For further information: Carol Courter / Release #5980. Online Job Ads Increased 81,500 in October

News Release Follow The Conference Board For further information: Carol Courter 212-339-0232 / courter@conference-board.org Release #5980 For Immediate Release 10:00 AM ET, Wednesday, November 1, 2017 Online Job Ads Increased 81,500 in October All four regions experienced gains led by the South Most occupations showed gains over the month NEW YORK, November 1, 2017 Online advertised vacancies increased 81,500 to 4,563,800 in October, according to The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine (HWOL) Data Series, released today. The September Supply/Demand rate stands at 1.52 unemployed for each advertised vacancy, with a total of 2.3 million more unemployed workers than the number of advertised vacancies. The number of unemployed was approximately 6.8 million in September. The Professional occupational category saw gains in Management (8.5) and Business and Financial (6.7). The Services/Production occupational category saw gains in Transportation (32.1), Office and Administrative Support (15.7), and Food Preparation and Serving (11.0). NOTE: Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. 1

REGIONAL AND STATE HIGHLIGHTS Among the largest States, 18 increased and 2 decreased Among the 50 States, 40 increased, 8 declined and 2 were constant Table A: State Labor Demand, Selected States, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Supply/ Total Ads 1 Change Demand Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 Sep-17 United States 4,563.8 81.5 1.52 NORTHEAST 888.1 13.8 1.71 Massachusetts 135.1 1.5 1.07 New Jersey 148.1 2.5 1.46 New York 280.4 5.5 1.72 Pennsylvania 195.6 3.0 1.61 SOUTH 1,473.3 46.3 2.10 Florida 240.3 19.2 1.73 Georgia 141.7 3.1 1.63 Maryland 93.3-0.4 1.31 North Carolina 128.1 1.2 1.58 Texas 313.4 13.2 1.80 Virginia 140.5 0.7 1.15 MIDWEST 1,014.5 25.1 1.67 Illinois 179.6 6.4 1.86 Michigan 135.1 2.8 1.58 Minnesota 133.4 3.8 0.87 Missouri 85.9 4.2 1.42 Ohio 160.9 6.8 1.98 Wisconsin 98.6 0.8 1.12 WEST 1,136.9 7.0 1.87 Arizona 88.0 0.8 1.80 California 531.2 10.7 1.89 Colorado 116.6 1.3 0.66 Washington 138.8-7.9 1.17 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 3. Recent trend is The Conference Board Economists' indication of the direction of the overall trend in online job demand from the date indicated (month/year). The release schedule, national historic table and technical notes to this series are available on The Conference Board web site, http://www.conference-board.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. The historical series for the States and the 52 largest MSAs is available from Haver Analytics. The underlying data for The Conference Board HWOL is collected by Wanted Analytics, a CEB Company. 2

October Changes for States In October, online labor demand grew in 40 States, declined in 8 States, and was constant in 2 States. All four regions experienced increases. The Midwest experienced an increase of 25,100 in October (Table A). Missouri increased 4,200 to 85,900 and Ohio increased 6,800 to 160,900. Illinois grew 6,400 to 179,600 and Michigan increased 2,800 to 135,100. Minnesota increased 3,800 to 133,400 and Wisconsin increased 800 to 98,600. Among the smaller States in the region, Indiana increased 2,000 to 77,600 and Iowa increased 800 to 54,500. Nebraska grew 400 to 28,000 and South Dakota increased 700 to 11,700. Kansas increased 800 to 34,200 (Table 3). The Northeast increased 13,800 in October. New York increased 5,500 to 280,400. Pennsylvania increased 3,000 to 195,600. New Jersey increased 2,500 to 148,100. Massachusetts increased 1,500 to 135,100. In the smaller States, Connecticut increased 700 to 66,100. Maine decreased 100 to 16,200 and New Hampshire increased 400 to 22,700. Rhode Island increased 100 to 14,000 and Vermont fell 200 to 9,800. The West increased 7,000 in October. California increased 10,700 to 531,200 and Washington decreased 7,900 to 138,800. Colorado increased 1,300 to 116,600. Arizona increased 800 to 88,000. Among the smaller States in the West, Oregon increased 700 to 71,200. Utah decreased 100 to 45,600. Nevada decreased 800 to 42,800. Idaho fell 400 to 18,500 and New Mexico increased 200 to 23,700. Montana grew 100 to 18,900 and Hawaii increased 600 to 19,900. The South increased 46,300 in October. Among the larger States in the region, Florida increased 19,200 to 240,300. Texas increased 13,200 to 313,400. North Carolina increased 1,200 to 128,100. Virginia grew 700 to 140,500. Georgia increased 3,100 to 141,700. Maryland decreased 400 to 93,300. Among the smaller States, Tennessee decreased 900 to 75,100 and South Carolina increased 2,000 to 57,200. Alabama grew 1,000 to 47,100. Kentucky increased 100 to 40,700 and Oklahoma increased 300 to 34,000. Louisiana increased 1,800 to 38,100 and Delaware increased 200 to 14,500. Supply/Demand Rates: Help Wanted OnLine calculates Supply/Demand rates for the 50 States (Table 4). The data are for September 2017, the latest month for which State unemployment figures are available. There were 5 States in which the number of advertised vacancies exceeded the number of unemployed: Colorado (0.66), North Dakota (0.68), Minnesota (0.87), Hawaii (0.88) and New Hampshire (0.90). The States with the highest Supply/Demand rates were Louisiana (2.91), Mississippi (2.68), and Kentucky (2.63) which had more than two unemployed workers for every job opening. Please note that the Supply/Demand rate only provides a measure of relative tightness of the individual State labor markets and does not suggest that the occupations of the unemployed directly align with the occupations of the advertised vacancies. 2

METRO AREA HIGHLIGHTS In October, 19 of the 20 largest metro areas rose and 1 declined Among the 52 metro areas, 45 rose, 4 declined, and 3 were constant (Table 5) Table B: MSA Labor Demand, Selected MSA's, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Total Ads 1 Change (Thousands) (Thousands) Supply/ Demand Rate 2 Location Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 Aug-17 United States 4,563.8 81.5 1.52 NORTHEAST 888.1 13.8 1.71 Boston, MA 105.2 2.8 0.97 New York, NY 288.6 7.6 1.71 Philadelphia, PA 95.3 2.6 1.63 SOUTH 1,473.3 46.3 2.10 Atlanta, GA 96.0 3.7 1.44 Baltimore, MD 50.0 0.7 1.24 Dallas, TX 104.9 2.6 1.35 Houston, TX 64.3 6.0 2.66 Miami, FL 63.4 6.2 2.05 Washington, DC 140.3 3.7 0.91 MIDWEST 1,014.5 25.1 1.67 Chicago, IL 143.5 6.8 1.80 Cleveland, OH 30.3 1.5 2.27 Detroit, MI 65.1 1.5 1.05 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 94.1 2.0 0.79 WEST 1,136.9 7.0 1.87 Denver, CO 68.9 1.3 0.56 Los Angeles, CA 160.8 5.2 1.98 Phoenix, AZ 63.2 1.6 1.47 San Diego, CA 49.3 2.0 1.51 San Francisco, CA 105.5 3.2 0.93 San Jose, CA 54.4 0.0 0.73 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 89.2-8.5 0.91 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4

