Table of Contents Research Introduction............................................. 5 Literacy in the Twenty-first Century........................... 5 Why Combine Literacy and Content?.......................... 6 Promoting Literacy with Leveled Texts......................... 7 Standards Correlations How to Find Standards Correlations......................... 10 Purpose and Intent of Standards............................ 10 McREL Compendium..................................... 10 TESOL Standards........................................ 10 Standards Correlations Chart.............................. 11 Program Overview Raps.................................................. 13 Vocabulary............................................. 13 Leveled Texts Cards...................................... 14 Tiered Graphic Organizers................................. 15 English Language Learners Graphic Organizer Connection........ 16 Assessments............................................ 16 Interactive Whiteboard Activities............................ 17 Culminating Activity...................................... 18 How to Use This Product Lesson Plans............................................ 19 Student Reproducibles.................................... 24 Culminating Activity...................................... 26 Leveled Texts........................................... 27 Audio and Teacher Resource CDs........................... 29 How to Use the Interactive Whiteboard File Getting Started.......................................... 30 Navigating Through the File................................ 30 Interactive Whiteboard Tools............................... 34 Student Response Sheets.................................. 35 Teacher Created Materials #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century 3
Table of Contents (cont.) Lessons Lesson 1: The Industrial Revolution.......................... 37 Lesson 2: Men of the Industrial Revolution..................... 49 Lesson 3: European Immigration............................ 61 Lesson 4: Asian Immigration................................ 73 Lesson 5: World War I: The Great War........................ 83 Lesson 6: The Roaring Twenties............................. 93 Lesson 7: The Great Depression............................ 105 Lesson 8: World War II in Europe........................... 115 Lesson 9: World War II in the Pacific........................ 125 Lesson 10: World War II Leaders........................... 135 Lesson 11: The Civil Rights Movement....................... 145 Lesson 12: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr......................... 157 Lesson 13: The Cold War.................................. 169 Lesson 14: Conflicts in the Middle East....................... 179 Lesson 15: Modern World Leaders.......................... 191 Culminating Activity 20th Century Blogging................................... 201 Answer Key............................................. 209 Appendices Appendix A: References Cited.............................. 225 Appendix B: Image Sources............................... 227 Appendix C: Contents of the Teacher Resource CD and Audio CDs.. 229 4 #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials
Lesson 9 Unit Learning Objectives Social Studies: Students will learn the significant financial and material military aspects and human costs of World War II in the Pacific. McREL United States History, 25.2, Level II Nonfiction Reading: Students will determine the main idea and supporting details of the text. Nonfiction Writing: Students will create acrostic poems to help them better understand both the vocabulary words and the text. Materials All four audio CDs Text of the rap (rap09.pdf) Electronic copies of the leveled text images to project Copies of the leveled text cards (card09.pdf) Copies of the student reproducibles (pages 129 133) Copies of the Map Activity Student Response Sheet (page 134) (optional) Interactive whiteboard file (filename: TCM 20th Century) (optional) Maps Scissors Highlighters Lesson Overview Students will learn the vocabulary words through a chart-and-match activity. Students will read leveled texts with partners. Students will complete a graphic organizer to determine the main idea and supporting details from the text. Jigsaw groups will then share their completed graphic organizer information. Students will write acrostic poems using vocabulary words and information from the text. As an assessment, students will answer leveled questions. A multiple-choice quiz is also provided. Interactive whiteboard files available for this lesson include the rap, vocabulary words, and the three graphic organizers. Additionally, there is a Map Activity in which students will place flags on the correct locations on a map and then answer questions about World War II in the Pacific. Vocabulary Words and Concepts Allies nations that fought against the Axis powers during World War II atomic bomb a destructive bomb that gets its power from nuclear energy Axis powers nations that fought against the Allies during World War II reinforcements more soldiers or equipment sent to help in a battle surrender to give up control, often to an enemy during war Teacher Created Materials #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century 125
