by Elizabeth Jaffe HOUGHTON MIFFLIN

by Elizabeth Jaffe HOUGHTON MIFFLIN

by Elizabeth Jaffe MAP CREDIT: Steve Toole PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Cover Robert W. Kelley/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images 1 Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library 3 Associated Press. 4, 6, 7, 8 Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 8-9 The Granger Collection, New York. 11-12 Bettmann/ CORBIS. 14 Robert W. Kelley/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers, Attn: Permissions, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Printed in China ISBN-13: 978-0-547-01922-2 ISBN-10: 0-547-01922-X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0940 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

Table of Contents Childhood............................. 4 A Trip to Mexico....................... 5 Living with His Grandmother............. 6 A Young Poet.......................... 7 Back to Mexico......................... 9 Living in Harlem...................... 11 A Trip to Africa!....................... 12 Grand-Prize Winner................... 13 A World-Famous Poet.................. 14 2

Langston Hughes was one of the most important American poets of the twentieth century. He wrote poems, novels, short stories, plays, and children s books. He loved to write about the life and dreams of black people. Today, people all over the United States and all over the world read his books. Langston Hughes got his own stamp! 3

Childhood Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, on February 1, 1902. Langston lived there with his mother. Langston s mother took him to see plays and other shows. They also went to the library, where he loved to be surrounded by books. Langston s father lived in Mexico. He was a lawyer. He could not get a good job in the United States because he was black. In Mexico, he got a job that paid well. Carolina Langston Hughes was Langston s mother. James Nathaniel Hughes, Jr., was Langston s father. 4

A Trip to Mexico When Langston was 5, he went with his mother and grandmother to Mexico City. They were going to live with his father. But just after they got there, there was a big earthquake. Buildings fell down around them. Langston s heart was fluttering as his father carried him to safety. Langston s mother refused to live in a place where there were earthquakes. She took Langston and his grandmother back to the United States. The Hughes family never lived together again. 5

Living with His Grandmother After they returned to the United States, Langston s mother moved away to find work. She left Langston with his grandmother Mary, in Lawrence, Kansas. Mary Langston was a woman with African, French, and Cherokee heritage. When Mary was younger, she helped slaves escape Mary Langston from the South to the northern was Langston s United States and Canada. She grandmother. taught Langston about great African Americans including members of his own family! Mary Langston s brother-inlaw, John Mercer, had been a United States congressman from Virginia. Langston s grandmother loved to read to him from books, newspapers, and magazines. But when Langston came home from school, she made him stay inside. He had no one to play with, so books were his only friends. 6

A Young Poet When Langston s grandmother died, Langston moved to Cleveland, Ohio, to live with his mother again. He felt accepted at his new school. Langston began to write poems for the school magazine. In eighth grade, he was chosen to be class poet. His career as a writer had begun! 7

8 In 1919, when he was 17, Langston spent the summer with his father in Mexico. More and more, he wrote poetry to express his feelings. He wrote whenever he could. Back in Cleveland, Langston was an excellent student, an actor, a writer, and he played sports too. In his last year at Central High School, he was named class poet again!

Back to Mexico After Langston graduated from high school, in 1920, he wanted to go to college, but college was expensive. He needed his father s help to pay for it. So he went to Mexico again to ask him. On the train ride down, Langston stared out the window at the Mississippi River. He thought about black people in the United States and in Africa and how rivers were important to their lives. Sitting in the train, he wrote a poem called The Negro Speaks of Rivers. 9

When he was in Mexico, he sent the poem to a magazine in New York. They wanted to print it! Langston was excited, even though the magazine did not pay for his poem. Langston wanted to go to college to become a writer. But his father said that he would only pay for college if Langston studied something else. Langston wondered what to do. Finally, his father agreed to help. New York in the 1920s 10

Living in Harlem Langston went to Columbia University in New York City. Columbia was next to Harlem, and Langston loved living in Harlem. He met many important writers and artists. He listened to a lot of jazz music. He wrote poems that sounded like jazz. But he didn t like Columbia because white people there treated him badly. After one year, Langston decided to leave and travel around the world. 11

A Trip to Africa! Langston found a job on a boat going to Africa! The boat visited fifteen countries in West Africa, and Langston talked with many Africans. Most people in West Africa had dark brown skin. Langston had lighter skin than they did. Many African people thought he was a white man. But Langston did not pretend to be white. He was proud to be a black man. 12

While he traveled, Langston wrote poems and articles. He sent them to magazines in the United States. Some magazines published his writing. And this time they paid him! Grand-Prize Winner Langston returned to the United States in 1924. The next year, Opportunity Magazine gave him the grand prize for his poem Weary Blues. He found a job working at a hotel in Washington, D.C. A famous white poet, Vachel Lindsay, was sitting at one of his tables. Langston quickly wrote down three of his poems and put them next to Mr. Lindsay s plate. Mr. Lindsay read them and liked them a lot. The next morning there was a story in the newspaper about Langston s poems. In 1926, Langston s first book of poems was published. It was all about the lives of people in Harlem. After that book, Langston was sometimes called Harlem s Poet. 13

A World-Famous Poet Langston finally was earning a living by writing. He also helped other black writers get stories and poems published. Now that Langston had a little money, he traveled around the world again. He visited the Soviet Union, Japan, Haiti, and many other countries. Wherever he went, he wrote and read his poems aloud. Finally, back in the United States, he became a poetry teacher at different Langston Hughes at age 56. universities. He wanted to help younger poets and teach them all that he knew. Langston Hughes died in 1967. Today people around the world read his poems. 14

Responding TARGET SKILL Understanding People How would you describe people in this book? Copy the chart. Write the names of people from the book. Describe something about each person. List a detail from the story that supports your description. Character Description Detail Langston Hughes? hard-working? did not give up writing poetry? Write About It Text to World Write a descriptive paragraph about a trip. Include where you went, who you went with, and what you saw. 15

TARGET VOCABULARY accepted expressed fluttering grand pretend prize taught wonder EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY blues congressman earthquake heritage jazz published TARGET SKILL Understanding Characters Tell more about the characters. TARGET STRATEGY Analyze/Evaluate Tell how you feel about the text, and why. GENRE A biography tells about events in a person s life. 16

Level: P DRA: 38 Genre: Biography Strategy: Analyze/Evaluate Skill: Understanding Characters Word Count: 1,003 2.4.18 HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books 1031786