Safety and Health Movement: An Overview p. 1 Developments Before the Industrial Revolution p. 2 Milestones in the Safety Movement p. 3 Tragedies That Have Changed the Safety Movement p. 5 Role of Organized Labor p. 8 Role of Specific Health Problems p. 9 Development of Accident Prevention Programs p. 10 Development of Safety Organizations p. 12 Safety and Health Movement Today p. 13 Integrated Approach to Safety and Health p. 14 Total Safety Management p. 15 New Materials, New Processes, and New Problems p. 15 Rapid Growth in the Profession p. 16 Return on Investment in Safety and Health Management p. 16 Accidents and Their Effects p. 19 Costs of Accidents p. 20 Accidental Deaths in the United States p. 21 Accidents versus Other Causes of Death p. 22 Work Accident Costs and Rates p. 22 Time Lost Because of Work Injuries p. 23 Deaths in Work Accidents p. 23 Work Injuries by Type of Accident p. 23 Death Rates by Industry p. 24 Parts of the Body Injured on the Job p. 25 Chemical Burn Injuries p. 26 Heat Burn Injuries p. 26 Repetitive Strain/Soft Tissue Injuries p. 27 Estimating the Cost of Accidents p. 28 Global Impact of Accidents and Injuries p. 30 Establishing a Safety-First Corporate Culture p. 32 Theories of Accident Causation p. 37 Domino Theory of Accident Causation p. 38 Human Factors Theory of Accident Causation p. 40 Accident/Incident Theory of Accident Causation p. 42 Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation p. 45 Systems Theory of Accident Causation p. 47 Combination Theory of Accident Causation p. 50 Behavioral Theory of Accident Causation p. 51 Drugs and Accident Causation p. 52 Depression and Accident Causation p. 52 Management Failures and Accident Causation p. 53
Obesity and Accident Causation p. 55 Roles and Professional Certifications for Safety and Health Professionals p. 57 Modern Safety and Health Teams p. 58 Safety and Health Manager p. 58 Engineers and Safety p. 68 Industrial Hygienist p. 73 Health Physicist p. 73 Occupational Physician p. 73 Occupational Health Nurse p. 75 Risk Manager p. 75 Certification of Safety and Health Professionals p. 76 Emerging Role of Safety and Health Professionals p. 80 The OSH Act, Standards, and Liability p. 83 Rationale for the OSH Act p. 84 OSHA's Mission and Purpose p. 84 OSH Act Coverage p. 85 OSHA Standards p. 86 OSHA's Record Keeping and Reporting p. 92 Keeping Employees Informed p. 100 Workplace Inspections and Enforcement p. 100 OSHA's Enhanced Enforcement Policy p. 102 Citations and Penalties p. 104 Appeals Process p. 105 State-Level OSHA Programs p. 106 Services Available from OSHA p. 106 Employer Rights and Responsibilities p. 110 Employee Rights and Responsibilities p. 112 Keeping Up-to-Date on OSHA p. 113 Problems with OSHA p. 113 Other Agencies and Organizations p. 114 OSHA's General Industry Standards p. 119 OSHA's Maritime Standards p. 126 OSHA's Construction Standards p. 128 Standards and Codes p. 129 Laws and Liability p. 129 Workers' Compensation p. 137 Overview of Workers' Compensation p. 137 Historical Perspective p. 140 Workers' Compensation Legislation p. 141 Modern Workers' Compensation p. 143 Workers' Compensation Insurance p. 144
