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USAF has released additional information about the Persian Gulf War, which opened five years ago this month. More Data From Desert PERATION Desert Storm Obegan on January 17, 1991, led off by a ferocious USAF-led air campaign that would soon prove unprecedented in intensity, precision, and lethality. Rarely, if ever, had so many air forces and aircraft worked together so well and with such telling effect. Success in the air came swiftly. After ten days, Army Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, theater commander, claimed air supremacy for the US-led multinational coalition. The coalition had averaged 2,500 sorties per day. They had eliminated Saddam Hussein s Iraqi Air Force as a combat entity. Relentless allied air attacks had destroyed or severely damaged most of Iraq s primary command, control, and communications facilities and air defense systems. Much of the aggressor s military infrastructure was in shambles, and the Iraqi armed forces had sustained severe attrition. Coalition ground forces on February 24 launched a 100- hour assault that finished the job of ejecting Iraqi troops from Kuwait. On February 27, 1991, President George Bush declared Kuwait liberated and ordered a cessation of hostilities on February 28. The following data were derived from The Persian Gulf War: An Air Staff Chronology of Desert Shield/Desert Storm. It was compiled by Capt. Steven B. Michael, USAF, for the Center for Air Force History (now the Air Force History Support Office) in Washington and was recently declassified. Combat Camera photo by SrA. Andrew N. Dunaway II 62

On the Eve of War January 16, 1991 USAF Aircraft Deployed in the Theater Storm Combat Number Support Number A/OA-10... 144 C-20... 1 AC-130... 4 C-21... 8 B-52... 20 C-130... 128 EC-130 (Compass Call)... 5 E-3 AWACS... 10 EC-130 (Volant Solo)... 2 E-8 Joint STARS... 2 EF-111... 18 EC-130E... 6 F-4G... 48 HC-130... 4 F-15... 96 KC-10... 30 F-15E... 48 KC-135... 194 F-16... 210 MC-130... 4 F-111... 64 MH-53... 8 F-117... 36 MH-60... 8... RC-135... 6... RF-4C... 18... TR-1... 4... U-2... 5 Total...695 Total... 436 Allied Aircraft Deployed in the Theater Nation Number Combat Aircraft Types The US, Belgium, Bahrain 24 F-5 (12), F-16 (12) Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands deployed Britain 79 Tornado (68), Jaguar (11) additional aircraft Canada 18 CF-18 to Turkey after the war Egypt 32 F-4 was under way. The US Navy and Marine Corps France 41 Mirage F1 (25), Mirage 2000 (8), Jaguar (8) maintained considerable Italy 8 Tornado aviation forces at sea. Kuwait 40 A-4 (20), Mirage F1 (15), Hawk (5) Oman 44 Jaguar (22), Strikemaster (12), Hunter (10) Qatar 21 Mirage F1 (12), Alpha Jet (6), Hunter (3) Saudi Arabia 278 F-5 (85), F-15 (82), Tornado (49), Strikemaster (32), Hawk (30) United Arab Emirates 53 Mirage 2000 (25), Mirage III (14), Mirage 5 (14) Total 638 The First Day USAF Sorties, January 17 Mission Type Number Offensive counterair... 337 Defensive counterair... 116 Interdiction... 381 Close air support... 47 Tanker refueling... 286 Intratheater airlift... 36 Other support... 188 Total... 1,391 Other US and Coalition Component Number US Navy... 415 US Marine Corps... 169 US Allies... 413 Total... 997 63