Metro Area Changes In October, labor demand rose in 45 metro areas, declined in 4 metro areas, and 3 remained constant. The MSAs with the largest changes in each of the regions were: Chicago (6,800) and St. Louis (2,500) in the Midwest; Seattle-Tacoma (-8,500) and Los Angeles (5,200) in the West; Houston (6,000) and Miami (6,200) in the South; and New York (7,600) and Boston (2,800) in the Northeast (See Table B and Table 5). The West increased 7,000 in October. Seattle-Tacoma fell 8,500 to 89,200 and Los Angeles increased 5,200 to 160,800. San Francisco increased 3,200 to 105,500. Denver increased 1,300 to 68,900 and San Jose remained constant at 54,400. Riverside fell 200 to 31,100. Phoenix increased 1,600 to 63,200 and Portland grew 1,600 to 46,400. Sacramento increased 1,500 at 28,600 and Salt Lake City increased 100 to 24,400. Honolulu increased 500 to 13,800 and Las Vegas fell 300 to 26,700. The South increased 46,300 in October. Miami increased 6,200 to 63,400 and Houston increased 6,000 to 64,300. Washington DC increased 3,700 to 140,300. Dallas grew 2,600 to 104,900 and Atlanta increased 3,700 to 96,000. Orlando increased 3,400 to 35,400. Charlotte increased 900 to 42,000. Tampa increased 3,200 to 42,700 and Birmingham increased 300 to 13,300. Baltimore increased 700 to 50,000. San Antonio grew 700 to 27,800. Nashville increased 300 to 33,000. New Orleans grew 900 to 14,500. Louisville increased 200 to 16,200. The Northeast increased 13,800 in October. New York increased 7,600 to 288,600 and Boston grew 2,800 to 105,200. Philadelphia increased 2,600 to 95,300. Pittsburgh increased 800 to 40,400. Providence remained constant at 18,800. Buffalo increased 700 to 16,500. Hartford grew 500 to 26,200 and Rochester decreased 100 to 14,100. The Midwest experienced an increase of 25,100 in October. Chicago increased 6,800 to 143,500. St. Louis grew 2,500 to 44,500 and Minneapolis-St. Paul increased 2,000 to 94,100. Detroit increased 1,500 to 65,100. Columbus increased 1,200 to 34,700 and Cincinnati increased 2,000 to 35,700. Kansas City increased 1,800 to 37,700 and Cleveland increased 1,500 to 30,300. Milwaukee increased 500 to 31,100. Indianapolis increased 500 to 29,700. The number of postings does not, however, tell the entire story. A crucial factor is how many unemployed people are seeking jobs and how much competition there is for the jobs that are available. The Conference Board HWOL s Supply/Demand rate relates the number of unemployed workers to the number of advertised vacancies. Based on August s data (the latest available unemployment data for metro areas), 12 major metro areas saw more job openings than unemployed workers: Denver (S/D rate of 0.56), San Jose (0.73), Minneapolis-St. Paul (0.79), Nashville (0.84), Honolulu (0.87), Salt Lake City (0.91), Seattle-Tacoma (0.91), Washington, DC (0.91), San Francisco (0.93), Boston (0.97), Austin (0.97), and Milwaukee (0.99) (Table 6). Other favorable markets for jobseekers included Detroit (1.05) and Hartford (1.07). In contrast, unemployed workers face great competition for each advertised position in Riverside (over 3 unemployed for every opening) as well as Houston and Cleveland (over 2 unemployed for every opening). In 46 of the 52 metro areas, however, there are now fewer than 2 unemployed per advertised opening. (See Table 6 for complete metro area Supply/Demand rates.) 5

OCCUPATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS In October, eight of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases (Table C) Table C: U.S. Top Ten Demand Occupations and Pay Levels, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 2 SOC 1 Occupation Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 Sep-17 Sep-17 Wage 3 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 602.8-2.3 111.2 0.18 $38.06 15 Computer and mathematical science 490.7-3.0 125.2 0.25 $42.25 43 Office and administrative support 481.8 15.7 783.0 1.68 $17.91 41 Sales and related 447.4 2.8 594.2 1.34 $19.50 11 Management 380.3 8.5 406.5 1.09 $56.74 53 Transportation and material moving 340.7 32.1 526.8 1.71 $17.34 13 Business and financial operations 272.2 6.7 241.7 0.91 $36.09 35 Food preparation and serving related 226.6 11.0 464.1 2.15 $11.47 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 183.5 2.2 198.5 1.09 $22.45 25 Education, training, and library 159.2 5.3 215.6 1.40 $26.21 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 3. BLS Occupational Employment Statistics - May 2015 estimates. Average Hourly Occupational Changes for the Month of October In October, eight of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases. Management ads increased 8,500 to 380,300. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.09, i.e. over 1 job-seeker for every advertised available opening. (see Table C and Table 7). Business and financial operations ads increased 6,700 to 272,200. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.91, i.e. over 1 advertised opening per unemployed job-seeker. Education, training, and library ads increased 5,300 to 159,200. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.40, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening. Transportation ads increased 32,100 to 340,700. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.71, i.e. over 1 advertised opening per unemployed job-seeker. Food preparation and serving related ads increased 11,00 to 226,600. The supply/demand rate lies at 2.15, i.e. over 2 unemployed job-seekers for every advertised available opening. Office and administrative support ads increased 15,700 to 481,800. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.68, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening. 6

PROGRAM NOTES HWOL 2017 Annual Revision With the February 2017 press release, the HWOL program has incorporated its annual revision, which helps ensure the accuracy and consistency of the HWOL time series. This year s annual revision includes updates to the job board coverage, a revision of the historical data from May 2005 forward, an update of the Metropolitan Statistical area definitions to 2015 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) county-based MSA definitions, and the annual update of the seasonal adjustment factors. Special Note Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. HWOL available on Haver Analytics Over 3,000 of the key HWOL press release time series are exclusively available on Haver Analytics. The available time series include the geographic and occupational series for levels and rates for both Total Ads and New Ads. In addition to the seasonally adjusted series, many of the unadjusted series are also available. The geographic detail includes: U.S., 9 Regions, 50 States, 52 MSAs (largest metro areas). The occupational detail includes: U.S. (2-digit SOC), States (1-digit SOC) and MSAs (1-digit SOC). For more information about the Help Wanted OnLine database delivered via Haver Analytics, please email sales@haver.com or navigate to http://www.haver.com/contact.html. For HWOL data for detailed geographic areas and occupations not in the press release, please contact Jeanne.Shu@conference-board.org. The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine Data Series (HWOL) measures the number of new, first-time online jobs and jobs reposted from the previous month for over 16,000 Internet job boards, corporate boards and smaller job sites that serve niche markets and smaller geographic areas. Like The Conference Board s long-running Help Wanted Advertising Index of print ads (which was published for over 55 years and discontinued in July 2008), the HWOL series measures help wanted advertising, i.e. labor demand. The HWOL data series began in May 2005. With the September 2008 release, HWOL began providing seasonally adjusted data for the U.S., the nine Census regions and the 50 States. Seasonally adjusted data for occupations were provided beginning with the May 2009 release, and seasonally adjusted data for the 52 largest metropolitan areas began with the February 2012 release. People using this data are urged to review the information on the database and methodology available on The Conference Board website and contact us with questions and comments. Background information and technical notes and discussion of revisions to the series are available at: http://www.conferenceboard.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. Additional information on the Bureau of Labor Statistics data used in this release can be found on the BLS website, www.bls.gov. 7

