Higher Education 2018 INTERNATIONAL FACTS AND FIGURES

Higher Education 2018 INTERNATIONAL FACTS AND FIGURES

The UK higher education sector is a global success story. The international diversity we see in our institutions and our academic community, and the experiences, teaching and research they offer, are renowned the world over. The quality and reputation of our sector is, in no small part, down to the scale, scope and quality of our universities global engagement. We are truly an international sector with global reach and influence. International Facts and Figures 2018 presents a snapshot of the international dimensions of UK higher education. It provides an overview of: The international students choosing the UK, where these students come from, what level they study at and which subjects; The international students who study for UK degree programmes outside the UK through transnational education; The UK sector s provision for students who want to study outside the UK on outward student mobility schemes; The international staff choosing to live and work in the UK: where our staff, both academic and non-academic come from and what they do; The collaborations, funding and partnerships from across the world that benefit our research. The final section of International Facts and Figures 2018 includes a new regional breakdown of UK higher education engagement across the world. As the analysis in this booklet shows, the UK s universities continue to become more international, year on year. International campuses, staff and research collaboration continue to bring great benefits to the UK sector. While leaving the European Union will have an impact on the UK higher education sector, the extent of this remains to be seen and the extensive, invaluable international networks of our universities will be fundamental to ensuring the UK remains open to the world. Vivienne Stern Director Universities UK International July 2018 2 Note: Copyright Higher Education Statistics Agency Limited. Neither the Higher Education Statistics Agency Limited nor HESA Services Limited can accept responsibility for any inferences or conclusions derived by third parties from data or other information obtained from Heidi Plus.

CONTENTS INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Where do international students study around the world? 5 How many international students does the UK receive? 6 Where do international students in the UK come from? 7 What do international students in the UK study? 8 The impact of international students 9 The economic impact of international students 10 Transnational education 11 UK STUDENTS STUDYING ABROAD What kind of international experiences do UK students have and where do they go? 13 Do students benefit from a period abroad as part of their degree? 14 How do UK students use the Erasmus+ programme? 15 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH How does the publication rate of the UK compare internationally? 21 Which countries are the UK s top collaborative partners? 22 How does the UK collaborate through EU programmes? 23 How much research funding comes from overseas sources? 24 REGIONAL PROFILES Africa 26 Asia 28 Australasia 30 Europe 32 Middle East 34 North America 36 South America 38 INTERNATIONAL STAFF What do international staff in the UK do? 17 Where do international staff in the UK come from? 18 Where do international staff in the UK come from? 19 3

INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS The UK remains an extremely popular destination for international students, attracting more students from abroad than any other country except the much larger USA. The range of countries from which international students in the UK come from continues to grow and is changing rapidly. However, the UK s closest competitors such as USA, Australia, France and Germany all continue to grow at a faster rate than the UK with growth rates of 9.4%, 10.7%, 1.8% and 8.7%. Over the same period, the UK s international enrolments grew by just 0.5%. International students don t just study for UK degrees in the UK. Over 700,000 students now study for UK higher education qualifications outside of the UK. Transnational Education (TNE) is an increasingly significant and successful characteristic of UK universities international activity and this trend looks set to continue. 4

WHERE DO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS STUDY AROUND THE WORLD? 2 nd The UK is the second most popular destination in the world for international students. Figure 1: Share of international student enrolments (OECD countries only), 2015 Figure 2: Number of international student enrolments, 2015 (2014) 27.5% UNITED STATES 13.1% UNITED KINGDOM 8.9% AUSTRALIA 1 2 United States 907,251 (829,412) United Kingdom 430,833 (428,724) 3 Australia 294,438 (266,048) 9.4% 0.5% 10.7% 6 Russia 226,431 (213,347) 7 Canada 171,603 (164,274) 8 Japan 131,980 (132,685) 6.1% 4.5% -0.5% 7.3% FRANCE 4 France 239,409 (235,123) 1.8% 9 China (People s Republic of) 13.8% 123,127 (108,217) 19.4% OTHER 2.6% NETHERLANDS 2.7% ITALY 4.0% JAPAN 5.2% CANADA 6.9% GERMANY 5 Germany 228,756 (210,542) 8.7% 10 Italy 90,419 (87,544) 3.3% 2.3% SPAIN Source: Sources: Education at a Glance 2017. Indicator C4 What is the profile of internationally mobile students? C4.1. International student mobility and foreign students in tertiary education (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2017-en. Education at a Glance. International student mobility. Tertiary mobile enrolment, total number. http://stats.oecd.org/index. aspx?datasetcode=eag_enrl_mobiles_origin# 5