January 17 February 28, 1991 Iraqi Air Order of Battle Fixed-Wing Combat Helicopters, Misc. Total Aircraft Starting Air Order of Battle 831 484 1,315 Confirmed combat losses 106 52 158 Confirmed fled to Iran 112 26 138 Estimated losses in shelters 141 0 141 Estimated aircraft remaining 472 406 878 Percent of initial AOB remaining 56 83 66 Iraqi Ground Warfare Equipment and Combat Losses in the Theater Original Inventory Destroyed, Captured Percent Remaining Tanks 4,550 3,956 13 Armored vehicles 2,880 2,166 25 Artillery pieces 3,257 3,092 5 The Buildup August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait on August 2, 1990. On August 7, President Bush ordered US military forces to deploy to Saudi Arabia. Thirty-four hours after the order, on August 8, a squadron of twenty-four USAF F-15s from the 71st Tactical Fighter Squadron, Langley AFB, Va., landed in Dhahran and began combat air patrol. By month s end, USAF s force had swelled to 322 warplanes, and Saddam Hussein had lost his chance to seize Saudi Arabia s oil fields. USAF s Rapid Deployment of Combat Aircraft Combat Type Aug. 7 Aug. 8 Aug. 12 Aug. 16 Aug. 20 Aug. 24 Aug. 28 Aug. 31 A-10... 24... 46...48... 72 B-52... 20... 20... 20... 20... 20 EC-130... 3... 3... 5... 8 EF-111... 10... 10 F-4G... 20... 20... 24... 24 F-15... 24... 45... 46... 48... 48... 48... 58 F-15E... 19... 22... 24... 24... 24... 24 F-16... 44... 44... 46... 46... 46... 70 F-111... 18... 18 F-117... 18... 18... 18 Total... 0... 24... 108... 132... 185... 225... 261... 322 Support Aircraft Rush to the Gulf In the critical first month of August 1990, the Air Force sent nearly 200 support aircraft to the Gulf, providing mobility, surveillance, reconnaissance, and communications for the growing combat force. 64 Support Type Aug. 7 Aug. 8 Aug. 12 Aug. 16 Aug. 20 Aug. 24 Aug. 28 Aug. 31 C-20... 1... 1 C-21... 3... 4... 4 C-130... 16... 31... 48... 51... 61... 70 E-3 AWACS... 5... 5... 5... 5... 5... 5... 5 EC-130E... 6 HC-130... 4... 4... 4 KC-10... 10 KC-135... 2... 16... 54... 57... 68... 78... 79 MC-130... 2... 4... 4 MH-53... 4... 4... 4... 4... 4 RC-135... 3... 3... 3... 3... 4... 4 RF-4C... 6... 6 TR-1... 2... 2... 2 U-2... 2... 2... 2... 2 Total... 0... 7... 50... 97... 119... 144... 175... 191

Desert Storm Wartime Sorties Buildup and Drawdown of US Forces 3,500 1990 91 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Jan. 17... 2,388 Jan. 18... 2,200 Jan. 19... 1,875 Jan. 20... 1,842 Jan. 21... 1,907 Jan. 22... 1,982 Jan. 23... 2,424 Jan. 24... 2,811 Jan. 25... 2,407 Jan. 26... 2,672 Jan. 27... 2,263 Jan. 28... 2,523 Jan. 29... 2,555 Jan. 30... 2,312 Jan. 31... 2,406 Feb. 1... 2,431 Feb. 2... 2,417 Feb. 3... 2,635 Feb. 4... 2,705 Feb. 5... 2,760 Feb. 6... 2,460 Feb. 7... 2,584 Feb. 8... 2,591 Feb. 9... 2,633 Coalition Air Forces USAF Daily sorties, Jan. 17 Feb. 28, 1991 Total, Coalition Air Forces Feb. 10... 2,695 Feb. 11... 2,583 Feb. 12... 2,621 Feb. 13... 2,702 Feb. 14... 2,576 Feb. 15... 2,769 Feb. 16... 2,378 Feb. 17... 2,143 Feb. 18... 2,957 Feb. 19... 2,882 Feb. 20... 2,385 Feb. 21... 2,627 Feb. 22... 2,906 Feb. 23... 3,041 Feb. 24... 3,062 Feb. 25... 2,881 Feb. 26... 3,159 Feb. 27... 2,940 Feb. 28... 992 Total... 108,082 USAF accounted for 65,581 sorties, or 60.7 percent of the coalition total. Date All Services USAF Aug. 10, 1990... 25,317... 6,143 Aug. 21, 1990... 52,836... 12,284 Sept. 3, 1990... 103,446... 23,489 Sept. 13, 1990... 153,113... 29,900 Oct. 10, 1990... 200,079... 32,333 Nov. 9, 1990... 235,904... 30,991 Dec. 5, 1990... 252,131... 32,043 Dec. 22, 1990... 300,264... 35,724 Jan. 6, 1991... 358,326... 41,995 Jan. 17, 1991... 454,128... 48,679 Jan. 30, 1991... 501,600... 51,876 Feb. 24, 1991... 536,687... 54,615 Mar. 2, 1991... 540,748... 54,706 Mar. 13, 1991... 503,380... 48,296 Mar. 20, 1991... 452,195... 39,463 Mar. 27, 1991... 403,063... 28,006 Apr. 4, 1991... 350,352... 23,078 Apr. 12, 1991... 300,113... 18,928 Apr. 21, 1991... 256,370... 16,212 Apr. 30, 1991... 197,315... 14,877 May 10, 1991... 148,669... 14,054 May 20, 1991... 92,159... 10,552 May 28, 1991... 75,463... 8,875 June 6, 1991... 64,913... 7,441 65