The Conference Board The Conference Board is a global, independent business membership and research association working in the public interest. Our mission is unique: To provide the world s leading organizations with the practical knowledge they need to improve their performance and better serve society. The Conference Board is a non-advocacy, notfor-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States. WANTED Analytics, a CEB Company WANTED is a leading supplier of real-time business intelligence solutions for the talent marketplace. Using technology to gather data from corporate career sites and online job boards, WANTED builds products to help our users make better human capital decisions faster. Users of our products include corporate human resources departments, market analysts and employment services firms as well as the federal, state and local labor market analysts that use HWOL. For more information, please visit: www.wantedanalytics.com. HAVER ANALYTICS Haver Analytics is the premier provider of time series data for the Global Strategy and Research community. Haver Analytics was founded in 1978 as a consulting firm and today provides the highest quality data and software for industry professionals. Haver provides products and services to clients in financial services, government, academia and various industry groups from consulting to manufacturing. From more information please see: http://www.haver.com/contact.html. Publication Schedule, Help Wanted OnLine Data Series Data for the Month Release Date November 2017 December 6, 2017 8

Table 1: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Change (Thousands) Total Ads 1 (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 United States 5,009.2 4,482.3 4,563.8 81.5 2,191.3 1,942.5 1,945.4 2.9 New England 295.7 260.2 263.6 3.4 121.6 109.3 105.2-4.1 Middle Atlantic 651.3 614.1 624.5 10.4 281.7 263.8 260.2-3.6 South Atlantic 954.1 846.3 872.1 25.8 412.7 354.6 376.1 21.5 East North Central 705.7 637.5 652.0 14.5 290.2 257.1 257.0-0.1 East South Central 209.2 185.8 187.5 1.7 84.6 72.5 72.5 0.0 West North Central 419.9 351.9 362.5 10.6 174.2 142.5 145.2 2.7 West South Central 465.1 394.9 413.7 18.8 201.8 169.6 176.0 6.5 Mountain 416.0 361.0 363.0 1.9 191.7 163.1 159.4-3.7 Pacific 845.7 768.9 773.9 5.0 410.8 373.4 366.8-6.6 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. M-O-M Change (Thousands) 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 2: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads Rates, Seasonally Adjusted Location 2 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 United States 3.14 2.78 2.83 1.37 1.21 1.21 New England 3.78 3.27 3.32 1.56 1.38 1.32 Middle Atlantic 3.17 2.97 3.02 1.37 1.28 1.26 South Atlantic 3.06 2.67 2.75 1.32 1.12 1.19 East North Central 3.00 2.70 2.76 1.23 1.09 1.09 East South Central 2.43 2.13 2.15 0.98 0.83 0.83 West North Central 3.76 3.14 3.23 1.56 1.27 1.29 West South Central 2.50 2.11 2.21 1.08 0.91 0.94 Mountain 3.56 3.03 3.04 1.64 1.37 1.34 Pacific 3.26 2.93 2.95 1.58 1.42 1.40 1. Ads rates are calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ads rates represent the number of ads per 100 participants in the civilian labor force. 2. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total Ads Rate 1 New Ads Rate 1 (Percent) (Percent) 9

Table 3: State Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 United States 5,009.2 4,482.3 4,563.8 81.5 2,191.3 1,942.5 1,945.4 2.9 Alabama 49.0 46.2 47.1 1.0 19.6 16.5 17.9 1.4 Alaska 13.9 12.3 13.3 1.0 5.9 5.0 6.1 1.1 Arizona 103.4 87.2 88.0 0.8 47.9 41.0 40.0-1.1 Arkansas 28.7 23.9 26.3 2.4 11.2 9.0 10.9 1.9 California 574.4 520.5 531.2 10.7 281.4 256.3 251.9-4.3 Colorado 126.6 115.3 116.6 1.3 60.5 55.2 53.8-1.4 Connecticut 68.6 65.4 66.1 0.7 26.2 25.1 24.1-1.0 Delaware 16.9 14.3 14.5 0.2 6.7 5.5 5.6 0.1 Florida 257.3 221.1 240.3 19.2 119.7 101.0 119.3 18.3 Georgia 157.2 138.7 141.7 3.1 66.6 54.7 59.0 4.3 Hawaii 20.3 19.3 19.9 0.6 10.4 10.2 10.2-0.1 Idaho 24.4 19.0 18.5-0.4 11.9 8.8 8.5-0.3 Illinois 186.6 173.1 179.6 6.4 75.5 69.0 69.9 0.9 Indiana 82.9 75.7 77.6 2.0 32.0 28.4 29.6 1.3 Iowa 61.0 53.8 54.5 0.8 25.7 20.4 21.1 0.7 Kansas 42.8 33.4 34.2 0.8 16.9 12.9 12.8-0.2 Kentucky 47.7 40.6 40.7 0.1 18.3 16.4 15.7-0.6 Louisiana 47.2 36.4 38.1 1.8 21.4 14.4 14.7 0.3 Maine 25.1 16.3 16.2-0.1 9.6 6.5 6.2-0.3 Maryland 107.1 93.7 93.3-0.4 44.2 36.3 35.0-1.4 Massachusetts 146.7 133.6 135.1 1.5 62.2 56.9 55.2-1.7 Michigan 155.0 132.3 135.1 2.8 65.7 53.5 53.4 0.0 Minnesota 137.6 129.6 133.4 3.8 57.8 53.1 54.1 1.0 Mississippi 27.6 24.6 24.6 0.0 11.4 8.9 8.6-0.3 Missouri 108.2 81.7 85.9 4.2 46.1 36.1 35.9-0.2 Montana 20.7 18.8 18.9 0.1 9.9 7.8 7.8 0.0 Nebraska 33.7 27.6 28.0 0.4 13.4 11.3 11.2-0.1 Nevada 47.4 43.6 42.8-0.8 21.9 19.8 18.7-1.1 New Hampshire 26.1 22.2 22.7 0.4 10.9 9.5 9.2-0.3 New Jersey 152.8 145.6 148.1 2.5 65.2 61.4 61.9 0.6 New Mexico 27.3 23.5 23.7 0.2 11.3 9.2 9.2-0.1 New York 291.6 274.8 280.4 5.5 133.3 124.8 122.0-2.8 North Carolina 134.4 126.8 128.1 1.2 58.4 55.1 53.9-1.2 North Dakota 18.5 14.7 14.9 0.2 7.4 5.5 5.5 0.0 Ohio 177.6 154.1 160.9 6.8 73.5 63.8 64.9 1.1 Oklahoma 40.9 33.7 34.0 0.3 16.1 13.3 13.4 0.1 Oregon 77.4 70.5 71.2 0.7 41.1 37.6 37.4-0.2 Pennsylvania 206.5 192.7 195.6 3.0 83.3 76.8 76.4-0.4 Rhode Island 15.7 13.9 14.0 0.1 7.1 6.5 6.3-0.2 South Carolina 61.4 55.2 57.2 2.0 25.3 22.2 23.7 1.5 South Dakota 18.7 11.0 11.7 0.7 7.1 4.0 4.4 0.4 Tennessee 85.0 76.0 75.1-0.9 35.4 31.3 30.4-0.9 Texas 346.2 300.3 313.4 13.2 153.1 132.0 137.1 5.1 Utah 57.7 45.7 45.6-0.1 24.5 18.7 17.7-0.9 Vermont 13.4 9.9 9.8-0.2 5.6 4.5 4.1-0.5 Virginia 158.2 139.7 140.5 0.7 62.9 54.9 53.2-1.7 Washington 160.5 146.8 138.8-7.9 72.4 64.9 61.5-3.3 West Virginia 20.5 18.6 18.8 0.2 8.3 7.1 6.9-0.1 Wisconsin 103.2 97.8 98.6 0.8 43.4 39.3 39.1-0.3 Wyoming 7.5 8.0 8.1 0.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 0.0 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. M-O-M Change M-O-M Change 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 10