HOW MANY INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS DOES THE UK RECEIVE? 442,375 The total number of international students studying at UK universities in 2016 17.* Figure 3: Number of EU students in the UK, by level of study, 2007 08 to 2016 17 Figure 4: Number of non-eu students in the UK, by level of study, 2007 08 to 2016 17 0 50k 100k 150k 0 50k 100k 150k 200k 250k 300k 350k 2016 17 134,835 2016 17 307,540 2015 16 127,440 2015 16 310,575 2014 15 124,575 2014 15 312,010 2013 14 125,300 2013 14 310,195 2012 13 125,290 2012 13 299,970 2011 12 132,550 2011 12 302,680 2010 11 130,120 2010 11 298,110 2009 10 125,045 2009 10 280,760 2008 09 117,660 2008 09 251,310 2007 08 112,150 2007 08 229,640 Undergraduate Postgraduate (Taught) Postgraduate (Research) Undergraduate Postgraduate (Taught) Postgraduate (Research) 6 Source: HESA Student record [multiple years] *Figure differs from OECD figure on previous page due to different academic years

WHERE DO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UK COME FROM? 1 in 5 The proportion of international students studying at UK universities that are from China. Figure 5: Domicile of international students in the UK 2016 17 and percentage change from 2015 16, top 20 Canada 5,915-1.1% 20 Ireland 10,070-1.7% 10 France 13,560 8.3% 2 United States 17,580 2.7% 7 13 Spain 8,820 12.5% 6 8 Italy 13,455 10.9% Germany 13,735 2.3% 17 Poland 6,585 16.4% Romania 14 8,110 12.6% 18 Bulgaria 6,290 1.5% 11 Greece 10,045 2.6% Saudi Arabia 8,065-5.9% 9 12 Cyprus (EU) 8,955-2.0% 15 Nigeria 12,665-21.3% India 4 16,550-1.2% 19 Thailand 6,175 1.3% 16 1 China 95,090 4.2% 3 Hong Kong 16,680-0.4% 5 Malaysia 16,370-5.9% Singapore 7,300-3.2% Source: HESA Student record [multiple years] 7

WHAT DO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UK STUDY? 27% The percentage of international students studying business and administrative studies. Figure 6: International students in the UK by subject and level of study, 2016 17 0 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000 150,000 Business and administrative studies Engineering and technology Social studies Creative arts and design Biological sciences Law Subjects allied to medicine Computer science Languages Physical sciences Architecture, building and planning Mass communications and documentation Medicine and dentistry Education Historical and philosophical studies Mathematical sciences Combined Agriculture and related subjects Veterinary science Undergraduate Postgraduate (Taught) Postgraduate (Research) 8 Source: HESA Student record [2016 17]

THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 78% of undergraduate students believe that studying alongside international peers prepares them for working in a global environment. Figure 7: Home students views on studying alongside international students Figure 8: Poll of British public on international students It gives me a better world view 23% 53% 19% 5% 1% Students have to be more aware of cultural sensitivities It helps me develop a global network 18% 16% 47% 59% 18% 4% 25% 10% 1% 73% of the British public would like to see the same number or more international students coming to study in the UK. Strongly agree Agree Neither Disagree Strongly disagree Source: Left: HEPI (2015) Right: Comres (2017) Note: Figure 7 is based on the responses of 1,009 students. Figure 8 is based on the responses of 4,043 British adults in March 2017. 9

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS Figure 9: Export earnings generated by international students by UK region, 2014 15 25.8bn Fact Economic solut occatiam output repedit generated labores for the UK equiatest economy istis through aboris on eturibus and offcampus udantusant spending by experspe international students and their visitors. Scotland 837m Ulster University & Queen s University Belfast 123m North West 970m West Midlands 904m Wales 576m South West 612m North East 514m Yorkshire & Humber 835m East Midlands 688m East of England 781m London 2.74bn South East 1.27bn In 2014 15: 13.6bn Gross value added generated by international students on and off-campus spending 12.9bn Total revenue of higher education related exports and transnational education activity 206,600 Full-time equivalent jobs supported by international students studying in the UK 10 Sources: Universities UK (2017) The Economic Impact of International students; Universities Scotland (2013) Grow, Export, attract support; Universities Wales (2015) The Economic Impact of higher education in Wales; Universities UK (2017) The Economic Impact of Queen s University Belfast and Ulster University on the Northern Ireland Economy; Department for Education (2018), UK revenue from education related exports and transnational education activity in 2015. Note: The figures for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland represent total export earnings and therefore include international income earned by HEIs from overseas businesses, charities, governments.