USAF Airlift Strategic Airlift Missions by Aircraft Type Month C-5 C-141 KC-10 CRAF C-9 Total Aug. 1990 415 1,041 17 195 0 1,668 Sept. 1990 510 952 89 322 0 1,873 Oct. 1990 440 676 57 246 0 1,419 Nov. 1990 426 729 48 269 0 1,472 Dec. 1990 567 1,391 118 606 0 2,682 Jan. 1991 699 1,666 50 720 73 3,208 Feb. 1991 552 1,560 0 757 126 2,995 Mar. 1991 161 294 0 194 10 659 Total 3,770 8,309 379 3,309 209 15,976 USAF military and Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) commercial long-range airlifters transported 500,720 passengers, or ninety-nine percent of total transported personnel. These aircraft hauled 542,759 short tons of cargo, or fourteen percent of the total. Tactical Airlift Role of C-130s, 1990 91 Operational Measure Quantity Cargo tons carried... 174,000+ Flying hours completed... 76,000+ Missions flown... 13,900+ Passengers carried... 242,000+ Sorties flown... 47,600+ Coalition Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses Combat Only Type USAF USN USMC Allies Total A-4... 1... 1 A-6... 3... 3 A/OA-10... 6... 6 AC-130... 1... 1 AV-8... 5... 5 EF-111... 1... 1 F-4G... 1... 1 F-5... 1... 1 F-14... 1... 1 F-15E... 2... 2 F-16... 3... 3 F/A-18... 2... 2 OV-10... 2... 2 Tornado... 9... 9 Total... 14... 6... 7... 11... 38 The Air Force apparently lost no aircraft in airto-air combat. Figures for this table were supplied by the Air Force History Support Office from an unclassified version of the USAF Gulf War Airpower Survey. 66 Iraqi Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses Air Combat Only On In Aircraft Air-to-Air Ground Shelters Total An-2... 1...... 1 Il-76... 3...... 3 MiG-21... 4... 9...... 13 MiG-23... 9... 8...... 17 MiG-25... 2... 5...... 7 MiG-29... 6... 3...... 9 Mirage F1... 9... 1...... 10 Su-17/22... 3... 11...... 14 Su-25... 2... 2...... 4 Tu-16... 6...... 6 Tu-22... 1...... 1 Unidentified... 6...... 6 Totals... 35... 56... 141... 232 In Shelters total is an estimate. Totals do not include Iraqi aircraft captured or destroyed by ground forces, noncombat losses, or those flown to Iran.

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