Table 4: State Labor Supply/Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads Rate 1 Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ (Percent) Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Sep-17 Sep-17 Sep-17 Sep-17 United States 3.14 2.78 2.83 4.2 6,801.00 4,482.3 1.52 Alabama 2.25 2.15 2.19 3.8 82.68 46.2 1.79 Alaska 3.85 3.38 3.65 7.2 26.24 12.3 2.13 Arizona 3.18 2.63 2.65 4.7 156.69 87.2 1.80 Arkansas 2.14 1.73 1.91 3.5 48.67 23.9 2.04 California 3.00 2.70 2.75 5.1 986.16 520.5 1.89 Colorado 4.36 3.83 3.87 2.5 76.55 115.3 0.66 Connecticut 3.63 3.42 3.45 4.6 87.15 65.4 1.33 Delaware 3.59 2.99 3.04 4.9 23.43 14.3 1.64 Florida 2.60 2.19 2.38 3.8 382.76 221.1 1.73 Georgia 3.17 2.73 2.79 4.5 225.80 138.7 1.63 Hawaii 2.94 2.81 2.89 2.5 16.95 19.3 0.88 Idaho 2.97 2.30 2.25 2.8 23.02 19.0 1.21 Illinois 2.87 2.70 2.80 5.0 321.70 173.1 1.86 Indiana 2.50 2.26 2.32 3.8 126.40 75.7 1.67 Iowa 3.60 3.19 3.23 3.2 54.57 53.8 1.02 Kansas 2.89 2.24 2.30 3.8 56.77 33.4 1.70 Kentucky 2.38 1.97 1.97 5.2 106.79 40.6 2.63 Louisiana 2.24 1.75 1.83 5.1 105.83 36.4 2.91 Maine 3.62 2.32 2.30 3.7 26.11 16.3 1.60 Maryland 3.37 2.88 2.87 3.8 122.93 93.7 1.31 Massachusetts 4.09 3.64 3.68 3.9 142.54 133.6 1.07 Michigan 3.20 2.73 2.79 4.3 208.60 132.3 1.58 Minnesota 4.58 4.22 4.35 3.7 112.21 129.6 0.87 Mississippi 2.15 1.93 1.93 5.2 65.99 24.6 2.68 Missouri 3.48 2.67 2.81 3.8 116.24 81.7 1.42 Montana 3.93 3.58 3.59 3.9 20.36 18.8 1.08 Nebraska 3.33 2.73 2.77 2.8 27.80 27.6 1.01 Nevada 3.31 3.00 2.95 4.9 71.74 43.6 1.65 New Hampshire 3.47 2.97 3.02 2.7 20.06 22.2 0.90 New Jersey 3.39 3.22 3.27 4.7 212.86 145.6 1.46 New Mexico 2.94 2.52 2.55 6.2 57.65 23.5 2.46 New York 3.06 2.84 2.89 4.9 472.72 274.8 1.72 North Carolina 2.74 2.57 2.60 4.1 200.91 126.8 1.58 North Dakota 4.44 3.51 3.56 2.4 9.92 14.7 0.68 Ohio 3.12 2.68 2.79 5.3 305.17 154.1 1.98 Oklahoma 2.24 1.84 1.86 4.5 81.71 33.7 2.43 Oregon 3.75 3.31 3.34 4.2 90.12 70.5 1.28 Pennsylvania 3.20 3.00 3.05 4.8 309.32 192.7 1.61 Rhode Island 2.85 2.50 2.52 4.2 23.21 13.9 1.67 South Carolina 2.67 2.37 2.46 3.9 91.43 55.2 1.66 South Dakota 4.11 2.40 2.55 3.4 15.76 11.0 1.43 Tennessee 2.69 2.39 2.36 3.0 95.88 76.0 1.26 Texas 2.60 2.24 2.34 4.0 540.95 300.3 1.80 Utah 3.79 2.90 2.89 3.4 53.85 45.7 1.18 Vermont 3.88 2.88 2.83 2.9 10.13 9.9 1.02 Virginia 3.72 3.22 3.24 3.7 160.00 139.7 1.15 Washington 4.37 3.91 3.70 4.6 172.29 146.8 1.17 West Virginia 2.62 2.38 2.41 5.1 39.86 18.6 2.14 Wisconsin 3.31 3.09 3.12 3.5 109.29 97.8 1.12 Wyoming 2.50 2.73 2.74 4.0 11.88 8.0 1.48 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ad rates represent the number of ads per 100 persons in the civilian labor force. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Statistics and Local Area Unemployment Statistics programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 11

