For further information: Carol Courter / Release #6033. Online Job Ads Decreased 46,300 in August

News Release Follow The Conference Board For further information: Carol Courter 212-339-0232 / courter@conference-board.org Release #6033 For Immediate Release 10:00 AM ET, Wednesday, September 5, 2018 Most states showed small losses Most occupations showed losses over the month Online Job Ads Decreased 46,300 in August NEW YORK, September 5, 2018 Online advertised vacancies decreased 46,300 to 4,605,200 in August, according to The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine (HWOL) Data Series, released today. The July Supply/Demand rate stands at 1.35 unemployed workers for each advertised vacancy, with a total of 1.6 million more unemployed workers than the number of advertised vacancies. The number of unemployed workers was approximately 6.3 million in July. In the Professional occupational category, Healthcare practitioner ads decreased by 15,400, Education, training, and library ads decreased 14,500, and Business ads decreased 9,700. In the Services/Production occupational category, Transportation ads decreased 24,700, Production ads decreased 2,900, and Food preparation ads increased 3,300. NOTE: Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. 1

REGIONAL AND STATE HIGHLIGHTS Among the 20 largest States, 13 increased and 17 decreased Among the 50 States, 16 increased, 33 declined and 1 was constant Table A: State Labor Demand, Selected States, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Supply/ Total Ads 1 Change Demand Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 Jul-18 United States 4,605.2-46.3 1.35 NORTHEAST 877.7-18.2 1.67 Massachusetts 141.8-2.2 0.94 New Jersey 145.6-1.3 1.29 New York 259.7-13.5 1.54 Pennsylvania 205.1-1.3 1.29 SOUTH 1,527.3-6.2 1.95 Florida 238.1-0.8 1.60 Georgia 147.2 0.3 1.39 Maryland 95.4 1.3 1.47 North Carolina 130.6-4.0 1.51 Texas 316.6-0.5 1.73 Virginia 143.8-3.7 0.90 MIDWEST 1,020.2-21.2 1.59 Illinois 185.7-3.4 1.44 Michigan 135.1-1.1 1.56 Minnesota 128.0-2.8 0.71 Missouri 85.1-2.3 1.19 Ohio 152.5-5.0 1.68 Wisconsin 99.3-3.3 0.91 WEST 1,120.0-10.0 1.87 Arizona 93.8 1.3 1.68 California 518.9-11.2 1.52 Colorado 113.3-2.7 0.74 Washington 129.1-1.4 1.33 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. The release schedule, national historic table and technical notes to this series are available on The Conference Board website, http://www.conference-board.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. The historical series for the States and the 52 largest MSAs is available from Haver Analytics. The underlying data for The Conference Board HWOL is collected by Wanted Analytics, a CEB Company. 2

August Changes for States In August, online labor demand grew in 16 States, declined in 33 States, and 1 was constant. All four regions experienced decreases. The Northeast decreased 18,200 in August (Table A). New York decreased 13,500 to 259,700. Pennsylvania decreased 1,300 to 205,100. New Jersey decreased 1,300 to 145,600. Massachusetts decreased 2,200 to 141,800. In the smaller States, Connecticut decreased 3,400 to 58,100. New Hampshire increased 700 to 22,700 and Maine increased 500 to 17,400. Rhode Island increased 100 to 15,900 and Vermont decreased 500 to 11,200 (Table 3). The West decreased 10,000 in August. California decreased 11,200 to 518,900 and Colorado decreased 2,700 to 113,300. Washington decreased 1,400 to 129,100. Arizona increased 1,300 to 93,800. Among the smaller States in the West, Oregon increased 300 to 68,700. Utah decreased 1,400 to 46,600. Nevada increased 700 to 42,200. Idaho decreased 600 to 21,200 and New Mexico decreased 200 to 24,300. Montana grew 800 to 18,200 and Hawaii increased 200 to 20,000. The Midwest experienced a decrease of 21,200 in August. Ohio decreased 5,000 to 152,500 and Illinois decreased 3,400 to 185,700. Michigan decreased 1,100 to 135,100. Missouri decreased 2,300 to 85,100. Minnesota decreased 2,800 to 128,000 and Wisconsin decreased 3,300 to 99,300. Among the smaller States in the region, Indiana decreased 2,000 to 81,600 and Iowa decreased 1,100 to 56,000. Nebraska decreased 1,000 to 28,100 and South Dakota remained constant at 13,700. Kansas increased 1,100 to 38,700. The South decreased 6,200 in August. Among the larger States in the region, North Carolina decreased 4,000 to 130,600. Texas decreased 500 to 316,600. Florida decreased 800 to 238,100. Georgia increased 300 to 147,200. Virginia decreased 3,700 to 143,800. Maryland increased 1,300 to 95,400. Among the smaller States, Tennessee decreased 800 to 82,200 and South Carolina decreased 1,100 to 59,000. Alabama decreased 800 to 50,800. Kentucky decreased 1,400 to 45,000 and Oklahoma increased 300 to 40,300. Louisiana decreased 200 to 40,600 and Delaware decreased 800 to 16,500. Supply/Demand Rates: Help Wanted OnLine calculates Supply/Demand rates for the 50 States (Table 4). The data are for July 2018, the latest month for which State unemployment figures are available. There were 11 States in which the number of advertised vacancies exceeded the number of unemployed: North Dakota (0.63), Minnesota (0.71), Hawaii (0.72), Colorado (0.74), Iowa (0.77), Vermont (0.84), Virginia (0.90), Wisconsin (0.91), New Hampshire (0.93), Massachusetts (0.94), and Nebraska (0.99). The States with the highest Supply/Demand rates were Louisiana (2.58), Mississippi (2.21), and West Virginia (2.09), which had more than two unemployed workers for every job opening. Please note that the Supply/Demand rate only provides a measure of relative tightness of the individual State labor markets and does not suggest that the occupations of the unemployed directly align with the occupations of the advertised vacancies. 3

METRO AREA HIGHLIGHTS In August, 5 of the 20 largest metro areas rose and 15 declined Among the 52 metro areas, 14 increased, 37 declined and 1 was constant (Table 5) Table B: MSA Labor Demand, Selected MSA's, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Total Ads 1 Change (Thousands) (Thousands) Supply/ Demand Rate 2 Location Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 Jul-18 United States 4,605.2-46.3 1.35 NORTHEAST 877.7-18.2 1.67 Boston, MA 110.6-1.8 0.84 New York, NY 275.4-8.1 1.42 Philadelphia, PA 101.5-1.0 1.24 SOUTH 1,527.3-6.2 1.95 Atlanta, GA 100.0 1.2 1.11 Baltimore, MD 51.1 1.2 1.30 Dallas, TX 103.5 0.1 1.27 Houston, TX 67.6-0.1 2.06 Miami, FL 64.2-1.4 1.79 Washington, DC 144.8 0.7 0.80 MIDWEST 1,020.2-21.2 1.59 Chicago, IL 145.8-3.8 1.24 Cleveland, OH 28.4-1.3 1.76 Detroit, MI 64.6-0.5 1.41 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 91.3-1.3 0.56 WEST 1,120.0-10.0 1.87 Denver, CO 67.8-1.1 0.70 Los Angeles, CA 158.3-2.7 1.70 Phoenix, AZ 67.6 0.9 1.43 San Diego, CA 44.2-1.1 1.11 San Francisco, CA 108.0-5.1 0.59 San Jose, CA 55.0-3.0 0.48 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 86.0-0.2 0.91 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4