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION 707,915 Students undertaking UK HE Transnational Education. Figure 10: Trends in UK HE TNE student numbers, 2012 13 to 2016 17 750k 700k 650k 636,675 663,915 701,010 707,915 600k 598,485 550k 500k 2012 13 2013 14 2014 15 2015 16 2016 17 Annual TNE student numbers Figure 11: UK HE TNE student numbers by type of provision, 2016 17 0 50k 100k 150k 200k 250k 300k 350k 400k 450k Studying for an award of the reporting provider Collaborative provision Distance, flexible and distributed learning Overseas campus Other arrangement Undergraduate Postgraduate (Taught) Postgraduate (Research) Source: HESA Aggregate Offshore Record [multiple years] 11

UK STUDENTS STUDYING ABROAD Internationalisation is not just about students coming to the UK. The UK higher education sector encourages students to study, work and volunteer abroad as part of their degree. UUKi research has found a correlation between outward mobility and improved academic and employment outcomes. In recognition of the demand for global graduates and the growing skills deficit, UUKi launched a campaign to support delivery of the national 2020 target for mobility. The Go International: Stand Out campaign aims to double the percentage of students who study, work or volunteer abroad to 13% by 2020. So far, over 80 partner institutions * and organisations across the sector have pledged to take action towards delivering on this target and this number keeps rising. Any institution or organisation that would like to play a part in delivering this ambitious target can sign the campaign charter and submit a pledge to help boost and broaden outward student mobility. ** 12 *This figure is for July 2018 and is expected to grow throughout the campaign to 2020. **For more information, visit universitiesuk.ac.uk/standout.

WHAT KIND OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES DO UK STUDENTS HAVE AND WHERE DO THEY GO? 7.2% The percentage of the 2015 16 graduating cohort who undertook a period of mobility between 2013 14 and 2015 16. Figure 12: Mobility by type (% of total), 2013 14 to 2015 16 Figure 13: Mobility by duration (% of total), 2013 14 to 2015 16 74.5% Study 16.1% 2.8% 22.7% Work Volunteering 68.5% Long-term (14 weeks plus) Medium-term (5 13 weeks) 15.3% Short-term (1 4 weeks) Figure 14: Mobility by region of destination (mobility instances), 2013 14 to 2015 16 European Union North America Asia Australasia Africa Non-EU Europe South America Middle East 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 Source: UUKi (2018) Gone International: Expanding Opportunities Note: UK-domiciled, full-time, undergraduate, first degree completers of the 2015 16 DLHE survey. 13

Fact Mobile students are DO STUDENTS BENEFIT FROM A PERIOD ABROAD AS PART OF THEIR DEGREE? 20% less likely to be unemployed six months after graduation than their non-mobile peers. Figure 15: Outcomes of the 2015 16 graduate cohort, six months after graduation Lower unemployment rates More likely to earn a 1st Higher likelihood of a graduate job 3.6% 4.4% 29.7% 25.0% 77.7% 70.5% Mobile Non-mobile Mobile Non-mobile Mobile Non-mobile Higher starting salaries 23,047 21,628 Mobile Non-mobile 14 Source: UUKi (2018) Gone International: Expanding Opportunities Note: UK-domiciled, full-time, undergraduate, first degree completers of the 2015 16 DLHE survey.

HOW DO UK STUDENTS USE THE ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME? 53.1% The percentage of students undertaking a period abroad through Erasmus+. Figure 16: Mobility by type (% of total), for the 2015 16 graduating cohort for a period abroad undertaken, 2014 15 36.0% Provider led 5.2% Sandwich placement 53.1% Erasmus+ 5.7% Other scheme Figure 17: The number of inbound and outbound students at UK universities undertaking mobility on the Erasmus+ programme, 2014 15 and 2015 16* 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 14,801 15,645 30,183 31,067 0 Outbound students Inbound students Figure 18: The UK s top sending and receiving countries for the Erasmus+ programme, 2015 16 Biggest senders to UK 1 France 7,697 2 Germany 5,145 3 Spain 4,794 4 Italy 3,114 5 Netherlands 2,154 Biggest receivers from UK 1 France 4,195 2 Spain 3,524 3 Germany 2,251 4 Italy 1,045 5 Netherlands 986 2014 15 2015 16 Source: UUKi (2018) Gone International: Expanding Opportunities; European Commission Erasmus+ Annual Report 2016, Statistical Annex http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus-plus/ sites/erasmusplus2/files/annual-report-2016-annex_en.pdf; National Agency for Erasmus+ in the UK www.erasmusplus.org.uk/statistics Notes: At time of printing The UK will be part of Erasmus+ until the programme ends in 2020. Students in the UK will be able to study/work/volunteer abroad through Erasmus+ until the end of the programme. UUK is asking for access to the Erasmus+ successor programme and further support from the UK government for global student mobility. *The two full academic years the Erasmus+ programme has been in operation. European students are more likely to come to the UK on shorter Erasmus placements while UK Erasmus students are more likely to stay for a year. Because of this there are much higher numbers of inbound students to the UK than outbound. However, if mobility periods rather than numbers of visits are compared, this imbalance is far smaller. 15

INTERNATIONAL STAFF The international make-up of our academic faculty is an integral part of the success of teaching and research in the UK. Staff from the EU make up over 15,000 of academic faculty on teaching and research contracts, with an additional 11,000 being from outside the EU. For research-only contracts, nearly half of all staff are from outside of the UK. The top three countries of nationality for academic, non-academic and total international staff in the UK are all EU countries. 16