Table 5: MSA Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 Birmingham, AL 14.1 13.0 13.3 0.3 5.4 4.8 5.0 0.2 Phoenix, AZ 72.0 61.6 63.2 1.6 33.7 30.0 29.8-0.2 Tucson, AZ 12.8 10.7 10.7 0.0 5.6 4.7 4.5-0.2 Los Angeles, CA 176.9 155.6 160.8 5.2 88.0 78.2 78.9 0.8 Riverside, CA 32.9 31.3 31.1-0.2 15.2 14.9 13.8-1.1 Sacramento, CA 30.2 27.2 28.6 1.5 15.6 13.9 14.3 0.5 San Diego, CA 51.7 47.3 49.3 2.0 27.2 24.6 25.0 0.4 San Francisco, CA 114.3 102.3 105.5 3.2 57.4 51.2 51.1-0.1 San Jose, CA 55.3 54.3 54.4 0.0 23.4 23.7 22.7-1.1 Denver, CO 75.9 67.6 68.9 1.3 36.4 33.0 32.4-0.6 Hartford, CT 27.6 25.8 26.2 0.5 10.3 9.8 9.2-0.5 Washington, DC 160.2 136.6 140.3 3.7 66.3 54.4 55.1 0.6 Jacksonville, FL 19.5 17.6 19.4 1.8 9.5 8.3 10.2 1.9 Miami, FL 70.2 57.1 63.4 6.2 33.1 25.8 33.4 7.5 Orlando, FL 35.5 32.0 35.4 3.4 16.7 14.1 17.0 2.9 Tampa, FL 49.4 39.5 42.7 3.2 22.8 17.9 21.3 3.4 Atlanta, GA 105.3 92.3 96.0 3.7 44.5 36.6 41.7 5.1 Honolulu, HI 14.4 13.3 13.8 0.5 7.8 7.4 7.4 0.0 Chicago, IL 145.5 136.7 143.5 6.8 59.1 54.3 57.1 2.8 Indianapolis, IN 32.0 29.1 29.7 0.5 12.8 11.4 11.9 0.5 Louisville, KY 18.0 15.9 16.2 0.2 7.3 6.6 6.7 0.2 New Orleans, LA 17.0 13.7 14.5 0.9 7.2 5.9 5.7-0.1 Baltimore, MD 55.0 49.4 50.0 0.7 22.1 19.4 19.5 0.0 Boston, MA 114.1 102.4 105.2 2.8 49.2 44.0 43.4-0.6 Detroit, MI 72.7 63.6 65.1 1.5 29.2 25.1 25.7 0.6 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 96.1 92.1 94.1 2.0 40.9 38.8 39.3 0.5 Kansas City, MO 44.3 35.9 37.7 1.8 18.8 15.4 15.7 0.4 St. Louis, MO 52.4 42.0 44.5 2.5 21.5 18.4 18.4 0.1 Las Vegas, NV 32.0 27.0 26.7-0.3 15.1 12.1 12.1 0.0 Buffalo, NY 17.2 15.8 16.5 0.7 7.4 6.9 7.1 0.3 New York, NY 297.0 281.1 288.6 7.6 134.2 125.7 126.7 1.0 Rochester, NY 14.6 14.1 14.1-0.1 6.3 6.6 5.6-0.9 Charlotte, NC 42.4 41.2 42.0 0.9 18.1 18.0 18.1 0.1 Cincinnati, OH 37.4 33.7 35.7 2.0 14.7 13.8 14.1 0.3 Cleveland, OH 33.2 28.9 30.3 1.5 13.1 11.6 12.3 0.7 Columbus, OH 37.7 33.6 34.7 1.2 16.6 14.6 15.1 0.5 Oklahoma City, OK 18.4 14.8 15.2 0.4 7.5 5.9 6.0 0.1 Portland, OR 48.3 44.9 46.4 1.6 25.3 23.7 24.4 0.7 Philadelphia, PA 103.3 92.8 95.3 2.6 42.0 37.3 38.4 1.1 Pittsburgh, PA 40.9 39.6 40.4 0.8 16.3 15.8 15.5-0.4 Providence, RI 21.8 18.8 18.8 0.0 9.9 8.8 8.4-0.4 Memphis, TN 16.5 14.4 14.6 0.2 6.7 5.9 5.8-0.1 Nashville, TN 35.8 32.7 33.0 0.3 15.0 13.9 13.6-0.3 Austin, TX 42.6 37.0 39.1 2.1 21.3 17.7 18.9 1.2 Dallas, TX 116.0 102.2 104.9 2.6 50.7 44.8 44.7-0.1 Houston, TX 67.4 58.3 64.3 6.0 29.4 24.9 30.2 5.3 San Antonio, TX 32.2 27.1 27.8 0.7 14.3 11.8 12.2 0.4 Salt Lake City, UT 31.6 24.3 24.4 0.1 13.3 9.9 9.7-0.3 Richmond, VA 20.9 20.2 20.3 0.1 9.1 9.0 8.6-0.4 Virginia Beach, VA 21.9 19.6 20.3 0.7 9.4 8.2 8.5 0.3 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 105.0 97.7 89.2-8.5 45.8 42.1 39.1-3.0 Milwaukee, WI 29.7 30.6 31.1 0.5 12.5 12.0 12.6 0.6 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Metropolitan areas use the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions. M-O-M Change (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) 12

Table 6: MSA Labor Supply /Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location 4 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Aug-17 Aug-17 Aug-17 Aug-17 Birmingham, AL 2.63 2.43 2.48 3.7 20.0 13.3 1.50 Phoenix, AZ 3.20 2.68 2.75 3.9 90.5 61.8 1.47 Tucson, AZ 2.71 2.25 2.24 4.1 19.7 11.5 1.71 Los Angeles, CA 2.65 2.31 2.39 4.6 311.5 157.0 1.98 Riverside, CA 1.65 1.56 1.55 5.6 111.7 31.0 3.60 Sacramento, CA 2.81 2.52 2.65 5.0 53.5 27.2 1.97 San Diego, CA 3.28 3.01 3.14 4.3 68.0 45.0 1.51 San Francisco, CA 4.47 3.99 4.12 3.7 94.8 101.7 0.93 San Jose, CA 5.21 5.13 5.14 3.7 39.1 53.8 0.73 Denver, CO 4.90 4.22 4.30 2.3 36.1 64.7 0.56 Hartford, CT 4.48 4.13 4.20 4.4 27.4 25.7 1.07 Washington, DC 4.82 4.02 4.13 3.7 124.8 136.5 0.91 Jacksonville, FL 2.63 2.32 2.56 3.8 28.9 17.9 1.62 Miami, FL 2.29 1.82 2.01 4.1 128.3 62.5 2.05 Orlando, FL 2.82 2.47 2.73 3.6 47.0 32.6 1.44 Tampa, FL 3.33 2.59 2.80 3.7 56.9 40.4 1.41 Atlanta, GA 3.55 3.03 3.15 4.4 134.2 93.1 1.44 Honolulu, HI 3.01 2.79 2.89 2.3 11.1 12.7 0.87 Chicago, IL 2.96 2.81 2.94 5.0 245.3 136.2 1.80 Indianapolis, IN 3.08 2.77 2.82 3.7 39.1 30.2 1.29 Louisville, KY 2.79 2.38 2.42 4.6 30.5 16.6 1.83 New Orleans, LA 2.83 2.31 2.45 5.0 29.4 14.0 2.10 Baltimore, MD 3.70 3.25 3.29 4.1 61.6 49.9 1.24 Boston, MA 4.31 3.76 3.87 3.6 98.7 101.4 0.97 Detroit, MI 3.50 3.06 3.13 3.2 67.4 64.0 1.05 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 4.94 4.61 4.71 3.5 69.7 88.5 0.79 Kansas City, MO 3.92 3.16 3.32 3.9 44.3 34.7 1.28 St. Louis, MO 3.53 2.87 3.04 3.8 55.3 39.5 1.40 Las Vegas, NV 3.03 2.52 2.50 5.2 55.2 27.3 2.02 Buffalo, NY 3.16 2.90 3.03 5.4 29.6 16.0 1.84 New York, NY 2.97 2.78 2.85 4.6 468.0 273.6 1.71 Rochester, NY 2.80 2.74 2.73 5.0 25.9 13.3 1.95 Charlotte, NC 3.28 3.16 3.23 3.9 51.1 40.3 1.27 Cincinnati, OH 3.44 3.02 3.20 4.6 51.0 33.6 1.52 Cleveland, OH 3.23 2.78 2.92 6.3 65.7 29.0 2.27 Columbus, OH 3.58 3.14 3.25 4.3 45.4 33.9 1.34 Oklahoma City, OK 2.76 2.20 2.26 4.2 28.3 15.9 1.77 Portland, OR 3.76 3.39 3.51 4.1 54.5 43.3 1.26 Philadelphia, PA 3.33 2.99 3.07 4.8 149.6 91.9 1.63 Pittsburgh, PA 3.36 3.32 3.38 4.9 58.7 38.7 1.52 Providence, RI 3.22 2.74 2.74 4.2 28.6 18.8 1.52 Memphis, TN 2.63 2.27 2.30 4.2 26.3 14.7 1.79 Nashville, TN 3.64 3.26 3.28 2.7 27.0 32.0 0.84 Austin, TX 3.81 3.26 3.45 3.1 35.3 36.3 0.97 Dallas, TX 3.12 2.71 2.78 3.6 136.3 101.3 1.35 Houston, TX 2.04 1.76 1.94 4.8 160.3 60.3 2.66 San Antonio, TX 2.82 2.34 2.40 3.5 40.4 26.7 1.51 Salt Lake City, UT 4.92 3.68 3.69 3.3 21.6 23.7 0.91 Richmond, VA 3.13 2.94 2.95 3.8 25.9 20.1 1.29 Virginia Beach, VA 2.62 2.33 2.41 4.2 35.3 22.1 1.59 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 5.14 4.71 4.30 4.1 85.5 93.5 0.91 Milwaukee, WI 3.58 3.66 3.72 3.8 31.5 31.8 0.99 Total Ads Rate 1 (Percent) 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPS and LAUS programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4. The Conference Board uses the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions for its data whereas the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses the OMB alternative NECTA (New England City and Town Areas) MSA definition. This will result in small comparison differences for some metropolitan areas in New England states. 13