Metro Area Changes In August, labor demand rose in 14 metro areas, declined in 37, and 1 was constant. The MSAs with the largest changes in each of the regions were: Chicago (-3,800) and Minneapolis-St. Paul (-1,300) in the Midwest; San Francisco (-5,100) and San Jose (-3,000) in the West; Miami (-1,400) and Tampa (-1,400) in the South; and New York (-8,100) and Boston (-1,800) in the Northeast (See Table B and Table 5). The West decreased 10,000 in August. San Francisco decreased 5,100 to 108,000. Los Angeles decreased 2,700 to 158,300. Seattle-Tacoma fell 200 to 86,000 and Phoenix increased 900 to 67,600. Denver decreased 1,100 to 67,800 and San Jose fell 3,000 to 55,000. Riverside increased 200 to 31,800. Portland grew 200 to 42,100. Sacramento increased 200 at 25,600 and Salt Lake City decreased 700 to 24,600. Honolulu stayed constant at 13,100 and Las Vegas grew 300 to 26,500. The South decreased 6,200 in August. Miami decreased 1,400 to 64,200. Atlanta increased 1,200 to 100,000. Washington, DC increased 700 to 144,800 and Dallas increased 100 to 103,500. Houston decreased 100 to 67,600. Austin fell 800 to 38,600 and Orlando increased 600 to 36,500. Charlotte decreased 400 to 40,900. Tampa fell 1,400 to 39,400 and Baltimore increased 1,200 to 51,100. San Antonio decreased 600 to 26,300. Nashville decreased 600 to 36,500. New Orleans added 100 to 14,400 and Birmingham increased 300 to 14,100. Louisville decreased 200 to 16,400. The Northeast decreased 18,200 in August. New York decreased 8,100 to 275,400 and Pittsburgh decreased 1,300 to 42,900. Boston fell 1,800 to 110,600. Philadelphia decreased 1,000 to 101,500. Providence increased 100 to 20,400. Hartford fell 400 to 25,500 and Rochester decreased 1,700 to 11,900. Buffalo decreased 800 to 15,300. The Midwest experienced a decrease of 21,200 in August. Chicago decreased 3,800 to 145,800 and Detroit decreased 500 to 64,600. Minneapolis-St. Paul decreased 1,300 to 91,300 and St. Louis fell 1,000 to 45,600. Indianapolis decreased 100 to 31,100. Columbus decreased 800 to 33,000 and Cincinnati decreased 700 to 34,000. Kansas City decreased 900 to 37,900 and Cleveland decreased 1,300 to 28,400. Milwaukee decreased 800 to 30,500. The number of postings does not, however, tell the entire story. A crucial factor is how many unemployed people are seeking jobs and how much competition there is for the jobs that are available. The Conference Board HWOL s Supply/Demand rate relates the number of unemployed workers to the number of advertised vacancies. Based on July s data (the latest available unemployment data for metro areas), 12 major metro areas saw more job openings than unemployed workers: San Jose (S/D rate of 0.48), Minneapolis-St. Paul (0.56), San Francisco (0.59), Denver (0.70), Honolulu (0.71), Salt Lake City (0.79), Nashville (0.79), Washington, DC (0.80), Boston (0.84), Austin (0.85), Milwaukee (0.87), and Seattle-Tacoma (0.91) (Table 6). Other favorable markets for jobseekers included Richmond (1.00), Kansas City (1.00), and Hartford (1.00). In contrast, unemployed workers face great competition for each advertised position in Riverside (over 2 unemployed for every opening) as well as New Orleans and Houston (2 unemployed for every opening). In 49 of the 52 metro areas, however, there are now fewer than 2 unemployed per advertised opening. (See Table 6 for complete metro area Supply/Demand rates.) 5

OCCUPATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS In August, three of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases (Table C) Table C: U.S. Top Ten Demand Occupations and Pay Levels, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 2 SOC 1 Occupation Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 Jul-18 Jul-18 Wage 3 15 Computer and mathematical science 557.5-8.3 100.6 0.18 $43.18 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 505.7-15.4 99.2 0.19 $38.83 43 Office and administrative support 469.0-1.0 764.5 1.63 $18.24 41 Sales and related 444.8 2.6 638.2 1.44 $19.56 11 Management 422.3-8.6 358.3 0.83 $57.65 53 Transportation and material moving 324.1-24.7 445.5 1.28 $17.82 13 Business and financial operations 291.8-9.7 180.0 0.60 $36.70 35 Food preparation and serving related 224.2 3.3 546.6 2.47 $11.88 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 200.3 2.1 117.9 0.59 $23.02 17 Architecture and engineering 172.6-1.0 39.3 0.23 $41.44 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 3. BLS Occupational Employment Statistics - May 2017 estimates. Average Hourly Occupational Changes for the Month of August In August, all of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases. Healthcare practitioner ads decreased 15,400 to 505,700. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.19, i.e. 5 advertised openings per unemployed job seeker (see Table C and Table 7). Education, training, and library ads decreased 14,500 to 147,500. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.65, i.e. over 1 unemployed job seeker for every advertised available opening. Business and financial operations ads decreased 9,700 to 291,800. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.60, i.e. 1 advertised opening per unemployed job seeker. Transportation ads decreased 24,700 to 324,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.28, i.e. 1 unemployed job seeker for every advertised available opening. Food preparation and service increased 3,300 to 224,200. The supply/demand rate lies at 2.47 i.e. over 2 unemployed job seekers for every advertised available opening. Sales and related ads increased 2,600 to 444,800. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.44, i.e. over 1 unemployed job seeker for every advertised available opening. 6

PROGRAM NOTES Special Note Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. HWOL available on Haver Analytics Over 3,000 of the key HWOL press release time series are exclusively available on Haver Analytics. The available time series include the geographic and occupational series for levels and rates for both Total Ads and New Ads. In addition to the seasonally adjusted series, many of the unadjusted series are also available. The geographic detail includes: U.S., 9 Regions, 50 States, 52 MSAs (largest metro areas). The occupational detail includes: U.S. (2-digit SOC), States (1-digit SOC) and MSAs (1-digit SOC). For more information about the Help Wanted OnLine database delivered via Haver Analytics, please email sales@haver.com or navigate to http://www.haver.com/contact.html. For HWOL data for detailed geographic areas and occupations not in the press release, please contact Jeanne.Shu@conference-board.org. The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine Data Series (HWOL) measures the number of new, first-time online jobs and jobs reposted from the previous month for over 16,000 Internet job boards, corporate boards and smaller job sites that serve niche markets and smaller geographic areas. Like The Conference Board s long-running Help Wanted Advertising Index of print ads (which was published for over 55 years and discontinued in August 2008), the HWOL series measures help wanted advertising, i.e. labor demand. The HWOL data series began in May 2005. With the September 2008 release, HWOL began providing seasonally adjusted data for the U.S., the nine Census regions and the 50 States. Seasonally adjusted data for occupations were provided beginning with the May 2009 release, and seasonally adjusted data for the 52 largest metropolitan areas began with the February 2012 release. People using this data are urged to review the information on the database and methodology available on The Conference Board website and contact us with questions and comments. Background information and technical notes and discussion of revisions to the series are available at: http://www.conferenceboard.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. Additional information on the Bureau of Labor Statistics data used in this release can be found on the BLS website, www.bls.gov. The Conference Board The Conference Board is a global, independent business membership and research association working in the public interest. Our mission is unique: To provide the world s leading organizations with the practical knowledge they need to improve their performance and better serve society. The Conference Board is a non-advocacy, notfor-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States. 7