WHAT DO INTERNATIONAL STAFF IN THE UK DO? 30% The percentage of international academic staff working in UK universities. Figure 19: Staff by nationality and employment function, 2011 12 and 2016 17 50,000 Figure 20: Academic staff by nationality and employment function, 2016 17 120,000 45,000 40,000 13,610 100,000 10,905 35,000 30,000 9,450 8,160 80,000 15,515 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 8,485 19,935 24,240 25,660 35,920 60,000 40,000 20,000 73,170 4,710 7,335 43,365 9,970 12,960 25,495 0 non-eu EU non-eu EU 2011 12 2016 17 0 Teaching and research Teaching only Research only Academic Non academic United Kingdom European Union Non-European Union Source: HESA Staff record [multiple years] Note: Neither teaching nor research contracts Non-EU 70, EU 110 and UK 1,305. 17

WHERE DO INTERNATIONAL STAFF IN THE UK COME FROM? 7 of the top ten staff nationalities are from the EU. Figure 21: Top 10 staff nationalities by employment function, 2016 17 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Italy Germany 5,940 5,730 1,045 1,270 Ireland 4,225 2,395 United States 4,075 1,160 China 4,010 610 Spain Greece 3,345 3,585 1,085 640 France 3,215 865 Poland 1,385 2,280 India 2,440 775 Academic Non academic 18 Source: HESA Staff record [2016 17]

WHERE DO INTERNATIONAL STAFF IN THE UK COME FROM? 2x The number of EU academics in the UK has more than doubled in the last decade. Figure 22: Nationalities of international staff in UK, 2016 17, top 20 12 Canada 1,950 Sweden 790 19 18 Russia 865 United States 5,240 Ireland 6,620 3 France 4,080 4 Netherlands Germany 2,095 6,775 11 2 8 9 Poland 3,665 16 Romania 1,060 15 Iran 975 Nigeria 1,065 17 India 10 3,215 Malaysia 790 20 5 China 4,620 13 Australia 1,915 Portugal 14 1,745 Spain 4,425 6 Italy 7,210 1 7 Greece 4,225 Source: HESA staff record [2016 17] 19

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH International collaboration in research is synonymous with excellence and impact. Worldclass research produced by UK universities benefits from global partnerships and collaboration. The ability of UK universities to attract world-leading researchers and investment from around the world makes a vital contribution to the excellence of our research base. Despite representing a small global share of research investment and only 4.1% of researchers, UK research accounted for 9.9% of global downloads, 10.7% of global citations and 15.2% of the world s most highly cited articles.* The UK is the third largest producer of internationally co-authored papers in the world, behind only the much larger USA and China, and almost 20% of our research funding comes from international and EU sources. Taken as a whole, EU member states are by far the largest source of academic collaboration for UK researchers. While the future of the UK s participation in the successor programme to Horizon 2020 remains uncertain, it is clear that our world-class research base has benefited greatly from and adds huge value to Horizon 2020. UUKi is committed to demonstrating the added value of remaining a key partner in the EU research programmes. 20 *Universities UK (2018) Higher Education Research in Facts and Figures

HOW DOES THE PUBLICATION RATE OF THE UK COMPARE INTERNATIONALLY? 54% The percentage of UK research publications with an international co-author. Figure 23: Top ten countries by number of research publications, broken down by international and domestic co-authorship, 2017 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 United States China United Kingdom Germany India Japan France Italy Canada Australia 227,086 420,653 119,726 403,789 107,165 92,969 86,046 87,351 25,734 124,536 35,834 90,429 65,141 53,944 52,778 61,147 54,028 50,598 52,981 45,701 Internationally co-authored publications Non-internationally co-authored publications Source: SciVal, accessed April 2018 21

WHICH COUNTRIES ARE THE UK S TOP COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS? 13 of the top twenty countries the UK collaborates with on co-authored publications are in Europe. Figure 24: Countries with highest numbers of co-authored publications with the UK between 2013 and 2017, top 20 9 Canada 35,356 Norway 13,586 17 11 Sweden 24,976 Ireland 13,983 16 France 51,821 Spain 40,213 8 United States 139,221 Netherlands 41,417 Denmark 14 Belgium 17,859 21,103 7 2 12 3 10 4 Italy 50,470 1 Germany 72,707 Austria 20 12,977 Switzerland 29,252 18 Greece 13,465 9 Brazil 14,420 19 India 13,002 5 China 48,327 13 Japan 18,626 6 Australia 47,304 22 Source: SciVal, accessed July 2018