Table 7: National Labor Supply/Labor Demand by Occupation 1, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed 4 Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 5 SOC 2 Occupation 3 Oct-16 Sep-17 Oct-17 Oct-Sep 17 Sep-17 Sep-17 Wage 6 Total 5,009.2 4,482.3 4,563.8 81.5 6,801.0 1.52 $23.86 11 Management 430.5 371.8 380.3 8.5 406.5 1.09 $56.74 13 Business and financial operations 297.7 265.5 272.2 6.7 241.7 0.91 $36.09 15 Computer and mathematical science 543.0 493.7 490.7-3.0 125.2 0.25 $42.25 17 Architecture and engineering 147.8 141.7 145.4 3.7 116.0 0.82 $40.53 19 Life, physical, and social science 59.4 60.5 62.6 2.2 60.8 1.01 $35.06 21 Community and social services 98.9 87.5 91.0 3.5 67.5 0.77 $22.69 23 Legal 23.9 21.7 21.6-0.1 24.3 1.12 $50.95 25 Education, training, and library 163.4 153.9 159.2 5.3 215.6 1.40 $26.21 27 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 109.5 92.0 93.6 1.7 111.0 1.21 $28.07 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 685.6 605.1 602.8-2.3 111.2 0.18 $38.06 31 Healthcare support 124.5 112.4 115.4 3.0 181.8 1.62 $14.65 33 Protective service 61.2 53.3 52.5-0.8 83.7 1.57 $22.03 35 Food preparation and serving related 253.6 215.6 226.6 11.0 464.1 2.15 $11.47 37 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 112.1 97.6 102.8 5.2 368.4 3.78 $13.47 39 Personal care and service 68.1 52.8 53.6 0.8 290.9 5.51 $12.74 41 Sales and related 501.1 444.5 447.4 2.8 594.2 1.34 $19.50 43 Office and administrative support 525.6 466.0 481.8 15.7 783.0 1.68 $17.91 45 Farming, fishing, and forestry 8.1 7.1 7.8 0.7 113.8 16.07 $13.37 47 Construction and extraction 120.7 108.9 108.8-0.1 562.7 5.17 $23.51 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 210.5 181.3 183.5 2.2 198.5 1.09 $22.45 51 Production 137.0 131.3 132.3 1.0 445.6 3.39 $17.88 53 Transportation and material moving 337.6 308.6 340.7 32.1 526.8 1.71 $17.34 1. All ads are coded to the 6-digit SOC level. 2. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 3. Occupational categories use the 2010 OMB Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC definitions). 4. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey and seasonally adjusted by The Conference Board. 5. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 6. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program's May 2015 estimates. (Thousands) Average Hourly 14

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Oct-17 Wage 2 Oct-17 Wage 2 Oct-17 Wage 2 United States 657,835 $46.28 1,683,160 $34.08 549,944 $13.62 Alabama 4,920 $43.14 16,871 $30.62 4,447 $11.50 Alaska 1,367 $45.62 5,970 $37.10 1,578 $16.87 Arizona 11,366 $40.48 31,018 $31.82 11,857 $13.48 Arkansas 3,191 $36.63 9,662 $27.17 2,625 $11.26 California 84,171 $51.12 198,033 $39.97 67,917 $15.76 Colorado 15,027 $46.41 41,163 $35.55 18,449 $13.98 Connecticut 11,411 $53.22 27,372 $31.59 5,900 $15.52 Delaware 3,201 $48.23 5,533 $35.92 1,061 $13.46 Florida 31,408 $42.10 76,193 $31.47 35,908 $13.21 Georgia 20,966 $44.86 53,969 $31.88 14,070 $11.85 Hawaii 2,233 $40.62 4,643 $32.45 4,240 $16.01 Idaho 1,917 $36.16 6,316 $27.91 2,526 $12.15 Illinois 30,797 $45.67 67,830 $33.64 18,853 $14.20 Indiana 8,215 $38.21 27,075 $29.59 9,314 $11.98 Iowa 5,859 $38.62 17,685 $28.99 6,401 $12.33 Kansas 4,206 $40.20 12,467 $28.69 3,548 $11.99 Kentucky 4,292 $37.96 13,488 $28.75 4,498 $11.70 Louisiana 4,237 $13.44 12,107 $28.21 4,841 $11.22 Maine 1,627 $38.50 6,770 $30.32 2,335 $12.90 Maryland 13,662 $49.12 42,236 $38.21 9,170 $14.58 Massachusetts 23,757 $52.66 55,475 $38.61 14,711 $16.19 Michigan 16,725 $43.45 51,441 $28.46 16,883 $12.80 Minnesota 18,278 $44.87 48,967 $33.60 18,030 $13.65 Mississippi 2,336 $35.34 7,398 $26.54 3,267 $11.02 Missouri 11,519 $41.60 32,032 $30.02 9,916 $12.08 Montana 1,484 $34.83 6,066 $27.20 3,217 $12.44 Nebraska 3,429 $39.43 9,404 $22.32 3,591 $12.73 Nevada 5,196 $41.28 12,550 $33.08 7,321 $14.07 New Hampshire 2,391 $46.62 8,895 $33.78 2,684 $13.86 New Jersey 26,457 $54.35 57,451 $37.07 15,005 $15.53 New Mexico 2,556 $38.01 11,201 $32.27 2,498 $12.18 New York 56,230 $57.43 103,588 $38.01 32,446 $15.72 North Carolina 18,119 $45.81 52,740 $31.55 13,767 $11.92 North Dakota 1,518 $39.34 5,363 $28.92 1,500 $13.92 Ohio 20,857 $41.52 54,047 $31.75 18,920 $12.65 Oklahoma 3,490 $38.99 12,292 $28.09 3,956 $7.11 Oregon 8,056 $42.39 23,284 $34.55 10,124 $14.29 Pennsylvania 27,935 $45.43 69,334 $32.34 24,000 $13.02 Rhode Island 2,078 $48.06 5,075 $35.24 1,740 $14.46 South Carolina 5,735 $38.65 20,367 $29.69 6,719 $11.66 South Dakota 1,482 $38.16 4,021 $26.84 1,583 $11.96 Tennessee 9,437 $39.54 25,664 $29.09 8,851 $11.83 Texas 44,423 $47.18 109,984 $33.41 36,464 $12.63 Utah 5,407 $38.58 14,926 $30.41 5,890 $12.37 Vermont 1,075 $39.52 3,845 $30.16 1,592 $14.84 Virginia 22,558 $49.34 65,817 $36.53 13,622 $13.61 Washington 19,744 $46.56 51,960 $37.48 18,189 $15.83 West Virginia 1,757 $35.61 7,572 $27.86 2,145 $11.66 Wisconsin 11,589 $40.18 32,162 $30.40 12,517 $12.53 Wyoming 861 $41.32 3,126 $28.97 691 $11.81 1. The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 15

