American Anthem. Modern American History. Chapter 8. The First World War Columbus statute in Rhode Island

American Anthem Modern American History Chapter 8 Columbus statute in Rhode Island The First World War 1914-1920 Copyright 2010, Mr. Ellington Ruben S. Ayala High School

Chapter 8: The First World War, 1914-1920 1. A World Crisis A: Causes of World War I B: War Breaks Out C: Fighting in the Trenches D: The War Reaches a Stalemate 2. The United States in World War I A: United States Stays Neutral B: Heading Toward War C: Americans in Europe D: The War Ends 3. The Home Front A: Mobilizing the Economy B: Mobilizing Workers C: Influencing Public Opinion Columbus statute in Rhode Island 4. Peace Without Victory A: The Fourteen Points B: Paris Peace Conference C: Fight Over the Treaty D: The Impact of World War I

Part 1: A World Crisis Section 1A: Causes of World War I Immediate cause: assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Nationalism: extreme devotion to one s country/people Militarism: massive military buildups Schlieffen Plan: Germany plan to invade Belgium and France Alliance System

German army used new technology such as camouflage and machine guns to push within 25 miles of Paris early in the first few months First Battle of the Marne cost the French army 250,000 lives but pushed the Germans back and gave Russian army time to mobilize Part 1: A World Crisis Section 1B: War Breaks Out

Part 1: A World Crisis Section 1C: The War Reaches a Stalemate By late fall 1914, both sides had dug 400 miles of trenches for shelter Trench warfare led to a brutal stalemate and horrific loss of life Poison gas, tanks, and airplanes all failed to end the stalemate

Part 2: The United States in World War I Section 2A: United States Stays Neutral US declared neutrality even though most trade and sympathy was with the Allies Germany s response to the British blockade was unrestricted submarine warfare in the waters around England

Part 2: The United States in World War I Section 2B: Heading Toward War Germany promised not to attack neutral ships (Sussex Pledge, 1916) Wilson was reelected in 1916 on pledge of keeping US out of war The Zimmerman Note, fall of the Russian Czar, and resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare led the US join WWI in 1917

Part 2: The United States in World War I Section 2C: Americans in Europe US relied on a draft and spent months training its ill prepared army After the Bolshevik Revolution of Nov.1917, Russia dropped out of the war allowing Germany to send all its troops to the western front US troops halted the German army turning the tide of the war Second Battle of the Marne, 1918

Part 2: The United States in World War I Section 2D: The War Ends After several major US victories in 1918, the German army was spent Food riots, strikes, and uprisings led the Central Powers to give up The Armistice ending WWI went into effect on 11-11-1918 at 11 am Second Battle of the Marne, 1918

Part 3: The Home Front Section 3A: Mobilizing the Economy WWI was financed through an income tax on the rich and four bond drives The War Industries Board regulated materials needed for the war The Food Administration, led by Hoover, expanded food supplies by setting minimum prices, encouraging sacrifice and victory gardens US manufacturing helped supply the Allies and win the war

Part 3: The Home Front Section 3B: Mobilizing Workers War spending led to huge corporate profits and increased worker pay but many joined unions because of harsh working conditions Over 1 million US women joined the war effort in some capacity Influenza epidemic caused ½ of US soldier deaths and killed 675,000 Women making machine guns in New Haven, CT

Part 3: The Home Front Section 3C: Influencing Public Opinion The Committee on Public Information, led by George Creel, created a huge pro-war propaganda campaign with posters, movies, speeches Anti-German sentiment led to discrimination and some renaming The Sedition Act made it a crime to criticize the war or government Supreme Court upheld the Sedition Act in Schneck v. United States

Part 4: Peace Without Victory Section 4A: The Fourteen Points Wilson proposed a 14 point plan for lasting peace based on Progressive ideals

Part 4: Peace Without Victory Section 4B: Paris Peace Conference The Big Four (US, England, France, and Italy) dominated the peace talks Wilson wanted a fair treaty that would spread democracy and prevent future wars, Allies wanted to punish Germany and gain new colonies Wilson sacrificed most of what he wanted for a League of Nations

Part 4: Peace Without Victory Section 4C: The Fight Over the Treaty Senators divided into three groups towards the treaty: supporters (pro), irreconcilables (con), and reservationists (wanted changes) Wilson tried to appeal to the public but suffered a serious stroke Wilson s refusal to compromise doomed Senate ratification of Versailles Treaty and kept the US from joining the League of Nations

Part 4: Peace Without Victory Section 4D: The Impact of World War I World War I cost 14 million lives, $280 billion, and devastated Europe WWI strengthened the US economy, led to communism in Russia, overthrew several monarchies, and led to later colonial revolts American women finally won the right to vote in 1920