Resolution of Workers' Compensation Disputes p. 146 Injuries and Workers' Compensation p. 146 Disabilities and Workers' Compensation p. 147 Monetary Benefits of Workers' Compensation p. 151 Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation p. 154 Medical Management of Workplace Injuries p. 155 Administration and Case Management p. 156 Cost Allocation p. 157 Problems with Workers' Compensation p. 157 Spotting Workers' Compensation Fraud and Abuse p. 158 Future of Workers' Compensation p. 159 Cost-Reduction Strategies p. 160 Accident Investigation and Reporting p. 165 Types of Accident Investigations p. 166 When to Investigate p. 166 What to Investigate p. 168 Who Should Investigate p. 170 Conducting the Investigation p. 171 Interviewing Witnesses p. 173 Reporting Accidents p. 175 Ten Accident Investigation Mistakes to Avoid p. 180 Ergonomic Hazards: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) p. 183 Ergonomics Defined p. 184 Human Factors and Ergonomic Hazards p. 185 Factors Associated with Physical Stress p. 186 Ergonomics: A Political Football p. 187 OSHA's Voluntary Ergonomics Guidelines p. 188 Worksite Analysis Program for Ergonomics p. 193 Hazard Prevention and Control p. 196 Medical Management Program p. 197 Training and Education p. 200 Common Indicators of Problems p. 201 Identifying Specific Ergonomic Problems p. 202 Ergonomic Problem-Solving Strategies p. 204 Economics of Ergonomics p. 209 Cumulative Trauma Disorders p. 210 Participatory Ergonomics p. 213 Stress and Safety p. 217 Workplace Stress Defined p. 217 Sources of Workplace Stress p. 218 Human Reactions to Workplace Stress p. 221
Measurement of Workplace Stress p. 221 Shift Work, Stress, and Safety p. 222 Improving Safety by Reducing Workplace Stress p. 223 Stress in Safety Managers p. 225 Stress and Workers' Compensation p. 225 Mechanical Hazards and Machine Safeguarding p. 227 Common Mechanical Injuries p. 228 Safeguarding Defined p. 231 OSHA's Requirements for Machine Guarding p. 231 Risk Assessment in Machine Operation p. 232 Design Requirements for Safeguards p. 234 Point-of-Operation Guards p. 234 Point-of-Operation Devices p. 235 Machine Guarding Self-Assessment p. 238 Feeding and Ejection Systems p. 239 Robot Safeguards p. 239 Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout Systems) p. 240 Permanent Electrical Safety Devices in Lockout/Tagout Programs p. 244 Evaluating Lockout/Tagout Programs p. 245 General Precautions p. 246 Basic Program Content p. 246 Taking Corrective Action p. 247 Falling, Impact, Acceleration, Lifting, and Vision Hazards with Appropriate PPE p. 249 Causes of Falls p. 250 Kinds of Falls p. 250 Walking and Slipping p. 250 Slip and Fall Prevention Programs p. 253 OSHA Fall Protection Standards p. 254 Ladder Safety p. 257 What to do After a Fall p. 259 Monitor Fall Protection Equipment and Know Why It Fails p. 260 Impact and Acceleration Hazards p. 260 Lifting Hazards p. 267 Standing Hazards p. 270 Hand Protection p. 272 Personal Protective Equipment p. 275 Forklift Safety (Powered Industrial Trucks) p. 277 Hazards of Temperature Extremes p. 283 Thermal Comfort p. 283 Heat Stress and Strain p. 284 Cold Stress p. 288
Burns and Their Effects p. 292 Chemical Burns p. 294 Pressure Hazards p. 299 Pressure Hazards Defined p. 299 Sources of Pressure Hazards p. 300 Boilers and Pressure Hazards p. 301 High-Temperature Water Hazards p. 302 Hazards of Unfired Pressure Vessels p. 302 Hazards of High-Pressure Systems p. 303 Cracking Hazards in Pressure Vessels p. 303 Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels p. 305 Pressure Dangers to Humans p. 306 Decompression Procedures p. 307 Measurement of Pressure Hazards p. 308 Reduction of Pressure Hazards p. 309 Electrical Hazards p. 313 Electrical Hazards Defined p. 313 Sources of Electrical Hazards p. 316 Electrical Hazards to Humans p. 320 Detection of Electrical Hazards p. 322 Reduction of Electrical Hazards p. 322 OSHA's Electrical Standards p. 325 Electrical Safety Program p. 326 Electrical Hazards Self-Assessment p. 327 