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Oct-17 Wage 1 Oct-17 Wage 1 Oct-17 Wage 1 United States 979,741 $18.54 310,222 $22.60 500,794 $17.60 Alabama 10,450 $7.20 4,242 $20.52 7,607 $16.16 Alaska 2,409 $19.87 946 $30.72 1,364 $24.18 Arizona 20,308 $17.33 6,335 $20.63 7,393 $17.35 Arkansas 5,477 $15.52 1,696 $18.34 4,119 $15.74 California 119,063 $20.19 29,097 $23.82 46,484 $17.79 Colorado 24,242 $19.99 9,869 $22.54 11,289 $18.87 Connecticut 14,500 $21.28 3,035 $25.68 5,569 $19.26 Delaware 3,072 $18.22 874 $23.62 1,190 $16.51 Florida 56,412 $17.24 24,250 $19.19 19,633 $16.24 Georgia 27,826 $17.57 10,009 $20.36 17,486 $16.16 Hawaii 5,309 $18.02 1,327 $28.73 2,540 $20.85 Idaho 4,055 $16.19 1,653 $19.61 2,359 $16.84 Illinois 39,308 $18.96 8,510 $26.75 20,067 $17.78 Indiana 17,119 $17.04 5,345 $21.97 14,016 $17.17 Iowa 12,645 $16.86 4,751 $21.13 9,214 $16.99 Kansas 7,769 $17.10 2,356 $21.38 4,475 $17.82 Kentucky 9,436 $16.17 2,847 $21.08 8,402 $17.42 Louisiana 8,939 $15.47 3,629 $20.97 5,148 $19.29 Maine 3,445 $16.53 1,084 $20.46 1,800 $17.16 Maryland 17,092 $19.36 5,227 $23.63 8,674 $18.61 Massachusetts 27,221 $21.51 6,508 $27.63 10,837 $18.75 Michigan 28,966 $17.93 9,725 $22.63 17,283 $17.55 Minnesota 28,544 $19.60 7,997 $24.89 17,347 $18.35 Mississippi 5,752 $14.86 2,064 $19.10 4,473 $15.99 Missouri 18,942 $17.08 5,208 $22.63 10,339 $16.90 Montana 4,067 $16.25 1,934 $21.79 2,269 $18.18 Nebraska 6,611 $16.85 2,422 $20.61 3,348 $17.49 Nevada 9,960 $17.21 3,815 $23.82 4,594 $17.53 New Hampshire 5,742 $19.30 1,564 $23.00 2,853 $17.81 New Jersey 31,904 $20.18 7,455 $26.58 15,019 $17.92 New Mexico 4,281 $16.07 1,632 $20.14 1,912 $17.62 New York 62,187 $22.00 13,851 $27.50 21,019 $19.00 North Carolina 23,755 $17.70 9,560 $19.49 13,350 $15.86 North Dakota 3,027 $18.22 1,609 $25.33 2,198 $21.37 Ohio 36,428 $17.73 11,696 $22.08 24,960 $17.24 Oklahoma 7,698 $16.49 3,001 $20.66 5,032 $17.28 Oregon 14,917 $7.52 5,639 $22.91 9,507 $17.78 Pennsylvania 43,723 $18.33 12,863 $22.76 26,493 $17.69 Rhode Island 3,114 $20.03 933 $24.25 1,487 $17.56 South Carolina 12,088 $15.98 5,401 $19.61 7,618 $16.79 South Dakota 2,517 $16.11 1,011 $19.46 1,373 $15.84 Tennessee 17,342 $16.76 4,810 $20.21 11,238 $16.07 Texas 68,276 $18.56 26,523 $20.77 32,241 $18.21 Utah 11,111 $17.20 3,676 $21.19 6,181 $17.43 Vermont 1,934 $18.45 589 $21.58 1,107 $18.35 Virginia 24,150 $18.52 7,767 $21.83 9,887 $17.81 Washington 27,792 $19.98 9,975 $25.75 13,214 $20.68 West Virginia 3,886 $14.78 1,303 $20.51 2,541 $17.29 Wisconsin 22,683 $17.89 7,447 $23.08 17,809 $17.56 Wyoming 1,322 $17.23 977 $25.04 1,094 $22.47 1. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 16

