GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 13-1 The Two Sides Directions: Answering Questions Reading the section and answering the questions below will help you learn more about the Union and the Confederacy and their preparation for war. Refer to your textbook to answer the questions. 1. Which four states joined the Confederacy when President Lincoln issued a call to save the Union? 2. What city did the Confederacy choose as its capital? 3. Which four Union states allowed slavery? 4. What advantage did the North have that helped it to raise money for the war? 5. Which side had the advantage of fighting in familiar territory? 6. Who was the president of the Confederacy? 7. What was the main goal of the North in the beginning of the Civil War? 8. What was the primary aim of the war for the South? 9. What was the average age of the soldiers in the Civil War? 10. By what name were the Confederate soldiers known? 1
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 13-2 Early Years of the War Directions: Outlining Reading the section and completing the outline below will help you learn more about the early battles of the Civil War. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks. I. The First Battle A. During the First Battle of, inexperienced Union troops attacked a smaller Confederate force. B. Confederate soldiers, under the command of, caused the Union forces to retreat. C. As a result, Lincoln issued a call for more for the army. II. War at Sea A. President Lincoln ordered a of Southern ports. B. To defeat the blockade, Confederates responded by rebuilding the, first of the ironclad warships. C. The Union built its own ironclad, the. III. War in the West A. General Grant s early victories helped secure the River. B. Union forces won victories at, Mississippi, and Memphis, Tennessee. C. Under David Farragut, Union naval forces captured, Louisiana. D. The combined victories gave the Union control of most of the River. IV. War in the East A. In the East the Union army was led by. B. led Confederate forces against the Union. C. A victory at the Second Battle of Bull Run left Confederate forces just 20 miles from. D. The Battle at was the single bloodiest day of the war. 2
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 13-3 A Call to Freedom Directions: Reading for Accuracy Reading the section and completing the activity below will help you learn more about the emancipation of African Americans and their participation in the war effort. Use your textbook to decide if a statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank, and if a statement is false, rewrite it correctly on the line. 1. The Emancipation Proclamation was signed on January 1, 1863. 2. Lincoln was reluctant to move against slavery because he did not want to alienate the Deep South states. 3. In 1861 and 1862, Congress passed laws that freed enslaved people who were held by those active in the rebellion. 4. Lincoln feared that declaring slavery illegal would encourage France and Britain to support the South. 5. Lincoln believed that it was important for Congress to make the decision to end slavery. 6. The Emancipation Proclamation applied only to areas controlled by the Confederacy. 7. The Fourteenth Amendment abolished slavery. 8. By the end of the war, about one-half of the enslaved population of the South had fled to areas controlled by Union armies. 9. African Americans from the South often proved useful as guides and spies because of their knowledge of the area. 10. African American soldiers were integrated into the Union army. 3
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 13-4 Life During the Civil War Directions: Answering Questions Reading the section and answering the questions below will help you learn more about life during the Civil War. Refer to your textbook to answer the questions. 1. About how many Union and Confederate soldiers deserted their armies? 2. What did Rebel soldiers lack that hindered them on and off the battlefields? 3. What happened to those in the South who lived in the paths of marching armies? 4. Which spy informed Confederate generals of Union army movements in the Shenandoah Valley? 5. Why did doctors initially not want women nurses? 6. What was the nickname given to the Peace Democrats, and why? 7. What did the Confederate Congress pass in April 1862 to deal with declining enlistments in the army? 8. What two ways could a person in the North avoid the draft? 9. Why is the Civil War called the first modern war? 10. Whose economy suffered more in the war? 4
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 13-5 The Way to Victory Directions: Reading for Accuracy Reading the section and completing the activity below will help you learn more about the events leading to the end of the Civil War. Use your textbook to decide if a statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank, and if a statement is false, rewrite it correctly on the line. 1. The Confederate forces won the battle at Chancellorsville. 2. The Battle of Gettysburg lasted three days. 3. The last attack of the Battle of Gettysburg is known as Pickett s Charge. 4. With the surrender of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, the Union held the entire Mississippi River. 5. The South s war strategy was called the Anaconda Plan. 6. Following Sherman s victory at Chattanooga, Lincoln named him commander of the Union armies. 7. Sherman s army marched through Georgia to capture Atlanta. 8. The fall of Atlanta doomed Lincoln s presidential hopes in the election of 1864. 9. On April 9, 1865, Grant surrendered to Lee in Appomattox Court House. 10. One consequence of the war was that the federal government was weakened and became less powerful than the state governments. 5