WANTED Analytics, a CEB Company WANTED is a leading supplier of real-time business intelligence solutions for the talent marketplace. Using technology to gather data from corporate career sites and online job boards, WANTED builds products to help our users make better human capital decisions faster. Users of our products include corporate human resources departments, market analysts and employment services firms as well as the federal, state and local labor market analysts that use HWOL. For more information, please visit: www.wantedanalytics.com. HAVER ANALYTICS Haver Analytics is the premier provider of time series data for the Global Strategy and Research community. Haver Analytics was founded in 1978 as a consulting firm and today provides the highest quality data and software for industry professionals. Haver provides products and services to clients in financial services, government, academia and various industry groups from consulting to manufacturing. From more information please see: http://www.haver.com/contact.html. Publication Schedule, Help Wanted OnLine Data Series Data for the Month Release Date September 2018 October 3, 2018 October 2018 October 31, 2018 November 2018 December 5, 2018 8

Table 1: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 United States 4,516.1 4,651.5 4,605.2-46.3 1,896.0 1,893.2 1,738.7-154.5 New England 265.4 271.0 268.9-2.2 105.1 105.5 98.4-7.0 Middle Atlantic 608.6 624.9 608.8-16.1 253.8 254.1 226.9-27.2 South Atlantic 872.3 898.4 894.7-3.7 361.6 371.0 334.6-36.4 East North Central 646.6 669.1 655.6-13.6 254.3 256.6 227.4-29.2 East South Central 190.2 207.8 205.2-2.5 75.5 76.0 69.8-6.1 West North Central 350.3 372.3 364.6-7.7 140.1 139.8 131.0-8.8 West South Central 405.7 427.3 427.4 0.1 168.9 171.0 160.3-10.8 Mountain 364.3 369.2 370.4 1.2 158.8 153.5 146.5-7.0 Pacific 766.6 760.8 749.6-11.1 359.1 343.4 321.8-21.6 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. M-O-M Change (Thousands) 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 2: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads Rates, Seasonally Adjusted Location 2 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 United States 2.81 2.87 2.84 1.18 1.17 1.07 New England 3.35 3.36 3.34 1.33 1.31 1.22 Middle Atlantic 2.94 3.04 2.97 1.23 1.24 1.11 South Atlantic 2.75 2.81 2.80 1.14 1.16 1.05 East North Central 2.73 2.82 2.76 1.07 1.08 0.96 East South Central 2.18 2.36 2.33 0.87 0.86 0.79 West North Central 3.14 3.32 3.25 1.26 1.25 1.17 West South Central 2.15 2.23 2.23 0.90 0.89 0.84 Mountain 3.05 3.04 3.05 1.33 1.26 1.21 Pacific 2.92 2.90 2.85 1.37 1.31 1.22 2. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total Ads Rate 1 New Ads Rate 1 (Percent) (Percent) 1. Ads rates are calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ads rates represent the number of ads per 100 participants in the civilian labor force. 9

Table 3: State Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 United States 4,516.1 4,651.5 4,605.2-46.3 1,896.0 1,893.2 1,738.7-154.5 Alabama 47.5 51.5 50.8-0.8 18.4 17.9 16.8-1.1 Alaska 13.3 13.2 13.7 0.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 0.2 Arizona 89.4 92.4 93.8 1.3 39.7 40.3 38.6-1.7 Arkansas 26.4 29.1 29.2 0.1 10.1 10.0 10.0 0.0 California 524.4 530.1 518.9-11.2 247.3 237.9 218.5-19.3 Colorado 111.5 116.0 113.3-2.7 51.5 50.3 46.8-3.5 Connecticut 66.1 61.6 58.1-3.4 24.5 22.3 19.0-3.3 Delaware 15.4 17.3 16.5-0.8 5.8 6.0 5.6-0.4 Florida 234.1 238.9 238.1-0.8 109.3 111.2 102.0-9.2 Georgia 141.7 146.9 147.2 0.3 54.9 59.0 51.6-7.4 Hawaii 19.1 19.9 20.0 0.2 9.8 9.3 9.5 0.2 Idaho 21.7 21.8 21.2-0.6 9.6 8.9 8.4-0.5 Illinois 173.4 189.1 185.7-3.4 66.1 72.1 63.8-8.2 Indiana 79.0 83.7 81.6-2.0 30.4 31.2 26.6-4.5 Iowa 55.7 57.1 56.0-1.1 20.6 20.6 19.3-1.3 Kansas 37.5 37.6 38.7 1.1 14.2 13.6 12.5-1.0 Kentucky 41.0 46.4 45.0-1.4 16.3 16.3 15.2-1.2 Louisiana 38.5 40.8 40.6-0.2 15.4 15.4 14.3-1.1 Maine 17.6 17.0 17.4 0.5 7.0 6.6 6.3-0.3 Maryland 95.5 94.1 95.4 1.3 35.7 34.1 31.9-2.2 Massachusetts 132.8 144.0 141.8-2.2 52.7 57.1 53.2-4.0 Michigan 134.3 136.2 135.1-1.1 53.6 53.6 48.3-5.4 Minnesota 127.0 130.8 128.0-2.8 50.9 50.3 46.8-3.5 Mississippi 25.3 27.6 27.7 0.1 9.2 9.4 8.9-0.6 Missouri 77.6 87.4 85.1-2.3 32.6 35.5 31.5-4.1 Montana 19.2 17.4 18.2 0.8 7.9 6.5 7.3 0.8 Nebraska 27.1 29.2 28.1-1.0 10.7 10.8 9.8-1.0 Nevada 44.0 41.5 42.2 0.7 19.9 18.3 17.4-0.9 New Hampshire 22.6 22.1 22.7 0.7 9.2 8.6 8.7 0.0 New Jersey 144.0 147.0 145.6-1.3 60.2 61.0 55.4-5.6 New Mexico 23.6 24.4 24.3-0.2 9.2 9.0 8.7-0.2 New York 273.5 273.2 259.7-13.5 119.9 113.2 100.6-12.6 North Carolina 125.0 134.6 130.6-4.0 53.0 54.9 50.2-4.7 North Dakota 15.1 16.8 16.3-0.5 6.0 6.1 5.6-0.5 Ohio 158.7 157.5 152.5-5.0 64.7 62.8 54.9-7.9 Oklahoma 37.7 39.9 40.3 0.3 15.1 15.3 13.6-1.7 Oregon 69.4 68.4 68.7 0.3 36.1 32.9 33.2 0.3 Pennsylvania 192.9 206.4 205.1-1.3 73.3 79.6 70.7-8.9 Rhode Island 14.5 15.8 15.9 0.1 6.5 6.3 6.3 0.0 South Carolina 57.5 60.1 59.0-1.1 23.4 25.3 21.5-3.8 South Dakota 11.5 13.8 13.7 0.0 4.3 4.7 4.8 0.1 Tennessee 76.6 82.9 82.2-0.8 31.6 32.7 29.0-3.7 Texas 302.4 317.2 316.6-0.5 128.1 130.1 122.3-7.9 Utah 44.8 48.0 46.6-1.4 17.9 17.7 16.0-1.8 Vermont 10.4 11.7 11.2-0.5 4.6 4.9 4.2-0.7 Virginia 145.3 147.5 143.8-3.7 57.2 55.2 47.2-8.0 Washington 141.2 130.5 129.1-1.4 60.0 57.2 54.3-2.9 West Virginia 19.0 20.1 19.4-0.7 7.7 7.0 6.6-0.4 Wisconsin 100.1 102.5 99.3-3.3 40.4 37.7 34.4-3.3 Wyoming 8.1 8.7 9.1 0.4 3.0 3.0 3.2 0.2 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. M-O-M Change M-O-M Change 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 10