#13088 Leveled Texts: 20th Century Teacher Created Materials World War II in the Pacific Lesson Plan Introducing the Content 1. To get students motivated, begin by playing the World War II in the Pacific rap (Track 17) from any one of the four audio CDs. You can display the PDF of the words (rap09.pdf) using a projector, or copy and distribute the text so that students can read or sing along with the rap. Have students think about the topics that may be covered in this lesson. Allow students to briefly share their predictions with the class. Dictionary 2. Display the vocabulary words so students can see them. Then discuss the definition of each word. Divide students into small, heterogeneous groups. Ask each group to create a three-column grid labeled with the following headings: Word, Definition, and Example. They will then write one vocabulary word in each row in the Word column. Have students write a definition for the word in the next column and then give an example of the word in the last column. After the groups have completed their charts, have them cut apart the rows and columns. Tell students to mix up the words, definitions, and examples. Then have the groups trade their pieces with another group and see if they can reassemble the chart. 3. When students have a good understanding of the vocabulary words, display the images found in the text. These images are available on the Teacher Resource CD (pearl.jpg; bomb.jpg). Ask students if they know the context of these images. If possible, display maps of the Pacific and explain where each of these images were taken. Discuss the location of the Pacific arena versus the locations where the war was fought in Europe so that students can better visualize World War II in the Pacific. Help students identify China, the Philippines, Japan, Iwo Jima, and Hawaii. World War II in the Pacific Japan invaded China in 1937. The United States did not like this. U.S. President Roosevelt spoke up. He said that he would not sell Japan oil or steel. Japan needed these things to fight the war. Japan wanted to take over other nations in East Asia to get the oil. So, President Roosevelt put bomber planes in the Philippines to protect these nations. The Philippines are islands. They are between Japan and the nations with the oil. The president sent ships, too. He had them go to Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor is in Hawaii. These actions upset the Japanese. Surprise Attack! World War II in the Pacific Japan attacked China in 1937. The United States did not like this. U.S. President Roosevelt told Japanese e leaders that he would not sell them oil or steel. Japan needed these things to fight the war. Japan wanted to take over other nations in East Asia to get the oil. So, Roosevelt put bomber planes in the Philippine Islands. These islands are between Japan and the nations with the oil. President Roosevelt sent ships, too. These ships went to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. aii. His actions angered the Japanese. Surprise Attack! It was Sunday, December 7, 1941. Hundreds of Japanese planes sat on ships. The ships were in the Pacific Ocean. The planes were there to bomb Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor was a big U.S. navy base. It had the most U.S. forces in the Pacific. The Japanese planes took off. It was just before 8:00 A.M. The Japanese started dropping bombs. The Americans were caught off guard. In just two hours, the Japanese ruined 188 aircraft. They sank 21 ships. More than 2,400 Americans died. Japan saw this attack as a success. On the same day, Japan also hit the Philippines. Japan hoped to make the United States leave the Pacific. The next day, the United States and Great Britain declared war on Japan. Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. Why? They were part of the Axis. The Axis was made up of Japan, Germany, and Italy. The Axis nations were against the Allies. The Allies included Great Britain and France. The United States joined the Allies. The Battle of Midway Attack on Pearl Harbor World War II in the Pacific 9 Japan invaded China in 1937. The United States did not like this. So, U.S. President Roosevelt told Japanese anese leaders that America would not sell them oil or steel. They needed these things to fight the war. Japan decided to take over other nations in East Asia to get oil. To prevent this, Roosevelt stationed bomber planes in the Philippines. The Philippines in are islands between Japan and the nations with the oil. The president sent ships to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, too. His actions frustrated the Japanese. Surprise Attack! On Sunday, December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese planes sat on ships in the Pacific Ocean. These Japanese planes planned to bomb Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor was a big U.S. naval base. It had the most U.S. forces in the Pacific. The Japanese planes took off. They began dropping bombs just before 8:00 A.M.. The Americans were taken by surprise. In less than two hours, the Japanese had ruined 188 U.S. aircraft. They had sunk 21 U.S. ships. More than 2,400 Americans died. Japan saw its attack on Pearl Harbor as a success. On the same day, Japan also hit the Philippine Islands. Japan hoped to knock the United States out of the Pacific. The next day, the United States and Great Britain declared war on Japan. Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. This was because they were part of the Axis. The Axis was made up of Japan, Germany, and Italy. The Axis nations were against the Allies. The Allies included Great Britain and France. The United States joined the Allies. The Battle of Midway By June 1942, the Japanese attacked a U.S. base. The U.S. base was on Midway, a small island in the Pacific. A win there could put the Japanese in charge of the Pacific. Then, they could strike the West Coast of the United States. The Japanese thought it would be a surprise. But U.S. code breakers had found out about the plan. The United States sent up planes, fought hard, and won the battle. #13088 (i4450) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials Attack on Pearl Harbor World War II in the Pacific Ch In 1937, Japan invaded China. The United States felt this was wrong, and U.S. President Roosevelt told Japanese anese leaders that America would not sell them oil or steel. Since the Japanese needed oil to fight the war, they decided to conquer other nations in Asia to obtain it. To prevent this, Roosevelt stationed bomber planes in the Philippines, which are islands between Japan and the nations with the oil. The president also sent battleships to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. His actions frustrated the Japanese, and they decided to launch an attack on America. Surprise Attack! Early on Sunday, December 7, 1941, hundreds of planes waited on Japanese ships in the Pacific Ocean. They planned to bomb Pearl Harbor, a large U.S. naval base. It had the biggest group of U.S. forces in the Pacific. The Japanese planes began bombing just before 8:00 A.M. The Americans were taken completely by surprise, and in less than two hours, the Japanese had ruined 188 U.S. aircraft and 21 ships. More than 2,400 Americans died. Japan saw its attack on Pearl Harbor as a success. On the same day, Japan also attacked the Philippines in an attempt to knock the United States out of the Pacific. The attack made Americans angry. The next day, the United States and Great Britain declared war on Japan. Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. This happened because they were part of the Axis. The Axis was made up of Japan, Germany, and Italy. The Axis nations were against the Allies. The Allies included Great Britain and France. The United States joined the Allies. The Battle of Midway In June 1942, the Japanese attacked the U.S. base on Midway. Midway is a small Pacific c island. A win there e could give the Japanese control over the Pacific. Then, Japan could strike the West Coast of the United States. The Japanese counted on it being a surprise. But, U.S. code breakers had dfound out what the Japanese had planned. The United States forces prepared their planes. The United States fought back and won the battle. #13088 (i4450) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials Attack on Pearl Harbor Early on Sunday, December er 7, 1941, hundreds of planes waited on Japanese ships in the Pacific Ocean. They planned to bomb Pearl Harbor, a large naval base with the biggest group of U.S. forces in the Pacific. The Japanese planes began bombing just before 8:00 A.M. and caught the Americans completely off guard. In less than two hours, the Japanese had ruined 188 U.S. aircraft and 21 ships and killed more than 2,400 Americans. Japan saw its attack on Pearl Harbor as a success. On the same day, it also attacked the Philippines in an attempt to knock the United States out of the Pacific. The attack made Americans angry and determined. The next day, the United States and Great Britain declared war on Japan. Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. This happened because these nations were part of the Axis. The Axis powers included Japan, Germany, and Italy. The Axis nations were against the Allies. The Allies li included Great Britain and France. The United States joined the Allies. The Battle of Midway In June 1942, the Japanese attacked the U.S. base on Midway, a tiny Pacific island. A victory there would give the Japanese control over the Pacific. Then, they could attack the western United States. The Japanese counted on a surprise attack, but U.S. code breakers had discovered their plans. The United States forces readied their planes, fought back, and won the battle. #13088 (i4450) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials Attack on Pearl Harbor In June 1942, the Japanese attacked the U.S. base on Midway, a tiny Pacific island. A victory there would give the Japanese control over the Pacific so that they could attack the western United States. The Japanese counted on a surprise attack, but U.S. code breakers had discovered what the Japanese had planned. The U.S. forces readied their planes, fought back, and won the battle. tle. #13088 (i4450) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials World War II in the Pacific Out in the Pacific, Japan was getting strong, But the U.S. believed that their actions were wrong. In 1941, the Japanese attacked. The Pearl Harbor invasion made Americans fight back. The U.S. joined the Allies, but Japan wasn t done. They attacked Midway, but America won. We fought at Iwo Jima, got a base by Japan. We used our biggest weapon that was the plan. The atomic bomb finally ended the war. When Japan surrendered, there was no more. 9 126 #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials
Lesson Plan Reading the Text 1. Distribute copies of the appropriate leveled text to your students based on their reading abilities. The cards are differentiated with leveled texts written at various grade levels. 6.6 grade level 4.5 grade level 3.0 grade level 2.0 grade level 2. As a class, discuss the difference between the main idea of a text and the supporting details. Model this for students on the board. Tell students that they will be identifying the main idea and supporting details in the text that they will be reading. 3. Place students with partners who have the same leveled text, and have them read the text together. You may wish to play the audio of the text available on the audio CD (Track 18). Be sure to match the shape on the text to the shape on the audio CD. 4. Distribute copies of the World War II in the Pacific Graphic Organizer (pages 129 131) to students. Give above-grade-level students the triangle sheets, on-grade-level students the square sheets, and below-grade-level students the circle sheets. Have students review the directions. 5. Instruct students to read the text again and fill in their graphic organizers as they read. Encourage students to pause as they read to discuss the important details with their partners. Once the graphic organizers are completed, mix up the student groups into heterogeneous jigsaw groups. Have students share their main ideas and supporting details with their new groups. English Language Learners Graphic Organizer Connection Meet with your English language learners to read through the text the second time and to fill out the graphic organizers together. Explain the difference between main ideas and supporting details again. Help students highlight the main ideas and supporting details in the text and then record them on their graphic organizers. Teacher Created Materials #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century 127
Map Activity Student Response Sheet Americans or the Japanese? 134 #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials World War II in the Pacific Lesson Plan Assessing Their Understanding 1. Play the World War II in the Pacific rap (Track 17) again as a review. 2. Ask students to use both their vocabulary words and information from their graphic organizers to write acrostic poems. They should include at least three of the vocabulary words in their poems. Suggest using these key terms as the vertical word for their poems: Pacific, Iwo Jima, Japan, Allies, Midway, and Hiroshima. Remind students that this is a serious and somber topic and they should be respectful and mature when choosing words and phrases for their poems. Allow students to share their poems in small groups. 3. For an assessment, cut apart and distribute the World War II in the Pacific Assessment Questions (page 132). These are leveled questions. Give above-grade-level students the triangle questions, on-grade-level students the square questions, and below-grade-level students the circle questions. 4. A multiple-choice quiz is provided for further assessment (page 133). Interactive Whiteboard Activity Map Activity (Literacy skill: Prior knowledge and making connections) This activity is available in the interactive whiteboard file on the Teacher Resource CD (filename: TCM 20th Century). Choose the World War II in the Pacific lesson. Then select the activity. In this activity, students will make connections between the location of Pearl Harbor and Iwo Jima and the events that occurred there by placing flags on the correct locations on the map. Then students will touch or click on the flags to learn more about the people who lived there. Finally, they will answer a question by choosing between two images. This can be done as a whole-class activity, small-group activity, or individual activity. Have students record their answers on the Map Activity Student Response Sheet (page 134). World War II in the Pacific Student Reproducibles Directions: This sheet will be used with the interactive whiteboard activity. Circle and label Pearl Harbor and Iwo Jima on the map at the bottom of the page. Then, as you work through the activity on the interactive whiteboard, record your answers below. Question: This photo shows Pearl Harbor when it was under attack by the Japanese. Who would have taken this photo: the Americans or the Japanese? Question: Who would use the caves on this island as protection during this fight: the 128 #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials
Student Reproducibles World War II in the Pacific Graphic Organizer Directions: Write four main ideas from the text on the lines to the left below. Then, fill out the corresponding connected lines with supporting details. Main Idea s Main Idea s Main Idea s Main Idea s Teacher Created Materials #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century 129
Student Reproducibles World War II in the Pacific Graphic Organizer Directions: Fill in the wheel of information below. The main idea and one supporting detail are given to get you started. Small island that stood in the way of an attack on the Japanese mainland Main Idea: Iwo Jima 130 #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials
