Standards
The Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy Radiologist Assistant Practice Standards 2017 American Society of Radiologic Technologists. All rights reserved. Reprinting all or part
More informationAdverse Drug Events and Readmissions: The Global Picture
Adverse Drug Events and Readmissions: The Global Picture Kyle E. Hultgren, PharmD Managing Director Center for Medication Safety Advancement Purdue University College of Pharmacy Indianapolis, IN 4 Learning
More informationANTICOAGULATION MONITORING SERVICE. Standard Operating Procedure For the provision of a Level 3, 4 and 5 Anticoagulation Service
ANTICOAGULATION MONITORING SERVICE Standard Operating Procedure For the provision of a Level 3, 4 and 5 Anticoagulation Service Version: Date at ET/PEC: September 2008 Date ratified at Board: Name and
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. Oral Anticoagulation Management in Primary Care With the Use of Computerized Decision Support and Near-Patient Testing
Oral Anticoagulation Management in Primary Care With the Use of Computerized Decision Support and Near-Patient Testing A Randomized, Controlled Trial ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION David A. Fitzmaurice, MD; F.
More informationPharmacist prescribing within an integrated health system in Washington
Pharmacist prescribing within an integrated health system in Washington Roger Woolf, Pharm.D., Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Amanda Locke, Pharm.D., BCACP, Virginia Mason Medical Center,
More informationPRIMARY CARE PRACTICE GUIDELINES
1 of 12 1. OUTCOME To provide direction regarding the standard processes for managing WRHA Primary Care Clinic clients who receive anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. To improve safety and reduce risk.
More informationTechnology Overview. Issue 13 August A Clinical and Economic Review of Telephone Triage Services and Survey of Canadian Call Centre Programs
Technology Overview Issue 13 August 2004 A Clinical and Economic Review of Telephone Triage Services and Survey of Canadian Call Centre Programs Publications can be requested from: CCOHTA 600-865 Carling
More information2005 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Standards and Guidelines Survey
Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Scholarship and Professional Work COPHS College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences 10-2006 2005 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)
More informationImproving Clinical Outcomes
Improving clinical outcomes and reducing health care costs under the Affordable Care Act - are enhanced medication management strategies part of the solution? Sandra L. Baldinger, Pharm.D., M.S. Kenneth
More informationUnderstanding and improving the quality of medication use: Research in Clinical Pharmacy starting from Academia. Anne Spinewine
Understanding and improving the quality of medication use: Research in Clinical Pharmacy starting from Academia Clinical Pharmacy Research Group (CLIP) Anne Spinewine 1 04.10.2011 WBI- UCL Research activities
More informationSupratherapeutic INR Clinical Decision Support
Supratherapeutic INR Clinical Decision Support 11/29/2009 Northwestern University MMI - 406 Barbara Antuna, MD Susan Bersheer Mary Moore Contents Overview/Knowledge... 3 The Model Selection of CCDS Interventions
More information