Table 4: State Labor Supply/Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads Rate 1 Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ (Percent) Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Jul-18 Jul-18 Jul-18 Jul-18 United States 2.81 2.87 2.84 3.9 6,280.00 4,651.5 1.35 Alabama 2.19 2.35 2.31 4.1 90.99 51.5 1.77 Alaska 3.67 3.68 3.82 6.9 24.92 13.2 1.88 Arizona 2.69 2.74 2.78 4.6 155.51 92.4 1.68 Arkansas 1.95 2.16 2.16 3.7 49.55 29.1 1.70 California 2.71 2.74 2.68 4.2 807.42 530.1 1.52 Colorado 3.70 3.76 3.67 2.8 85.51 116.0 0.74 Connecticut 3.45 3.24 3.06 4.4 82.77 61.6 1.34 Delaware 3.22 3.56 3.40 3.9 18.88 17.3 1.09 Florida 2.31 2.33 2.32 3.7 382.55 238.9 1.60 Georgia 2.79 2.85 2.85 3.9 203.78 146.9 1.39 Hawaii 2.79 2.89 2.91 2.1 14.35 19.9 0.72 Idaho 2.59 2.55 2.48 2.9 24.60 21.8 1.13 Illinois 2.67 2.91 2.86 4.2 272.23 189.1 1.44 Indiana 2.38 2.47 2.41 3.4 115.20 83.7 1.38 Iowa 3.32 3.39 3.33 2.6 43.96 57.1 0.77 Kansas 2.54 2.54 2.62 3.4 49.89 37.6 1.33 Kentucky 1.99 2.24 2.17 4.3 89.84 46.4 1.94 Louisiana 1.82 1.91 1.90 4.9 105.04 40.8 2.58 Maine 2.51 2.41 2.47 3.0 21.49 17.0 1.27 Maryland 2.96 2.91 2.95 4.3 138.08 94.1 1.47 Massachusetts 3.63 3.80 3.75 3.6 135.78 144.0 0.94 Michigan 2.75 2.77 2.75 4.3 211.98 136.2 1.56 Minnesota 4.14 4.20 4.11 3.0 93.02 130.8 0.71 Mississippi 1.98 2.15 2.16 4.8 61.07 27.6 2.21 Missouri 2.54 2.85 2.78 3.4 104.14 87.4 1.19 Montana 3.65 3.32 3.48 3.7 19.42 17.4 1.12 Nebraska 2.69 2.87 2.77 2.9 29.00 29.2 0.99 Nevada 3.00 2.77 2.82 4.6 68.40 41.5 1.65 New Hampshire 3.02 2.91 3.00 2.7 20.41 22.1 0.93 New Jersey 3.19 3.28 3.25 4.2 189.71 147.0 1.29 New Mexico 2.54 2.60 2.58 4.7 44.29 24.4 1.81 New York 2.81 2.82 2.68 4.3 419.76 273.2 1.54 North Carolina 2.52 2.69 2.61 4.1 203.41 134.6 1.51 North Dakota 3.64 4.12 3.99 2.6 10.63 16.8 0.63 Ohio 2.74 2.71 2.63 4.6 265.23 157.5 1.68 Oklahoma 2.05 2.14 2.16 3.8 70.38 39.9 1.76 Oregon 3.28 3.23 3.25 3.9 82.42 68.4 1.20 Pennsylvania 3.00 3.24 3.22 4.2 267.02 206.4 1.29 Rhode Island 2.62 2.81 2.83 4.1 23.29 15.8 1.47 South Carolina 2.48 2.60 2.55 3.6 82.33 60.1 1.37 South Dakota 2.52 3.00 2.99 3.1 14.37 13.8 1.04 Tennessee 2.39 2.55 2.52 3.5 115.33 82.9 1.39 Texas 2.23 2.29 2.29 4.0 547.74 317.2 1.73 Utah 2.86 3.01 2.93 3.1 48.74 48.0 1.02 Vermont 3.01 3.37 3.21 2.8 9.85 11.7 0.84 Virginia 3.36 3.39 3.30 3.1 133.35 147.5 0.90 Washington 3.77 3.47 3.43 4.6 173.58 130.5 1.33 West Virginia 2.44 2.57 2.47 5.4 42.14 20.1 2.09 Wisconsin 3.17 3.22 3.12 2.9 92.93 102.5 0.91 Wyoming 2.78 3.04 3.17 3.8 10.98 8.7 1.26 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ad rates represent the number of ads per 100 persons in the civilian labor force. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Statistics and Local Area Unemployment Statistics programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 11