Student Reproducibles World War II in the Pacific Graphic Organizer Directions: Fill in the wheel of information below. The main idea and one supporting detail are given to get you started. Main Idea: Attack on Pearl Harbor U.S. naval base with most U.S. forces in the Pacific Teacher Created Materials #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century 131
Student Reproducibles World War II in the Pacific Assessment Questions World War II in the Pacific Directions: Answer the questions below on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor affect the world? 2. Describe how the Battle of Iwo Jima affected the outcome of World War II. 3. List three major events from World War II in the Pacific. Then, rate those events from one to three, stating which event was the most significant. Give reasons for your ratings. World War II in the Pacific Directions: Answer the questions below on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor affect the United States? 2. Explain the significance of the Battle of Iwo Jima. 3. What was the most significant event from World War II in the Pacific? Why do you feel this event was the most significant? World War II in the Pacific Directions: Answer the questions below on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Describe what happened at Pearl Harbor. 2. Why did the United States want to control Iwo Jima? 3. What were three main events from World War II in the Pacific? Give one detail for each event. 132 #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials
Student Reproducibles World War II in the Pacific Quiz Directions: Circle the best answer for each multiple-choice question. Write your response to the short-answer question on the back of this page or on another sheet of paper. 1. Japan needed oil and wanted to take over other nations in East Asia to get it. Where did Roosevelt station bomber planes to protect these nations? a. Guam b. Tahiti c. Philippines d. Hawaii 4. Why was the small island of Iwo Jima so important? a. The U.S. wanted this island to be a base for U.S. planes. b. It had natural resources the U.S. needed to win the war. c. The island produced food for the Japanese troops. d. It was near the Allied powers. 2. Why were the Japanese able to destroy Pearl Harbor? a. Pearl Harbor was landlocked. b. The Japanese had superior military capabilities. c. The Japanese used the blitzkrieg tactic. d. The Japanese were able to take the Americans by surprise. 5. How many people died as a result of the bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? a. 1,000,000 b. 1,100 c. 110,000 d. 70,000 3. How did the U.S. win the Battle of Midway? a. U.S. troops outnumbered the Japanese 10 men to one. b. U.S. code breakers discovered Japan s plans to attack. c. The U.S. was aided by Great Britain to defeat the Japanese. d. The U.S. had secret weapons. Short-Answer Question 6. What are two military events that you think were the most significant during World War II in the Pacific? Explain why you chose these events. Teacher Created Materials #13088 (i4448) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century 133
World War II in the Pacific In 1937, Japan invaded China. The United States felt this was wrong, and U.S. President Roosevelt told Japanese leaders that America would not sell them oil or steel. Since the Japanese needed oil to fight the war, they decided to conquer other nations in Asia to obtain it. To prevent this, Roosevelt stationed bomber planes in the Philippines, which are islands between Japan and the nations with the oil. The president also sent battleships to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. His actions frustrated the Japanese, and they decided to launch an attack on America. Surprise Attack! Early on Sunday, December 7, 1941, hundreds of planes waited on Japanese ships in the Pacific Ocean. They planned to bomb Pearl Harbor, a large naval base with the biggest group of U.S. forces in the Pacific. The Japanese planes began bombing just before 8:00 a.m. and caught the Americans completely off guard. In less than two hours, the Japanese had ruined 188 U.S. aircraft and 21 ships and killed more than 2,400 Americans. Attack on Pearl Harbor Japan saw its attack on Pearl Harbor as a success. On the same day, it also attacked the Philippines in an attempt to knock the United States out of the Pacific. The attack made Americans angry and determined. The next day, the United States and Great Britain declared war on Japan. Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. This happened because these nations were part of the Axis. The Axis powers included Japan, Germany, and Italy. The Axis nations were against the Allies. The Allies included Great Britain and France. The United States joined the Allies. The Battle of Midway In June 1942, the Japanese attacked the U.S. base on Midway, a tiny Pacific island. A victory there would give the Japanese control over the Pacific so that they could attack the western United States. The Japanese counted on a surprise attack, but U.S. code breakers had discovered what the Japanese had planned. The U.S. forces readied their planes, fought back, and won the battle. #13088 (i4450) Leveled Texts: The 20th Century Teacher Created Materials