By Mariah Simplicio
} Industrialization and Technology A shift from mainly agricultural farming of cotton to manufacturing and a commercial economy occurred. By 1860 around 40% of the Northern population was still engaged in agriculture, while 84% of the South relied farming. This manufacturing shift allowed the North to produce 3,200 firearms for every100 produced in the South. The invention of the railroad, steamboat, telegraph, and steam-powered printing press also affected society
} The Emancipation Proclamation Issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863 This proclaimed that all slaves, even in those of the South, were now free. Freed 3 to 4 million slaves Further allowed African- Americans to enlist into the Union army
} Political Changes 1864 Elections Lincoln, republican, running against General George McClellan, a democrat Democrats insisted on peace between the North and the South, so McClellan pointed out the wrongdoings of President Lincoln, questioning his strategy, and handling of the war. The capturing of Atlanta boosted Northern morale and Lincoln won the election } Women Roles As most men were needed for the war, women had to resume their husbands roles. Head of the household Farms Managed their slaves if they owned any Some even became field workers
} Enlistment Procedures Due to the fact that the North outnumbered the South, they needed much more men to enlist into the army. Thus resulting in the Conscription Acts: Required all men in the South between the ages of 20 to 45 to enlist in the Confederate army If you did not wish to enlist, a $300 fee had to be payed, or find a substitute draftee.
} Role of Women The role of women in the South was different as opposed to the role of the women in the North Women were also known as southern belles and raised on pedistals. When men left for war they also had to resume their duties but in the South they had more of a variety of job opportunities such as: Factory workers Military Spies and Nurses This shift in jobs changed their role as women in society forever
} Rural to urban Although a good majority of the Southern land were farms, the blockades by the Union attacked their farming lands. The lack of food for the civilians and armies influenced on a new period of urbanization The need to produce ammunition and arms increased and more industrial jobs became available. Cities grew dramatically and a shift from rural to urban occurred This shift also resulted in the land and slaves becoming secondary issues to the necessities of the war.
} Social status The Old Southern ways called for aristocratic Confederates to hold high offices in the military. Due to poor execution and death the positions of these jobs became more available to a variety of different people. } Churches Once used for purely worship and fellowship Became a place to volunteer action and create Confederate propaganda.
} Ideology of Slavery General Patrick Cleburne s Memorial changed the whole South s idea on the idea of slavery Proposed to enlist slaves as rebel soldiers as exchange for their freedom, at a secret meeting This help in the military would ensure a Southern win. Although it proposition failed it influenced the Southern states in considering the idea to free the slaves.
Ideology and results: } Southern states rejected the idea of a national/central government This lead to the fragmented and in cohesiveness of their battle strategies. } Instead of nationalism, they focused on the state and peoples rights Created the sense that individualism, or every man for himself was the only way that they could gain independence
} The Confederacy had a lack of central coordination, Resulted in the Southerners reacting in battles because of a lack of planning. Also led to sectionalized battles } Also shared the southern gentlemen persona with chivalry being a part of their ideology Their pride and manhood created a sense
} Political Ideology: The Confederates did not have formal political parties This was due to the erosion of the the two party system in the 1850s and the need for a united from in times of war and emergencies } Social Ideology: The Southern states had an agrarian society with distinct classes and ideology in each. There was the Aristocratic planter class Farmer class Slave class o Within each class were the distinct roles of each person in those classes including men, women, and slaves.
} Economical Ideology The South was an agricultural society before the war, this was because of their rich land. Industrialization occurred when the North attacked their farms, causing them to shift from agriculture to manufacturing arms and bullets
} Shmoop Editorial Team. "Politics in The Civil War." Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. } McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford UP, 1988. Print. } Beck, Tim. The Confederate Nation Versus The Antebellum South. 22 Jul. 2007. 14 Sept 2014. Print. } Beck, Tim. Confederate Ideology and the War. 22 Jul. 2007. 14 Sept. 2014. Print.