Table 5: MSA Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 Birmingham, AL 13.4 13.7 14.1 0.3 5.5 4.9 4.8-0.1 Phoenix, AZ 62.4 66.7 67.6 0.9 28.5 29.7 28.1-1.6 Tucson, AZ 11.5 11.7 11.4-0.3 4.7 5.0 4.4-0.6 Los Angeles, CA 159.2 161.0 158.3-2.7 76.8 75.3 66.9-8.4 Riverside, CA 31.2 31.6 31.8 0.2 14.9 14.4 13.6-0.8 Sacramento, CA 27.6 25.3 25.6 0.2 13.4 12.0 11.7-0.3 San Diego, CA 45.5 45.3 44.2-1.1 22.6 21.8 20.9-0.9 San Francisco, CA 102.5 113.1 108.0-5.1 47.4 46.4 42.0-4.4 San Jose, CA 54.0 58.0 55.0-3.0 22.4 22.8 20.3-2.5 Denver, CO 64.6 68.9 67.8-1.1 29.3 30.3 27.8-2.5 Hartford, CT 26.0 25.9 25.5-0.4 9.5 9.9 8.8-1.2 Washington, DC 137.4 144.0 144.8 0.7 52.7 55.1 50.8-4.2 Jacksonville, FL 18.5 18.3 17.9-0.4 8.7 8.6 7.5-1.0 Miami, FL 62.9 65.6 64.2-1.4 30.0 31.7 28.0-3.7 Orlando, FL 33.0 35.9 36.5 0.6 14.9 15.8 15.2-0.6 Tampa, FL 40.4 40.8 39.4-1.4 18.8 18.8 17.0-1.8 Atlanta, GA 94.4 98.9 100.0 1.2 35.9 40.2 35.1-5.1 Honolulu, HI 13.0 13.0 13.1 0.0 7.0 6.3 6.4 0.1 Chicago, IL 136.4 149.5 145.8-3.8 52.1 57.1 49.7-7.4 Indianapolis, IN 30.4 31.2 31.1-0.1 11.9 12.3 11.0-1.2 Louisville, KY 16.7 16.6 16.4-0.2 6.7 6.4 5.6-0.8 New Orleans, LA 14.2 14.3 14.4 0.1 5.8 5.7 5.4-0.3 Baltimore, MD 50.8 50.0 51.1 1.2 18.9 18.5 17.5-1.0 Boston, MA 101.7 112.5 110.6-1.8 40.6 45.1 40.8-4.3 Detroit, MI 64.7 65.0 64.6-0.5 25.0 25.7 22.7-2.9 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 88.4 92.6 91.3-1.3 36.8 37.2 35.0-2.2 Kansas City, MO 35.0 38.8 37.9-0.9 14.2 15.7 13.5-2.2 St. Louis, MO 39.8 46.6 45.6-1.0 15.6 18.7 16.2-2.5 Las Vegas, NV 27.8 26.3 26.5 0.3 12.6 11.8 10.8-1.1 Buffalo, NY 16.1 16.1 15.3-0.8 6.8 6.9 6.1-0.8 New York, NY 277.1 283.5 275.4-8.1 120.4 118.1 105.4-12.7 Rochester, NY 13.4 13.7 11.9-1.7 5.6 5.2 4.6-0.6 Charlotte, NC 41.2 41.3 40.9-0.4 17.5 17.2 16.0-1.2 Cincinnati, OH 34.0 34.7 34.0-0.7 13.7 13.8 12.3-1.6 Cleveland, OH 29.4 29.7 28.4-1.3 11.7 11.4 9.8-1.6 Columbus, OH 34.6 33.8 33.0-0.8 14.7 14.9 12.8-2.1 Oklahoma City, OK 16.3 17.8 17.7-0.2 6.5 7.0 6.0-1.0 Portland, OR 43.6 41.9 42.1 0.2 22.5 19.8 19.9 0.1 Philadelphia, PA 92.9 102.6 101.5-1.0 35.3 40.1 35.2-4.9 Pittsburgh, PA 39.4 44.3 42.9-1.3 14.7 16.6 14.6-2.0 Providence, RI 19.1 20.3 20.4 0.1 8.4 8.1 8.2 0.0 Memphis, TN 14.8 16.3 16.3-0.1 5.8 6.3 5.6-0.7 Nashville, TN 32.4 37.0 36.5-0.6 13.4 15.3 12.9-2.4 Austin, TX 36.7 39.4 38.6-0.8 17.3 16.9 16.0-0.9 Dallas, TX 101.6 103.4 103.5 0.1 41.7 43.2 39.3-3.9 Houston, TX 60.6 67.7 67.6-0.1 26.3 28.4 26.8-1.6 San Antonio, TX 27.0 26.9 26.3-0.6 11.4 11.5 10.5-1.0 Salt Lake City, UT 23.7 25.3 24.6-0.7 9.6 9.6 8.6-1.0 Richmond, VA 20.4 20.8 21.0 0.2 8.8 8.9 8.1-0.9 Virginia Beach, VA 22.1 21.4 20.8-0.5 9.3 8.9 7.4-1.5 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 93.8 86.2 86.0-0.2 38.2 37.5 35.2-2.3 Milwaukee, WI 32.1 31.3 30.5-0.8 12.4 11.8 10.7-1.1 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Metropolitan areas use the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions. M-O-M Change (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) 12

Table 6: MSA Labor Supply /Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location 4 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Jul-18 Jul-18 Jul-18 Jul-18 Birmingham, AL 2.50 2.52 2.58 3.6 19.9 13.7 1.45 Phoenix, AZ 2.69 2.83 2.87 4.1 95.6 66.7 1.43 Tucson, AZ 2.41 2.41 2.36 4.2 20.4 11.7 1.75 Los Angeles, CA 2.35 2.38 2.34 4.0 274.0 161.0 1.70 Riverside, CA 1.54 1.55 1.56 4.0 81.1 31.6 2.57 Sacramento, CA 2.54 2.34 2.36 3.6 39.4 25.3 1.56 San Diego, CA 2.87 2.86 2.79 3.2 50.1 45.3 1.11 San Francisco, CA 3.98 4.39 4.19 2.6 67.1 113.1 0.59 San Jose, CA 5.02 5.33 5.06 2.6 27.8 58.0 0.48 Denver, CO 4.04 4.18 4.11 2.9 48.1 68.9 0.70 Hartford, CT 4.16 4.15 4.09 4.2 26.0 25.9 1.00 Washington, DC 4.04 4.20 4.22 3.4 115.6 144.0 0.80 Jacksonville, FL 2.42 2.34 2.29 3.4 26.8 18.3 1.46 Miami, FL 2.00 2.07 2.03 3.7 117.4 65.6 1.79 Orlando, FL 2.53 2.66 2.70 3.3 44.8 35.9 1.25 Tampa, FL 2.67 2.65 2.56 3.5 54.1 40.8 1.32 Atlanta, GA 3.10 3.18 3.22 3.5 109.4 98.9 1.11 Honolulu, HI 2.76 2.77 2.78 2.0 9.2 13.0 0.71 Chicago, IL 2.77 3.07 2.99 3.8 185.8 149.5 1.24 Indianapolis, IN 2.91 2.91 2.90 3.3 35.5 31.2 1.14 Louisville, KY 2.51 2.48 2.45 4.1 27.2 16.6 1.63 New Orleans, LA 2.39 2.36 2.37 4.9 29.7 14.3 2.07 Baltimore, MD 3.37 3.30 3.38 4.3 65.1 50.0 1.30 Boston, MA 3.77 3.98 3.91 3.3 94.3 112.5 0.84 Detroit, MI 3.06 3.07 3.05 4.3 91.8 65.0 1.41 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 4.42 4.59 4.52 2.5 51.5 92.6 0.56 Kansas City, MO 3.09 3.39 3.31 3.4 38.6 38.8 1.00 St. Louis, MO 2.73 3.15 3.08 3.4 49.9 46.6 1.07 Las Vegas, NV 2.58 2.37 2.40 4.5 49.7 26.3 1.89 Buffalo, NY 2.93 2.93 2.79 4.5 24.7 16.1 1.54 New York, NY 2.73 2.81 2.73 4.0 403.8 283.5 1.42 Rochester, NY 2.56 2.60 2.28 4.2 22.1 13.7 1.62 Charlotte, NC 3.11 3.08 3.04 3.5 47.5 41.3 1.15 Cincinnati, OH 3.06 3.08 3.02 4.1 46.7 34.7 1.35 Cleveland, OH 2.85 2.88 2.75 5.1 52.3 29.7 1.76 Columbus, OH 3.19 3.11 3.04 4.0 43.0 33.8 1.27 Oklahoma City, OK 2.42 2.59 2.56 3.3 22.5 17.8 1.26 Portland, OR 3.30 3.17 3.19 3.6 48.0 41.9 1.15 Philadelphia, PA 3.00 3.31 3.27 4.1 127.6 102.6 1.24 Pittsburgh, PA 3.28 3.71 3.60 4.0 47.5 44.3 1.07 Providence, RI 2.79 2.89 2.91 4.0 27.9 20.3 1.38 Memphis, TN 2.34 2.53 2.52 4.4 28.7 16.3 1.76 Nashville, TN 3.17 3.56 3.51 2.8 29.3 37.0 0.79 Austin, TX 3.17 3.32 3.26 2.8 33.4 39.4 0.85 Dallas, TX 2.67 2.65 2.65 3.4 131.1 103.4 1.27 Houston, TX 1.82 1.99 1.99 4.1 139.7 67.7 2.06 San Antonio, TX 2.31 2.28 2.23 3.2 37.2 26.9 1.39 Salt Lake City, UT 3.61 3.78 3.67 3.0 20.1 25.3 0.79 Richmond, VA 3.00 3.02 3.05 3.0 20.8 20.8 1.00 Virginia Beach, VA 2.60 2.49 2.43 3.2 27.0 21.4 1.26 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 4.52 4.09 4.08 3.7 78.4 86.2 0.91 Milwaukee, WI 3.84 3.74 3.65 3.2 27.1 31.3 0.87 Total Ads Rate 1 (Percent) 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPS and LAUS programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4. The Conference Board uses the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions for its data whereas the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses the OMB alternative NECTA (New England City and Town Areas) MSA definition. This will result in small comparison differences for some metropolitan areas in New England states. 13

