Nuclear material security in Thailand Ms. Jarunee Kraikaew (Nuclear Chemist, Senior level) Nuclear non-proliferation center (NPC) Bureau of Technical Support for Safety Regulation (BTSR) Office of Atoms for Peace, Bangkok, Thailand
Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) Ministry of Science and Technology 16 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Bangkok 10900,THAILAND
Background Thailand is the member of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons from December 7, 1972. Thailand, as the non-nuclear weapon state (NNWS), signed and ratified Safeguard Agreement with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on May 16, 1974. Thailand also signed Additional Protocol to Safeguard Agreement on September 22, 2005.
Background(cont.) There are only 2 MW research reactor under the operation of Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) or TINT. They keep some spent fuel (irradiated fuel, Category II) in the pond inside reactor building. Thailand has already signed International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. At present, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the other state agencies are performing all the concerning work to ratify this convention.
TINT 2 MW Research Reactor (TRR-1/M1)
Background (cont.) There are IAEA assistances under the project, International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS Mission), to give the advices about Physical Protection of nuclear materials in Thailand and to support the nuclear security in the building of TINT 2 MW research reactor by surveillance camera installation. As a member of United Nations, Thailand have to follow the resolution of United Nations Security Council 1540 (UNSCR1540, Non- Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction). It is necessary to set the nuclear material regulatory system to control the international transit and shipment of nuclear materials and all concerning components.
Background(cont.) On March 20, 1997, Thailand signed Bangkok Treaty to support South East Asia Nuclear Weapons-Free zone (SEANMFZ). The regulation of nuclear materials here also follow Atomic Energy Commission Proclamation, Thai Atomic Energy Commission for Peace Regulation of nuclear security procedures for nuclear materials in storage facilities during operation, transport, or processing: B.E.2554 in connection with IAEA guideline, Nuclear security recommendations on physical protection of nuclear material and nuclear facilities (INFCIRC 225 Rev.5).
NPC (OAP) Job Description Only 6-7 Thai government civil servants, including me, working with NPC. the main organization to regulate nuclear materials in Thailand and work together with another concerning agencies, both Domestic and International. a core group to regulate nuclear materials here under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons(NPT) and Safeguard Agreement. Under this agreement, NPC is required to establish and maintain a state system of accounting for and control of nuclear material.
NPC (OAP) Job Description Open the training courses and some workshops every years for the front line officers, i.e. soldiers, border patrol polices, forensic science polices, explosive ordnance disposal officers, customs officials, airport officers, and forensic science officers, to investigate the nuclear materials and the radioactive materials. Established nuclear forensics laboratory in 2013. Most of the assistance comes from European Union, EU.
NPC (OAP) Job Description One of OAP working group for preparation the improved Atomic Energy for Peace Act draft to support the Additional Protocol under the consideration of Thai Council of State. During the stage of performing to apply to be the member of Convention of the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. At present, the regulation draft of Thai Atomic Energy Commission on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC 225 Rev. 5 Implementation) has been already prepared and is in consideration of Thai Council of State.
IAEA Regional Workshop on the implementation of Nuclear Security Recommendation on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC/225/Revisions) Pataya, Thailand (September, 8-12, 2014)
The concerning work under Safeguards Agreement performed by NPC Since the irradiated fuel of TINT research reactor is the special nuclear material, it is TINT s responsibility to report accounting records of all inventory changes, all concerning measurements, and all adjustments and corrections. TINT s reports, Physical Inventory Listing: PIL, and Material Balance Report: MBR, are delivered to NPC. If there is the import and export of these special nuclear materials, the Inventory Change Report or ICR will be created and reported to NPC too. NPC will inspect this facility first from TINT s accounting records and check nuclear material quantities together with all the detector devices by visual observation. They also inspect nuclear material storage and the measures of safety and security of this facility. Their inspection reports together with TINT s reports will be submitted to IAEA.
The concerning work under Safeguards Agreement performed by NPC (cont.) Once a year, IAEA Nuclear Safeguards Inspector will inspect TINT research reactor, from the reports obtained. They will investigate the irradiated fuel according to TINT s reports and perform the verification by other physical examinations on some important checkpoints that are declared in Subsidiary Arrangement. The counting of nuclear fuel rods and other items, which have the nuclear materials as the component, is also implemented.
IAEA Safeguards Inspection IAEA Safeguards Inspection at TINT research reactor
Another concerning legal and regulatory work There is the Subcommittee on Law and Regulation of Export Control for Dual-Use Items which has the Deputy Director General of the Department of Foreign Trade as the Chairman and includes 14 members from 10 following agencies: Defense Industrial Department, Department of Industrial Works, Department of Agriculture, Department of Medical Sciences, The Customs Department, Department of Treaties and Legal Affairs, Department of Foreign Trade, Law Reform Commission Office of the Council of state, Office of Atoms for Peace and Office of National Broadcasting and Telecommunications commission.