HOW DOES THE UK COLLABORATE THROUGH EU PROGRAMMES? 2nd The UK has the second highest share of total funding and participations in Horizon 2020. Figure 25: The proportion of funding the UK receives from each pillar of Horizon 2020 programme Figure 26: UK s most frequent collaborative partners in Horizon 2020 projects since 2014 1% Euratom Success rate: 41.6% 48% Excellent Science Success rate: 14.5% 2% Cross-cutting Priorities Success rate: 9.5% 12,000 10,000 11,745 8,702 8,682 8,466 8,000 34% Societal Challenges Success rate: 13.0% 6,000 4,000 5,894 16% Industrial Leadership Success rate: 10.8% 2,000 0 Germany Spain Italy France Netherlands Source: % proportion UK receives Vinnova, accessed 15 May 2018. http://h2020viz.vinnova.se/#/country?countrynames=%5b%22united%20kingdom%22%5d. % success rate of eligible proposals European Commission Horizon 2020 proposal dashboard, accessed 18 June 2018. http://ec.europa.eu/research/index.cfm?pg=newsalert&year=2017&na=na-101117 European Commission, Horizon 2020 Country Profiles, updated 8 February 2018. http://ec.europa.eu/research/horizon2020/pdf/country-profiles/uk_country_profile_and_featured_projects. pdf#zoom=125&pagemode=none Note: At time of printing, researchers in the UK and across the EU should now be reassured of the UK s continued participation on Horizon 2020 until its end date. One caveat applies to the issues agreed to in the joint report, which is that nothing is agreed until everything is agreed, referring to the fact that the second phase of exit negotiations on the transition period and the future UK-EU relationship has the potential to influence the UK s withdrawal agreement. 23

HOW MUCH RESEARCH FUNDING COMES FROM OVERSEAS SOURCES? 17% The percentage of overall UK research funding that comes from international sources. Figure 27: Total research funding by source, 2016 17 Figure 28: International research funding by source (EU and non-eu), 2016 17 11% EU 877.2m 6% Non-EU 469.1m 14% Non-EU Industry 182.8m 11% Non-EU Other 154.5m 1% EU Charities 10.9m 83% UK 6.5bn 10% Non-EU Charities 131.9m 3% EU Other 34.7m 8% EU Industry 101.8m 54% EU Government 729.9m 24 Source: HESA Finance record [2016 17]

The work of UUKi spans the entire globe. The following section presents a regional breakdown that helps provide a snapshot of priorities and impact within each region. The breakdown includes the numbers of international students studying for full degrees in the UK by domicile; the numbers of international staff working in the UK by nationality; the number of UK publications with an international co-author from the region; outward student mobility; and TNE.* Whilst some regions of the world have more historic and established relationships with the UK, it is interesting to see some of the different partnerships with certain regions. For example, UK higher education TNE was delivered in 55 African countries and the number of internationally co-authored publications between the UK and Brazil has grown by over 68% since 2013. REGIONAL PROFILES *Together, students from Oxford Brookes University BSC in Applied Accounting, Open University and University of London International programmes make up more than half of all UK HE TNE students. Students from these universities have been excluded from the TNE data. Note: North America region includes Central America and the Caribbean. 25

AFRICA STUDENTS TOTAL AFRICAN DOMICILED STUDENTS IN THE UK IN 2016 17: 30,015 Figure 29: Top five African student domiciles in the UK, and overall rank, 2016 17 TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS ON UK HE TNE IN AFRICA: 45,880 Figure 31: Top five countries hosting the most UK HE TNE students in Africa, 2016 17 9 42 43 53 57 STAFF TOTAL AFRICAN STAFF IN UK 2016 17: 3,795 Figure 30: Top five African staff nationalities in the UK, 2016 17 Nigeria Nigeria 12,665 Egypt 2,310 Kenya 2,160 Ghana 1,530 1,065 South Africa 1,405 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 19,615 5,725 Egypt Nigeria South Africa 3,405 3,250 2,305 Ghana Mauritus South Africa 460 Ghana Egypt Zimbabwe 355 315 270 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 Africa hosted 14% of UK HE TNE students in 2016 17.* 26 Sources: HESA Student record [2016 17]; HESA Staff record [2016 17]; HESA Aggregate Offshore Record [multiple years]; HESA Student Outward Mobility record [2016 17]; SciVal Internationally co-authored papers with UK (2013 2017), accessed June 2018. *Excluding the three main programme providers of distance, flexible and blended TNE.