Table 7: National Labor Supply/Labor Demand by Occupation 1, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed 4 Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 5 SOC 2 Occupation 3 Aug-17 Jul-18 Aug-18 Aug-Jul 18 Jul-18 Jul-18 Wage 6 Total 4,516.1 4,651.5 4,605.2-46.3 6,280.0 1.35 $24.34 11 Management 398.2 431.0 422.3-8.6 358.3 0.83 $57.65 13 Business and financial operations 281.8 301.4 291.8-9.7 180.0 0.60 $36.70 15 Computer and mathematical science 501.6 565.8 557.5-8.3 100.6 0.18 $43.18 17 Architecture and engineering 140.9 173.5 172.6-1.0 39.3 0.23 $41.44 19 Life, physical, and social science 59.2 66.9 70.3 3.4 21.7 0.32 $35.76 21 Community and social services 90.4 94.4 91.3-3.2 65.8 0.70 $23.10 23 Legal 21.4 25.4 25.1-0.2 29.8 1.18 $51.62 25 Education, training, and library 158.2 161.9 147.5-14.5 267.1 1.65 $26.67 27 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 93.1 92.5 91.3-1.1 105.5 1.14 $28.34 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 600.4 521.1 505.7-15.4 99.2 0.19 $38.83 31 Healthcare support 112.3 107.5 107.2-0.3 159.0 1.48 $15.05 33 Protective service 54.5 65.9 67.0 1.1 97.2 1.48 $22.69 35 Food preparation and serving related 216.3 220.9 224.2 3.3 546.6 2.47 $11.88 37 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 95.1 91.6 90.9-0.7 384.4 4.20 $13.91 39 Personal care and service 53.5 48.2 46.7-1.6 311.7 6.46 $13.11 41 Sales and related 428.5 442.2 444.8 2.6 638.2 1.44 $19.56 43 Office and administrative support 456.5 470.0 469.0-1.0 764.5 1.63 $18.24 45 Farming, fishing, and forestry 7.6 7.7 7.7-0.1 129.6 16.75 $13.87 47 Construction and extraction 106.5 98.2 97.0-1.3 460.3 4.69 $24.01 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 186.2 198.1 200.3 2.1 117.9 0.59 $23.02 51 Production 130.4 140.5 137.6-2.9 339.4 2.42 $18.30 53 Transportation and material moving 305.9 348.8 324.1-24.7 445.5 1.28 $17.82 1. All ads are coded to the 6-digit SOC level. 2. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 3. Occupational categories use the 2010 OMB Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC definitions). 4. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey and seasonally adjusted by The Conference Board. 5. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 6. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program's May 2017 estimates. (Thousands) Average Hourly 14

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Aug-18 Wage 2 Aug-18 Wage 2 Aug-18 Wage 2 United States 753,041 $47.04 1,753,911 $34.74 574,909 $14.03 Alabama 5,829 $43.67 17,855 $31.26 5,812 $11.77 Alaska 1,721 $46.02 6,013 $37.70 1,834 $17.13 Arizona 13,836 $41.29 34,056 $33.15 12,461 $14.24 Arkansas 3,807 $36.98 9,913 $27.52 3,144 $10.21 California 96,165 $51.64 207,540 $40.56 72,089 $15.88 Colorado 17,754 $46.73 42,964 $36.28 17,779 $14.59 Connecticut 11,207 $54.76 24,650 $38.05 5,485 $10.86 Delaware 3,569 $49.02 6,400 $24.31 1,555 $13.90 Florida 32,972 $42.07 77,223 $31.49 35,256 $13.56 Georgia 25,546 $45.49 55,367 $32.26 15,884 $12.20 Hawaii 2,569 $42.66 5,307 $31.05 4,947 $17.85 Idaho 2,574 $35.80 7,494 $28.23 2,844 $12.41 Illinois 36,956 $46.34 70,503 $34.18 21,320 $14.50 Indiana 10,047 $39.11 29,092 $30.14 10,966 $12.30 Iowa 6,903 $39.65 17,958 $29.45 7,089 $10.72 Kansas 5,421 $40.88 14,202 $28.65 4,603 $12.34 Kentucky 5,477 $38.10 15,570 $29.36 5,581 $12.00 Louisiana 5,061 $38.60 13,750 $28.03 5,020 $11.43 Maine 2,164 $39.95 7,103 $30.74 2,575 $13.56 Maryland 15,717 $50.07 44,939 $38.80 9,756 $14.93 Massachusetts 29,388 $53.81 63,422 $39.42 15,272 $16.81 Michigan 17,667 $44.45 51,823 $33.08 17,452 $13.14 Minnesota 20,083 $45.77 48,873 $34.72 17,255 $14.35 Mississippi 3,135 $35.80 7,785 $26.91 3,584 $11.33 Missouri 12,658 $42.01 32,777 $30.78 10,835 $12.46 Montana 1,881 $35.39 6,212 $27.36 3,137 $12.86 Nebraska 4,101 $39.24 9,795 $30.16 3,412 $13.31 Nevada 5,896 $43.99 14,882 $33.69 7,136 $14.25 New Hampshire 2,956 $47.04 8,528 $34.85 2,831 $14.26 New Jersey 29,451 $22.15 58,039 $38.02 14,793 $15.78 New Mexico 3,004 $39.22 11,043 $32.77 2,811 $12.52 New York 59,521 $58.44 99,509 $38.94 30,557 $16.18 North Carolina 21,553 $46.61 52,532 $31.87 15,645 $12.30 North Dakota 1,940 $40.04 6,265 $29.72 1,552 $14.42 Ohio 20,566 $42.44 52,369 $32.38 18,577 $12.94 Oklahoma 4,570 $39.44 13,599 $28.25 4,807 $12.11 Oregon 9,352 $43.47 26,133 $35.33 10,234 $14.78 Pennsylvania 31,640 $46.39 74,390 $33.19 26,369 $13.45 Rhode Island 2,943 $49.01 6,194 $36.27 1,947 $14.98 South Carolina 7,380 $40.00 21,286 $30.17 7,437 $11.85 South Dakota 1,928 $38.05 4,643 $27.22 1,752 $12.35 Tennessee 11,730 $40.26 27,276 $29.88 11,201 $12.17 Texas 51,477 $47.94 114,454 $27.92 36,863 $13.01 Utah 5,907 $39.18 16,044 $30.98 5,927 $12.68 Vermont 1,493 $38.99 4,565 $30.86 1,944 $15.32 Virginia 25,669 $50.30 71,535 $37.29 14,651 $13.84 Washington 22,530 $47.78 52,589 $38.40 16,818 $16.64 West Virginia 2,038 $36.73 7,528 $28.15 2,376 $11.94 Wisconsin 12,491 $41.28 32,289 $31.06 13,110 $13.00 Wyoming 1,219 $42.06 3,271 $27.79 839 $13.88 1. The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 15