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Oct-17 Wage 2* Oct-17 Wage 2* Oct-17 Wage 2* United States 657,835 $46.28 1,683,160 $34.08 549,944 $13.62 Birmingham, AL 1,570 $44.34 4,209 $32.77 1,382 $11.93 Phoenix, AZ 8,950 $41.61 20,318 $32.52 8,478 $13.40 Tucson, AZ 1,162 $37.52 4,379 $31.33 1,654 $13.43 Los Angeles, CA 27,196 $49.93 54,024 $39.29 21,543 $15.41 Riverside, CA 3,311 $42.62 9,276 $34.16 4,495 $14.71 Sacramento, CA 4,047 $42.97 9,548 $30.70 3,775 $15.52 San Diego, CA 6,715 $48.78 18,147 $37.05 6,939 $13.42 San Francisco, CA 22,263 $58.62 38,431 $44.78 12,126 $17.31 San Jose, CA 9,924 $65.33 28,448 $51.00 4,675 $16.68 Denver, CO 10,632 $48.18 24,147 $37.57 9,916 $14.03 Hartford, CT 4,963 $49.75 11,028 $36.81 2,071 $15.39 Washington, DC 28,282 $54.84 68,393 $42.70 13,137 $15.84 Jacksonville, FL 2,586 $41.29 5,590 $24.90 2,543 $12.90 Miami, FL 9,607 $45.04 18,129 $32.37 10,416 $13.73 Orlando, FL 4,878 $41.63 10,955 $31.75 5,123 $12.90 Tampa, FL 6,604 $41.78 14,386 $32.33 5,344 $13.01 Atlanta, GA 16,827 $47.32 36,674 $24.84 9,109 $12.17 Honolulu, HI 1,743 $41.44 3,097 $31.14 2,649 $15.50 Chicago, IL 26,935 $47.29 51,896 $34.93 15,673 $14.36 Indianapolis, IN 4,042 $39.80 9,530 $32.47 3,407 $12.41 Louisville, KY 1,943 $39.68 4,911 $30.58 1,930 $12.13 New Orleans, LA 1,729 $39.69 4,483 $30.35 2,633 $11.55 Baltimore, MD 7,159 $47.65 22,209 $37.02 4,999 $14.46 Boston, MA 20,504 $54.85 42,558 $39.62 11,139 $16.46 Detroit, MI 9,397 $46.36 26,179 $34.76 8,013 $12.88 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 14,854 $46.98 33,854 $35.41 12,063 $10.90 Kansas City, MO 5,280 $43.18 12,649 $30.99 4,685 $12.79 St. Louis, MO 6,745 $44.58 17,925 $30.96 5,020 $12.52 Las Vegas, NV 3,628 $41.28 7,855 $33.51 4,764 $14.37 Buffalo, NY 2,404 $43.09 5,192 $30.25 2,086 $13.80 New York, NY 63,250 $60.10 107,837 $40.04 30,751 $16.12 Rochester, NY 1,773 $46.10 5,212 $31.08 1,682 $14.09 Charlotte, NC 7,571 $47.74 16,609 $33.28 4,218 $12.24 Cincinnati, OH 5,184 $43.21 11,758 $32.54 4,207 $12.56 Cleveland, OH 4,648 $42.70 9,588 $32.36 3,526 $11.18 Columbus, OH 5,354 $42.21 11,864 $33.78 3,784 $13.27 Oklahoma City, OK 1,877 $39.77 5,433 $29.40 1,691 $12.46 Portland, OR 6,249 $45.18 14,221 $36.16 6,628 $14.70 Philadelphia, PA 17,416 $49.81 35,104 $35.17 10,211 $13.94 Pittsburgh, PA 6,274 $44.08 13,925 $31.72 5,238 $12.57 Providence, RI 2,511 $46.81 6,533 $30.43 2,347 $14.50 Memphis, TN 1,930 $40.33 4,535 $30.89 1,519 $12.20 Nashville, TN 4,903 $41.44 10,900 $30.65 4,248 $12.14 Austin, TX 6,076 $45.51 15,000 $34.03 4,934 $13.33 Dallas, TX 17,845 $48.38 37,579 $35.24 11,231 $13.09 Houston, TX 9,966 $52.45 20,780 $37.12 6,803 $12.85 San Antonio, TX 3,776 $43.12 9,721 $32.14 3,977 $12.32 Salt Lake City, UT 3,718 $40.90 8,383 $33.02 2,564 $12.78 Richmond, VA 3,229 $44.40 8,468 $32.54 2,010 $13.13 Virginia Beach, VA 2,475 $43.06 7,545 $32.37 2,293 $12.99 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 14,633 $49.08 33,801 $41.02 11,188 $16.48 Milwaukee, WI 4,623 $44.50 10,661 $32.54 3,658 $12.58 1.The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 17

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Oct-17 Wage 2* Oct-17 Wage 2* Oct-17 Wage 2* United States 979,741 $18.54 310,222 $22.60 500,794 $17.60 Birmingham, AL 3,535 $18.09 1,038 $21.64 1,838 $8.22 Phoenix, AZ 15,895 $17.87 4,563 $21.34 5,581 $17.59 Tucson, AZ 2,179 $16.21 847 $20.33 699 $16.18 Los Angeles, CA 39,244 $20.03 7,406 $25.46 14,401 $16.96 Riverside, CA 8,868 $17.82 2,260 $23.73 4,557 $17.11 Sacramento, CA 6,922 $19.31 2,155 $24.99 2,680 $17.76 San Diego, CA 11,120 $19.39 3,039 $24.93 3,202 $17.31 San Francisco, CA 21,890 $23.76 4,890 $30.51 8,010 $21.50 San Jose, CA 7,814 $25.09 1,713 $28.57 2,563 $19.52 Denver, CO 14,410 $21.13 5,290 $23.15 5,871 $19.56 Hartford, CT 5,167 $7.86 1,224 $25.51 2,258 $19.29 Washington, DC 21,510 $21.37 5,775 $24.55 6,596 $19.71 Jacksonville, FL 4,429 $17.74 2,235 $19.77 1,946 $17.47 Miami, FL 16,876 $18.15 4,859 $20.15 4,575 $16.86 Orlando, FL 8,013 $16.78 3,227 $19.25 2,754 $15.98 Tampa, FL 9,232 $17.62 4,131 $18.81 3,341 $15.61 Atlanta, GA 18,780 $18.95 5,878 $21.50 9,645 $16.69 Honolulu, HI 3,923 $18.20 987 $29.52 1,635 $21.81 Chicago, IL 32,224 $19.65 6,304 $27.99 14,769 $17.89 Indianapolis, IN 6,865 $18.63 2,165 $22.44 4,666 $16.72 Louisville, KY 4,054 $17.51 1,277 $21.90 2,879 $18.57 New Orleans, LA 3,451 $7.44 1,284 $21.08 1,311 $19.93 Baltimore, MD 8,899 $19.41 2,869 $23.46 4,738 $6.04 Boston, MA 21,322 $22.52 4,530 $28.56 7,555 $19.07 Detroit, MI 13,665 $18.90 4,136 $24.23 6,951 $18.83 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 21,175 $20.95 5,184 $26.34 11,156 $18.73 Kansas City, MO 8,872 $18.43 2,311 $23.43 4,538 $18.07 St. Louis, MO 9,803 $18.32 2,191 $11.29 3,884 $17.86 Las Vegas, NV 6,514 $17.11 1,964 $23.71 2,360 $17.44 Buffalo, NY 4,399 $18.10 1,142 $22.96 2,008 $17.80 New York, NY 62,056 $22.65 11,351 $28.92 19,634 $19.04 Rochester, NY 3,281 $18.70 1,140 $22.64 1,684 $17.50 Charlotte, NC 7,808 $19.55 2,646 $20.70 3,963 $17.06 Cincinnati, OH 8,305 $10.85 2,330 $22.29 5,200 $17.67 Cleveland, OH 7,008 $18.96 2,093 $23.40 4,388 $17.65 Columbus, OH 7,957 $18.24 2,448 $22.09 4,546 $16.95 Oklahoma City, OK 3,427 $17.49 1,454 $20.93 1,797 $16.76 Portland, OR 10,225 $19.38 3,360 $24.71 6,373 $18.62 Philadelphia, PA 20,970 $19.98 5,059 $25.58 9,262 $18.32 Pittsburgh, PA 9,837 $18.11 2,705 $22.69 4,659 $17.73 Providence, RI 4,549 $19.25 1,344 $24.23 2,197 $17.34 Memphis, TN 3,411 $17.32 867 $20.24 2,607 $15.95 Nashville, TN 7,564 $18.06 2,037 $21.21 4,153 $16.69 Austin, TX 7,577 $20.26 2,631 $19.66 2,460 $16.29 Dallas, TX 23,492 $19.87 6,740 $20.73 9,908 $18.10 Houston, TX 14,366 $19.74 6,030 $22.31 6,473 $20.09 San Antonio, TX 5,806 $17.59 2,387 $19.73 2,521 $16.53 Salt Lake City, UT 6,051 $7.30 1,733 $21.95 2,890 $17.72 Richmond, VA 3,923 $18.59 1,611 $21.73 1,672 $17.40 Virginia Beach, VA 4,446 $16.68 1,954 $21.31 2,061 $18.46 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 17,864 $21.19 5,449 $27.50 7,931 $22.01 Milwaukee, WI 6,829 $19.76 1,956 $24.77 4,710 $18.12 1. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 18

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