Prevention of Arc Flash Injuries p. 328 Permanent Electrical Safety Devices p. 329 Fire Hazards and Life Safety p. 333 Fire Hazards Defined p. 333 Sources of Fire Hazards p. 337 Fire Dangers to Humans p. 340 Detection of Fire Hazards p. 341 Reduction of Fire Hazards p. 342 Development of Fire Safety Standards p. 347 OSHA Fire Standards p. 347 Life Safety p. 348 Flame-Resistant Clothing p. 351 Fire Safety Programs p. 351 Explosive Hazards p. 353 OSHA's Firefighting Options p. 355 Self-Assessment in Fire Protection p. 356 Industrial Hygiene and Confined Spaces p. 359
Overview of Industrial Hygiene p. 360 Industrial Hygiene Standards p. 360 OSH Act and Industrial Hygiene p. 361 Hazards in the Workplace p. 365 Toxic Substances Defined p. 367 Entry Points for Toxic Agents p. 367 Effects of Toxic Substances p. 369 Relationship of Doses and Responses p. 370 Airborne Contaminants p. 371 Effects of Airborne Toxics p. 372 Effects of Carcinogens p. 373 Asbestos Hazards p. 373 Indoor Air Quality and "Sick-Building" Syndrome p. 376 Toxic Mold and Indoor Air Quality p. 378 ASTM D7338: Guide for the Assessment of Fungal Growth in Buildings p. 380 Threshold Limit Values p. 381 Hazard Recognition and Evaluation p. 382 Prevention and Control p. 384 NIOSH and Industrial Hygiene p. 385 NIOSH Guidelines for Respirators p. 386 Standards and Regulations p. 388 General Safety Precautions p. 390 Confined Space Hazards p. 392 OSHA Confined Space Standard p. 393 OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard p. 397 Nanoscale Materials and Industrial Hygiene p. 399 Violence in the Workplace p. 403 Occupational Safety and Workplace Violence: The Relationship p. 403 Workplace Violence: Definitions p. 404 Legal Considerations p. 404 Risk-Reduction Strategies p. 406 OSHA's Voluntary Guidelines on Workplace Violence p. 407 Do's and Don'ts for Supervisors p. 415 Emergency Preparedness Plan p. 416 Noise and Vibration Hazards p. 419 Hearing Loss Prevention Terms p. 420 Characteristics of Sound p. 422 Hazard Levels and Risks p. 423 Standards and Regulations p. 424 Workers' Compensation and Noise Hazards p. 430 Identifying and Assessing Hazardous Noise Conditions p. 430
Noise Control Strategies p. 432 Vibration Hazards p. 437 Other Effects of Noise Hazards p. 438 Corporate Policy p. 438 Evaluating Hearing Loss Prevention Programs p. 440 Future of Hearing Conservation: Noise Reduction Rating p. 444 Fit Testing of HPDs p. 445 Preparing for Emergencies and Terrorism p. 449 Rationale for Emergency Preparation p. 450 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act p. 450 Organization and Coordination p. 452 OSHA Standards p. 452 First Aid in Emergencies p. 453 How to Plan for Emergencies p. 455 Planning for Workers with Disabilities p. 458 Evacuation Planning p. 463 Customizing Plans to Meet Local Needs p. 464 Emergency Response p. 465 Computers and Emergency Response p. 466 Dealing with the Psychological Trauma of Emergencies p. 467 Recovering from Disasters p. 468 Terrorism in the Workplace p. 470 Resuming Business after a Disaster p. 473 Bloodbome Pathogens in the Workplace p. 477 Symptoms of AIDS p. 478 AIDS in the Workplace p. 478 Legal Concerns p. 480 AIDS Education p. 484 Counseling Infected Employees p. 485 Easing Employees' Fears about AIDS p. 486 Protecting Employees from AIDS p. 487 Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) in the Workplace p. 489 OSHA's Standard on Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens p. 491 Preventing and Responding to Needlestick Injuries p. 496 Glossary p. 499 Index p. 510 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.