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Aug-18 Wage 1 Aug-18 Wage 1 Aug-18 Wage 1 United States 963,058 $18.77 338,272 $23.14 495,210 $18.05 Alabama 11,123 $16.40 5,082 $20.85 8,232 $16.29 Alaska 2,693 $20.03 1,274 $30.69 1,079 $25.22 Arizona 20,254 $17.79 7,647 $21.05 8,033 $17.97 Arkansas 6,378 $15.87 2,499 $18.97 4,965 $16.00 California 109,428 $20.43 28,251 $24.42 37,824 $18.35 Colorado 24,527 $20.34 10,793 $23.30 10,682 $19.44 Connecticut 11,193 $21.66 3,141 $26.72 5,391 $19.96 Delaware 3,083 $18.48 1,129 $24.01 1,576 $17.08 Florida 56,608 $17.41 23,381 $19.52 19,199 $16.70 Georgia 29,919 $17.47 10,901 $20.77 17,777 $16.60 Hawaii 5,379 $18.53 1,634 $29.71 1,488 $21.79 Idaho 4,872 $16.43 2,635 $20.00 2,986 $16.94 Illinois 39,453 $19.07 9,775 $27.17 20,084 $18.15 Indiana 17,901 $17.33 6,247 $22.44 13,029 $17.57 Iowa 11,907 $17.28 5,828 $21.81 9,720 $17.65 Kansas 8,489 $17.26 2,983 $21.73 5,176 $18.51 Kentucky 10,562 $16.24 3,301 $21.77 7,605 $17.77 Louisiana 9,868 $15.46 4,342 $21.44 4,967 $19.34 Maine 3,693 $16.92 1,293 $20.87 2,037 $17.71 Maryland 17,431 $19.71 5,868 $24.21 6,742 $19.11 Massachusetts 26,411 $21.83 7,075 $28.13 9,969 $19.48 Michigan 29,055 $18.16 10,077 $12.83 16,471 $11.59 Minnesota 26,289 $19.98 8,285 $25.70 15,413 $19.02 Mississippi 6,373 $14.89 2,745 $19.62 5,307 $16.17 Missouri 18,622 $17.32 5,996 $23.28 10,818 $17.40 Montana 3,827 $16.52 2,396 $22.69 2,591 $18.78 Nebraska 6,112 $17.32 3,039 $21.32 4,030 $18.11 Nevada 9,676 $17.27 3,383 $24.23 3,818 $17.96 New Hampshire 5,478 $19.11 1,718 $23.54 3,229 $18.30 New Jersey 30,460 $20.44 8,408 $27.02 14,270 $18.22 New Mexico 4,530 $16.15 2,051 $20.72 2,375 $17.61 New York 53,320 $22.30 14,126 $28.14 18,448 $19.62 North Carolina 24,736 $17.84 10,834 $20.40 14,446 $16.15 North Dakota 3,135 $18.45 1,993 $25.70 2,432 $21.36 Ohio 33,527 $17.98 11,904 $22.63 22,895 $17.61 Oklahoma 9,382 $16.76 4,234 $21.02 6,263 $17.59 Oregon 14,542 $18.53 6,001 $23.59 8,046 $18.40 Pennsylvania 42,431 $18.57 14,646 $23.37 26,481 $18.04 Rhode Island 3,046 $20.19 1,016 $24.88 1,948 $17.76 South Carolina 12,734 $16.24 6,776 $20.13 7,820 $17.11 South Dakota 2,931 $16.25 1,307 $20.00 1,938 $16.31 Tennessee 18,859 $17.18 6,618 $20.59 11,398 $16.66 Texas 69,517 $18.63 27,744 $21.31 34,399 $18.65 Utah 10,777 $17.27 3,811 $21.54 6,686 $17.67 Vermont 2,091 $18.79 1,011 $21.92 1,451 $18.52 Virginia 24,397 $18.60 8,572 $22.47 9,616 $18.16 Washington 26,188 $20.67 10,251 $26.44 12,491 $21.33 West Virginia 4,194 $15.01 1,760 $21.46 3,119 $17.60 Wisconsin 21,220 $18.14 7,624 $23.59 18,756 $17.94 Wyoming 1,648 $17.33 1,141 $25.38 1,281 $23.20 1. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 16