OUTWARD MOBILITY TOTAL INSTANCES OF MOBILITY TO AFRICA, 2016 17: 2,070 Figure 32: Top five African destinations for mobile UK students, by mobility instances, 2016 17 2 Morocco 235 55 The number of African countries, territories and administrations in which UK HE TNE was delivered in 2016 17.* CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS TOTAL UK PUBLICATIONS WITH AN AFRICAN CO-AUTHOR, BETWEEN 2013 17: 27,505 Figure 33: Total UK publications with an African co-author by country, between 2013 2017, top 5 Global rank Total co-authored publications (2013 17) Growth since 2013 Uganda 190 4 5 Kenya 145 3 Tanzania 210 25 43 49 South Africa 10,805 Egypt 3,689 Kenya 2,534 40.7% 51.7% 53.4% 1 South Africa 540 53 59 Nigeria 2,129 Uganda 1,563 135.3% 68.3% Note: Mobility measured in instances rather than student numbers as some students have more than one mobility period. 27

ASIA STUDENTS TOTAL ASIAN DOMICILED STUDENTS IN THE UK IN 2016 17: 192,520 Figure 34: Top five Asian student domiciles in the UK, and overall rank, 2016 17 TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS ON UK HE TNE IN ASIA: 168,895 Figure 36: Top five countries hosting the most UK HE TNE students in Asia, 2016 17 50,000 47,380 1 3 4 5 16 STAFF TOTAL ASIAN STAFF IN UK 2016 17: 12,915 Figure 35: Top five Asian staff nationalities in the UK, 2016 17 China China 95,090 Hong Kong** 16,680 India 16,550 Malaysia 16,370 4,620 Singapore 7,300 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 31,900 21,590 19,850 19,295 Malaysia China Singapore Hong Kong Sri Lanka India Malaysia Japan 790 780 3,215 Asia hosted 52% of UK HE TNE students in 2016 17.* Pakistan 680 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 28 Sources: HESA Student record [2016 17]; HESA Staff record [2016 17]; HESA Aggregate Offshore Record [multiple years]; HESA Student Outward Mobility record [2016 17]; SciVal Internationally co-authored papers with UK (2013 2017), accessed June 2018. *Excluding the three main programme providers of distance, flexible and blended TNE. **Special Administrative Region of China.

OUTWARD MOBILITY TOTAL INSTANCES OF MOBILITY TO ASIA, 2016 17: 6,990 Figure 37: Top five Asian destinations for mobile UK students, by mobility instances, 2016 17 3 Japan 730 32 The number of Asian countries, territories and administrations in which UK HE TNE was delivered in 2016 17.* CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS TOTAL UK PUBLICATIONS WITH AN ASIAN CO-AUTHOR, BETWEEN 2013 17: 130,079 Figure 38: Co-authored publications between Asia and the UK, 2013 and 2017 Global rank Total co-authored publications (2013 17) Growth since 2013 1 China 1,705 5 China 48,327 79.7% 5 India 675 Malaysia 730 2 4 Hong Kong 715 13 19 27 Japan 18,626 India 13,002 South Korea 8,017 24.6% 42.6% 37.4% 29 Singapore 7,533 61.9% Note: Mobility measured in instances rather than student numbers as some students have more than one mobility period. 29

AUSTRALASIA STUDENTS TOTAL AUSTRALASIAN DOMICILED STUDENTS IN THE UK IN 2016 17: 2,755 Figure 39: Top three Australasian student domiciles in the UK, and overall rank, 2016 17 TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS ON UK HE TNE IN AUSTRALASIA: 2,025 Figure 41: Top three countries hosting the most UK HE TNE students in Australasia, 2016 17 44 85 172 Australia 2,130 New Zealand 530 Fiji 25 STAFF TOTAL AUSTRALASIAN STAFF IN UK 2016 17: 2,635 Figure 40: Top two Australasian staff nationalities in the UK, 2016 17 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1,575 360 30 Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea Australia New Zealand 710 1,915 Australasia hosted 1% of UK HE TNE students in 2016 17.* 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 30 Sources: HESA Student record [2016 17]; HESA Staff record [2016 17]; HESA Aggregate Offshore Record [multiple years]; HESA Student Outward Mobility record [2016 17]; SciVal Internationally co-authored papers with UK (2013 2017), accessed June 2018. *Excluding the three main programme providers of distance, flexible and blended TNE.

OUTWARD MOBILITY TOTAL INSTANCES OF MOBILITY TO AUSTRALASIA, 2016 17: 2,740 Figure 42: Top five Australasian destinations for mobile UK students, by mobility instances, 2016 17 18 The number of Australasian countries, territories and administrations in which UK HE TNE was delivered in 2016 17.* CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS TOTAL UK PUBLICATIONS WITH AN AUSTRALASIAN CO-AUTHOR, BETWEEN 2013 17: 57,030 Figure 43: Co-authored publications between Australasia and the UK, 2017 Vanuatu 35 5 Fiji 3 160 Tonga 4 45 Global rank 6 Total co-authored publications (2013 17) Australia 47,304 Growth since 2013 35.7% 1 Australia 2,040 26 New Zealand 9,109 20.7% New Zealand 410 2 Note: Mobility measured in instances rather than student numbers as some students have more than one mobility period. 31