Another concerning legal and regulatory work(cont.) This Subcommittee has approved to use list of controlled dualuse items of European Union, commonly known as the EU List, which is used worlds wide as a guideline or reference for national control list. The latest version is the EU List 2012, which is included in the Regulation (EU) No 388/2012 of the European Parliament and of the council of 19 April 2012 amending Council Regulation (EU) No 428/2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items.
Another concerning legal and regulatory work(cont.) These Duel-use Goods which are export controlled under the regulation of OAP (Ministry of Science and Technology) are source materials (uranium and thorium), special nuclear materials (plutonium with density of 233 or 235) and other by-product materials (all types of radioactive materials) under the Atomic Energy for Peace Act, B.E. 2504(1961). EU List 2012 Category 0 Nuclear Materials, Facilities, and Equipment Duel-use Goods export control Codes: 0A001: Nuclear reactors and specially designed or prepared equipment and other components. 0C001: Natural uranium or depleted uranium or thorium in the form of metal, alloy, chemical compound or concentrate and any other material containing one or more of the foregoing.
Thai working agencies in Nuclear security detection architecture systems (not the same as nuclear security system applying in TINT research reactor) Customs, Border Control and Law Enforcement 1. The Customs Department, Ministry of Finance 2. The Port Authority of Thailand (PAT), Ministry of Transport 3. International Airports, Ministry of Transport 4. Immigration Bureau, Ministry of Interior Licensing and Inspection OAP (NPC and another concerning Bureaus)
Nuclear and Radioactive Materials out of regulatory control (need to detect at Port of Entry and/or Exit (POE) or at the Borders) Lost/stolen medical services Scrap nuclear materials Weapons or components Nuclear bomb Dirty bomb Exposure devices Contaminated goods
The Customs Department, Ministry of Finance IMPORT PROCEDURES
The Customs Department, Ministry of Finance Export Procedures
The Port Authority of Thailand (PAT), Ministry of Transport By ships Ports of Entry and/or Exit (POE) Port of Laem Chabang(East) Port of Bangkok(central) Port of Chiang Saen(north) Port of Chiang Khong(northeast) Port of Ranong (South)
Khlong Toei Harbor, (Port of Bangkok)
Inspection Station (Port of Laem Chabang) IAEA Regional Workshop, Pataya, Thailand (September, 8-12, 2014)
Inspection Station (Port of Laem Chabang) IAEA Regional Workshop, Pataya, Thailand (September, 8-12, 2014)
International Airports, Ministry of Transport By aircraft Bangkok s Suvarnabhumi Airport (BKK) Don Muang Airport (DMK) Phuket (HKT) Chiang Mai (CNX) Hat Yai (HDY) Koh Samui (USM)
Immigration Bureau, Ministry of Interior Thai Immigration checkpoints North Northeast Central South
Plan to apply the knowledge and experience earned from this Training Course to NPC work Technical support in legal and regulatory control of nuclear material. Take part in Nuclear Security Detection Architecture systems concerning with NPC. Searching and studying the present Thai Nuclear Security systems, their work and their present strategies. If there is anything of the existing systems to develop, it is supposed to set the new concepts and propose to the concerning working groups via the agreement of NPC Director.
Sources 1. NPC data, In Thai (from Mr. Arug Vitittheeranon, Acting NPC Director) 2. Nuclear material inspection under Safeguards Agreement (inthai), http://www.oaep.go.th/dt_news3.php?id=1120 3. TINT implementation on Safeguards Agreement (in Thai), http://www0.tint.or.th/nkc/nkc51/nkc5104/nkc5104e.html 4. Atomic Energy for Peace Act, Ministerial Regulations (In English), Office of the Atomic Energy for Peace, Bangkok, Thailand. 5. INFCIRC241 Version 5.pdf (English-Thai, Dr.Kantika). 6. www.iaea.org 7. Unauthorized Removal-Categorization, NSS13_Mod_3_Session_2_ID_Threat_2014.pptx. 8. NSS13_Mod1_Session_2_Instruments_2014.pptx 9. http://www.manager.co.th/science/viewnews.aspx?newsid=9570000053155
Sources (cont.) 10. Thailand Duel-use Goods export control, power point presentation (In Thai), Bureau of Trade Measures, Department of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Commerce, October 18, 2011, S31 Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand. 11. http://www.dft.go.th/default.aspx?tabid=107&language=en-us 12. Thailand s Progress on Establishing Export Control System http://www.dft.go.th/default.aspx?tabid=420 13.. www.dft.go.th/default.aspx?alias=www.dft.go.th/exportcontrol 14. Trade.2c.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2008/september/tradoc_140595.pdf 15. http://www.dft.go.th/default.aspx?tabid=107&language=en-us
Sources (cont.) 17. http://www.customs.go.th/ 18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/port_authority_of_thailand 19. http://www.tourismthailand.org/travel-and-transport/thailandairports-around 20. http://www.immigration.go.th/nov2004/en/base.php 21. www.dive-the-world.com