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Aug-18 Wage 2* Aug-18 Wage 2* Aug-18 Wage 2* United States 753,041 $47.04 1,753,911 $34.74 574,909 $14.03 Birmingham, AL 1,748 $45.16 4,571 $33.49 1,901 $12.39 Phoenix, AZ 11,160 $42.25 23,273 $33.95 8,673 $14.17 Tucson, AZ 1,448 $38.52 4,767 $32.59 1,681 $14.20 Los Angeles, CA 30,586 $50.66 56,134 $35.88 24,618 $15.58 Riverside, CA 3,526 $43.69 9,585 $35.17 5,198 $14.76 Sacramento, CA 3,976 $43.61 9,656 $38.66 3,417 $13.46 San Diego, CA 7,025 $49.12 17,593 $39.67 7,176 $15.80 San Francisco, CA 28,327 $59.23 46,041 $45.98 12,417 $17.47 San Jose, CA 11,828 $63.84 30,964 $50.62 4,721 $16.81 Denver, CO 12,828 $48.29 25,880 $38.30 9,599 $14.68 Hartford, CT 5,060 $50.93 11,092 $38.38 1,894 $15.81 Washington, DC 33,048 $56.10 73,230 $44.74 13,657 $16.22 Jacksonville, FL 2,633 $41.69 5,832 $31.26 2,659 $13.21 Miami, FL 10,461 $44.84 18,447 $32.19 9,997 $14.10 Orlando, FL 5,689 $41.85 12,166 $32.86 5,300 $13.28 Tampa, FL 6,500 $41.82 14,056 $31.69 5,011 $13.41 Atlanta, GA 20,703 $48.14 38,638 $34.32 9,455 $12.51 Honolulu, HI 1,973 $43.32 3,562 $34.79 2,749 $15.68 Chicago, IL 32,316 $48.00 54,750 $35.32 17,437 $14.74 Indianapolis, IN 4,840 $41.22 10,710 $33.11 3,746 $12.71 Louisville, KY 2,239 $40.02 5,414 $31.46 2,150 $12.46 New Orleans, LA 1,835 $39.85 5,072 $30.18 2,474 $11.73 Baltimore, MD 8,036 $48.71 24,342 $38.11 5,439 $14.79 Boston, MA 25,827 $55.91 49,079 $40.40 11,084 $17.13 Detroit, MI 9,613 $47.67 26,686 $35.38 7,806 $13.20 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 16,889 $47.89 35,046 $35.99 11,660 $14.64 Kansas City, MO 5,719 $43.87 13,993 $32.18 5,176 $13.16 St. Louis, MO 7,895 $44.97 18,934 $26.35 5,362 $12.98 Las Vegas, NV 3,999 $44.20 9,599 $33.93 4,444 $14.52 Buffalo, NY 2,405 $44.64 5,109 $31.81 1,980 $12.00 New York, NY 70,038 $61.08 108,328 $39.05 29,062 $16.51 Rochester, NY 1,545 $46.41 4,542 $31.52 1,600 $14.50 Charlotte, NC 8,993 $48.72 15,702 $33.46 4,033 $12.52 Cincinnati, OH 4,989 $44.02 11,659 $33.26 4,393 $10.81 Cleveland, OH 4,397 $43.66 9,631 $32.42 3,602 $13.36 Columbus, OH 5,420 $43.26 11,675 $34.62 3,305 $13.54 Oklahoma City, OK 2,436 $40.41 6,141 $29.78 2,145 $12.72 Portland, OR 6,907 $46.37 15,342 $37.31 6,097 $15.14 Philadelphia, PA 19,999 $50.81 38,824 $36.55 11,860 $14.40 Pittsburgh, PA 7,122 $44.95 15,071 $32.46 5,579 $13.00 Providence, RI 3,473 $47.78 7,927 $36.05 2,576 $15.02 Memphis, TN 2,689 $41.45 5,005 $31.15 1,698 $12.62 Nashville, TN 6,088 $42.08 12,621 $31.48 5,242 $12.46 Austin, TX 7,238 $45.86 16,481 $30.79 4,504 $13.75 Dallas, TX 20,104 $49.27 38,694 $35.87 10,467 $13.40 Houston, TX 12,459 $53.06 22,803 $38.26 7,995 $13.32 San Antonio, TX 3,958 $44.19 9,170 $32.89 3,587 $12.96 Salt Lake City, UT 3,943 $41.22 8,973 $33.11 2,624 $13.06 Richmond, VA 3,601 $45.21 9,309 $33.79 2,050 $13.29 Virginia Beach, VA 2,906 $43.58 8,650 $33.47 2,667 $13.15 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 17,288 $50.41 35,248 $42.09 10,650 $17.37 Milwaukee, WI 4,752 $45.17 11,113 $32.94 3,705 $13.01 1.The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 17

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Aug-18 Wage 2* Aug-18 Wage 2* Aug-18 Wage 2* United States 963,058 $18.77 338,272 $23.14 495,210 $18.05 Birmingham, AL 3,525 $18.33 1,411 $21.93 2,114 $16.29 Phoenix, AZ 15,381 $18.39 5,242 $21.65 5,672 $18.27 Tucson, AZ 2,410 $16.18 1,072 $20.28 795 $16.91 Los Angeles, CA 36,479 $20.34 7,914 $26.11 11,306 $17.46 Riverside, CA 8,224 $10.84 2,401 $24.45 4,450 $17.43 Sacramento, CA 6,117 $19.36 2,026 $25.87 2,250 $18.04 San Diego, CA 10,000 $19.80 3,013 $25.44 2,895 $17.85 San Francisco, CA 20,323 $23.88 3,832 $31.01 4,809 $21.98 San Jose, CA 7,537 $24.57 1,636 $29.53 1,818 $21.02 Denver, CO 14,742 $21.62 5,761 $24.08 5,589 $20.22 Hartford, CT 4,640 $21.42 1,380 $26.58 2,205 $19.82 Washington, DC 21,409 $21.48 6,155 $25.26 5,287 $20.36 Jacksonville, FL 3,949 $17.90 2,166 $19.93 1,827 $17.65 Miami, FL 17,815 $18.21 4,766 $20.39 4,249 $15.76 Orlando, FL 8,450 $17.06 3,379 $19.73 2,794 $16.28 Tampa, FL 9,053 $17.71 3,785 $19.43 3,167 $16.31 Atlanta, GA 20,213 $18.66 6,341 $21.93 9,231 $17.30 Honolulu, HI 3,683 $18.76 1,096 $30.44 971 $23.03 Chicago, IL 31,540 $19.79 6,744 $28.40 14,208 $18.15 Indianapolis, IN 7,164 $18.91 2,408 $22.85 4,266 $17.17 Louisville, KY 4,011 $17.38 1,315 $22.49 2,411 $18.64 New Orleans, LA 3,482 $16.12 1,247 $21.31 1,146 $19.79 Baltimore, MD 9,481 $19.84 3,338 $23.89 3,364 $19.42 Boston, MA 20,932 $22.65 4,919 $28.80 6,446 $19.83 Detroit, MI 12,950 $19.16 4,282 $24.76 6,707 $19.14 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 19,538 $21.24 5,192 $27.19 9,183 $19.46 Kansas City, MO 8,729 $18.49 2,437 $24.09 4,831 $18.50 St. Louis, MO 9,876 $18.52 2,758 $25.56 4,209 $18.40 Las Vegas, NV 6,282 $17.14 1,887 $24.04 1,700 $17.80 Buffalo, NY 3,755 $18.42 1,189 $23.63 2,094 $18.25 New York, NY 56,421 $22.92 12,147 $29.48 16,917 $19.55 Rochester, NY 2,556 $18.76 1,077 $22.79 1,581 $17.87 Charlotte, NC 7,509 $19.60 3,109 $21.39 4,141 $17.22 Cincinnati, OH 7,635 $18.94 2,360 $22.75 4,455 $18.00 Cleveland, OH 6,624 $19.01 2,218 $23.95 3,619 $17.95 Columbus, OH 7,137 $18.50 2,468 $22.42 4,068 $17.21 Oklahoma City, OK 4,126 $17.76 1,818 $21.53 2,165 $17.09 Portland, OR 9,274 $19.81 3,360 $25.48 4,819 $19.28 Philadelphia, PA 21,244 $20.34 5,872 $26.02 8,718 $18.53 Pittsburgh, PA 9,559 $18.23 3,209 $23.60 4,934 $18.17 Providence, RI 4,321 $19.50 1,481 $25.12 2,465 $17.71 Memphis, TN 3,561 $17.78 1,267 $20.53 2,635 $16.28 Nashville, TN 8,251 $18.45 2,758 $21.49 3,761 $17.34 Austin, TX 7,890 $20.36 2,702 $20.58 2,273 $16.82 Dallas, TX 22,465 $19.76 7,113 $21.43 10,140 $17.44 Houston, TX 15,376 $19.73 5,849 $22.92 6,930 $20.32 San Antonio, TX 5,632 $17.64 2,658 $20.15 2,919 $17.05 Salt Lake City, UT 5,732 $18.36 1,838 $22.29 2,929 $17.93 Richmond, VA 4,138 $18.66 1,657 $22.06 1,636 $17.02 Virginia Beach, VA 4,711 $16.91 2,150 $21.98 1,694 $18.62 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 17,271 $22.11 5,733 $28.20 7,647 $22.73 Milwaukee, WI 6,382 $19.89 1,992 $25.42 4,009 $18.21 1. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 18

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