EUROPE STUDENTS TOTAL EUROPEAN (EU AND NON-EU) DOMICILED STUDENTS IN THE UK IN 2016 17: 157,605 Figure 44:Top five European student domiciles in the UK, and overall rank, 2016 17 TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS ON UK HE TNE IN EUROPE: 52,590 Figure 46: Top five countries hosting the most UK HE TNE students in Europe, 2016 17 6 7 8 10 11 STAFF TOTAL EUROPEAN (EU AND NON-EU) STAFF IN UK 2016 17: 52,525 Figure 45: Top five European staff nationalities in the UK, 2016 17 Italy Germany 13,735 France 13,560 Italy 13,455 Ireland 10,070 7,210 Greece 10,045 15,000 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 0 12,200 Greece Switzerland 4,840 4,605 4,475 3,915 Cyprus (EU) Germany Ireland Germany 6,775 Ireland Spain Greece 4,425 4,225 6,620 The EU hosted 14% of UK HE TNE students in 2016 17.* 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 32 Sources: HESA Student record [2016 17]; HESA Staff record [2016 17]; HESA Aggregate Offshore Record [multiple years]; HESA Student Outward Mobility record [2016 17]; SciVal Internationally co-authored papers with UK (2013 2017), accessed June 2018. *Excluding the three main programme providers of distance, flexible and blended TNE.

OUTWARD MOBILITY TOTAL INSTANCES OF MOBILITY TO EUROPE, 2016 17: 25,475 Figure 47: Top five European destinations for mobile UK students, by mobility instances, 2016 17 Netherlands 2,220 4 3 Germany 3,625 CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS TOTAL UK PUBLICATIONS WITH A EUROPEAN (NON-EU AND EU) CO-AUTHOR, BETWEEN 2013 17: 269,963 Figure 48: Co-authored publications between Europe and the UK, 2013 and 2017 Global rank 52 The number of European countries, territories and regions in which UK HE TNE was delivered in 2016 17.* Total co-authored publications (2013 17) Growth since 2013 France 4,795 2 5 Italy 1,850 2 3 4 Germany 72,707 France 51,821 Italy 50,470 27.2% 24.7% 39.2% 1 Spain 5,385 7 Netherlands 41,417 26.7% 8 Spain 40,213 29.5% Note: Mobility measured in instances rather than student numbers as some students have more than one mobility period. 33

MIDDLE EAST STUDENTS TOTAL MIDDLE EASTERN DOMICILED STUDENTS IN THE UK IN 2016 17: 29,120 Figure 49: Top five Middle Eastern student domiciles in the UK, and overall rank, 2016 17 TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS ON UK HE TNE IN THE MIDDLE EAST: 37,955 Figure 51: Top five countries hosting the most UK HE TNE students in the Middle East, 2016 17 20,000 18,525 15 24 33 38 39 Saudi Arabia 8,065 United Arab Emirates 4,080 Kuwait 3,450 Qatar 2,890 Oman 2,565 15,000 10,000 12,405 STAFF TOTAL MIDDLE EASTERN STAFF IN UK 2016 17: 2,015 Figure 50: Top five Middle Eastern staff nationalities in the UK, 2016 17 Iran 975 5,000 0 Oman UAE Saudi Arabia 2,555 1,845 700 Qatar Bahrain Israel Syria Iraq Lebanon 120 165 215 300 The Middle East hosted 12% of UK HE TNE students in 2016 17.* 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 34 Sources: HESA Student record [2016 17]; HESA Staff record [2016 17]; HESA Aggregate Offshore Record [multiple years]; HESA Student Outward Mobility record [2016 17]; SciVal Internationally co-authored papers with UK (2013 2017), accessed June 2018. *Excluding the three main programme providers of distance, flexible and blended TNE.

OUTWARD MOBILITY TOTAL INSTANCES OF MOBILITY TO THE MIDDLE EAST, 2016 17: 715 Figure 52: Top five Middle Eastern destinations for mobile UK students, by mobility instances, 2016 17 Occupied Palestinian Territories 45 Israel 75 5 3 2 Jordan 155 1 United Arab Emirates 240 CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS TOTAL UK PUBLICATIONS WITH A MIDDLE EASTERN CO-AUTHOR, BETWEEN 2013 17: 29,647 Figure 53: Co-authored publications between the Middle East and the UK, 2013 and 2017 Global rank 31 33 Total co-authored publications (2013 17) Israel 6,927 14 The number of Middle Eastern countries, territories and administrations in which UK HE TNE was delivered in 2016 17.* Saudi Arabia 5,925 Growth since 2013 36.2% 68.0% 4 Saudi Arabia 50 39 52 Iran 4,559 Qatar 2,181 34.2% 179% 57 United Arab Emirates 2,000 83.3% Note: Top five Middle Eastern destinations for mobile UK students, by mobility instances, 2016 17. 35

NORTH AMERICA STUDENTS TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN DOMICILED STUDENTS IN THE UK IN 2016 17: 28,745 Figure 54: Top five North American student domiciles in the UK, and overall rank, 2016 17 2 20 45 81 91 United States 17,580 STAFF TOTAL NORTH AMERICAN STAFF IN UK 2016 17: 8,120 Figure 55: Top five North American staff nationalities in the UK, 2016 17 United States Canada Mexico Jamaica Trinidad and Tobago 465 80 180 Canada 5,915 1,950 Mexico 2,120 Trinidad and Tobago 625 5,240 Bermuda 425 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS ON UK HE TNE IN NORTH AMERICA: 16,220 Figure 56: Top five countries hosting the most UK HE TNE students in North America, 2016 17 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 5,255 4,015 Trinidad & Tobago United States 3,350 800 695 Canada Jamaica Mexico North America hosted 5% of UK HE TNE students in 2016 17.* 36 Sources: HESA Student record [2016 17]; HESA Staff record [2016 17]; HESA Aggregate Offshore Record [multiple years]; HESA Student Outward Mobility record [2016 17]; SciVal Internationally co-authored papers with UK (2013 2017), accessed June 2018. *Excluding the three main programme providers of distance, flexible and blended TNE.

OUTWARD MOBILITY TOTAL INSTANCES OF MOBILITY TO NORTH AMERICA, 2016 17: 7,445 Figure 57: Top five North American destinations for mobile UK students, by mobility instances, 2016 17 36 The number of North American countries, territories and administrations in which UK HE TNE was delivered in 2016 17.* CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS TOTAL UK PUBLICATIONS WITH A NORTH AMERICAN CO-AUTHOR, BETWEEN 2013 17: 161,571 Figure 58: Co-authored publications between North America and the UK, 2013 and 2017 Global rank Total co-authored publications (2013 17) Growth since 2013 Canada 1,585 2 1 9 United States 139,221 Canada 35,356 23.7% 28.2% United States 4,910 1 38 Mexico 4,742 37.9% Mexico 190 3 4 Belize 190 5 St Lucia 75 94 96 Cuba 439 Costa Rica 353 15.6% 88.7% Note: Mobility measured in instances rather than student numbers as some students have more than one mobility period. 37

SOUTH AMERICA STUDENTS TOTAL SOUTH AMERICAN DOMICILED STUDENTS IN THE UK IN 2016 17: 5,345 Figure 59: Top five South American student domiciles in the UK, and overall rank, 2016 17 51 69 73 86 92 STAFF TOTAL SOUTH AMERICAN STAFF IN UK 2016 17: 1,310 Figure 60: Top five South American staff nationalities in the UK, 2016 17 Brazil Brazil 1,745 Colombia 1,005 Chile 865 Ecuador 515 530 Peru 405 TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS ON UK HE TNE IN SOUTH AMERICA: 1,105 Figure 61: Top five countries hosting the most UK HE TNE students in South America, 2016 17 400 375 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 180 165 90 70 Brazil Guyana Colombia Peru Argentina Colombia Chile Argentina Venezuela 80 165 160 235 South America hosted <1% of UK HE TNE students in 2016 17.* 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 38 Sources: HESA Student record [2016 17]; HESA Staff record [2016 17]; HESA Aggregate Offshore Record [multiple years]; HESA Student Outward Mobility record [2016 17]; SciVal Internationally co-authored papers with UK (2013 2017), accessed June 2018. *Excluding the three main programme providers of distance, flexible and blended TNE.

OUTWARD MOBILITY TOTAL INSTANCES OF MOBILITY TO SOUTH AMERICA, 2016 17: 1,255 Figure 62: Top five South American destinations for mobile UK students, by mobility instances, 2016 17 Colombia 110 5 13 The number of South American countries, territories and administrations in which UK HE TNE was delivered in 2016 17* CO-AUTHORED PUBLICATIONS TOTAL UK PUBLICATIONS WITH A SOUTH AMERICAN CO-AUTHOR, BETWEEN 2013 17: 23,691 Figure 63: Co-authored publications between South America and the UK, 2013 and 2017 Peru 245 2 1 Brazil 305 Global rank 15 Total co-authored publications (2013 17) Brazil 14,420 Growth since 2013 68.8% Chile 240 3 4 Argentina 205 35 44 Chile 5,544 Argentina 3,303 62.7% 33.1% 45 Colombia 3,098 74.7% 70 Peru 1,058 83.3% Note: Mobility measured in instances rather than student numbers as some students have more than one mobility period. 39

Universities UK International (UUKi) is the international arm of Universities UK, representing UK universities and acting in their collective interests globally. It actively promotes universities abroad, provides trusted information for and about them, and creates new opportunities for the sector. Universities UK International Woburn House 20 Tavistock Square London WC1H 9HQ +44 (0)20 7419 4111 info@international.ac.uk www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/international @UUKIntl ISBN: 978-1-84036-377-7