Federal Initiatives on Active Shooter and Large-scale Incidents - Can we help? - Are you prepared? Deputy Director s Office of Partner Engagement, Active Shooter Initiative Section Chief Katherine Schweit; katherine.schweit@ic.fbi.gov 9/28/2016 1
WH Initiatives 9/28/2016 2
WH Initiatives Focal Point of ReadyHouston Effort Run Hide Fight Released July 2012 available on YouTube, permissions granted Identified by the WH committee in January 2013; best practice Languages: English, Spanish, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese More than 5M hits on main sight and downloadable 9/28/2016 3
FBI Initiatives The Coming Storm A 40-minute feature film Law enforcement executives Shares critical after action details best practices in unified command Unexpected result Value to others 9/28/2016 4
FBI Initiatives We Regret to Inform You The FBI s Office of Victim Assistance and The Pennsylvania State University have developed a no-cost, online training program that can be found at www.deathnotification.psu.edu. The way a death notification is made significantly impacts a family s grieving process, and can have a ripple effect on potential prosecutions and recovery. The most valuable death notifications are delivered by trained professionals who utilize best practices, including pre-planning, compassionate notification, and coordinated follow up. 9/28/2016 5
Allow S/L to carry with them useful tools to FBI Initiatives understand LEO exceptions to HIPPA and FRPA HIPPA and FERPA, two information privacy statutes, continue to vex citizens and law enforcement alike. FBI drafted these cards with the Law Enforcement exceptions articulated Health and Human Services and Dept. of Education jointly released Police are better informed 9/28/2016 6
FBI Tools 9/28/2016 App for State and Local Law Enforcement on the FBI s Incident Command Commander Pocket Guide 7
Allow S/L to carry with them useful tools to understand LEO exceptions to HIPPA and FRPA FBI Initiatives Purpose: Baseline Quantify problem 160 incidents United States only 14 years; 2000 to 2013 In-home domestic, drug and gang violence excluded Number injured or killed not decisive factor in inclusion Not a study of mass killings 9/28/2016 8
Blair, J. Pete, and Schweit, Katherine W. (2014). A Study of Active Shooter Incidents, 2000-2013. Texas State University and Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C. 2014. 9/28/2016 9
9/28/2016 10
An average of 11.4 incidents occurred annually An average of 6.4 incidents occurred in the first 7 years studied and an average of 16.4 occurred in the last 7 years Shootings occurred in 40 of 50 states, anddistrict of Columbia In 63 incidents where the duration could easily be ascertained, 69% ended in 5 minutes or less; 23 in 2 minutes or less. 70% of the incidents occurred in either a commerce/business or educational environment 9/28/2016 11
Casualties: killed and wounded. 1,043; shooters are not included in this total 486 individuals were killed; 557 wounded In at least 15 (9.4%) incidents, family members were targeted resulting in 20 killed and 1 wounded. In 16 (10%) incidents, current, former, or estranged wives as well as current or former girlfriends were targeted resulting in 12 killed, 3 wounded and 1 unharmed. In addition, 42 others at the scene were killed and 28 wounded Mean number of casualties did not change 2 killed, 2 wounded, per incident. 9/28/2016 12
Resolutions A majority of incidents ended before police arrived In 45 incidents (28.1%) law enforcement had to engage the shooter to end the threat In 21 of those 45 incidents (46.7%) the LEOs suffered casualties; 9 killed, 28 wounded Off-duty law enforcement also were involved in 4 incidents resulting in the death of 1 shooter, 1 shooter killed in collaboration with uniformed officers and 2 shooters apprehended. In 21 incident the shooting ended when unarmed citizens were successfully able to restrain shooter; 11 involved school administrators, faculty, staff and students 9/28/2016 13
9/28/2016 14
Commerce, 73 (46%) Businesses Open to Pedestrian Traffic, 44 (27.5%) Businesses Closed to Pedestrian Traffic, 23 (14.3%) Malls, 6 (3.8%) Education, 39 (24%) Schools (Pre-K to 12), 27 (16.9%) Institutions of Higher Education (IHE), 12 (7.5%) Government, 16 (10%) Other Government Properties, 11 (6.9%) Military, 5 (3.1%) Open Spaces, 15 (9.4%); Residences: 7 (4.4%) Houses of Worship, 6 (3.8%) Health Care Facilities, 4 (2.5%) 9/28/2016 15
73 incidents in commercial facilities, malls and businesses open and closed to pedestrian traffic 6 in malls; 17 killed 18 wounded; Resolutions: 3 suicides, 2 apprehended, 1 killed 44 in businesses open to pedestrian traffic; 124 killed, 181 wounded 11 current or former employees Resolutions: 19 suicides, 17 apprehended, 6 killed, 2 fled 23 in businesses closed to pedestrian traffic, 69 killed 73 wounded 10 supervisors/managers/company owners killed; 5 wounded Resolution (only 4 before police arrived) 16 suicide; 3 killed by police; 4 apprehended Shooters Ages 21 to 68; Two females 22 of 23 current or former employees (3 former, 4 fired that day, 1 suspended) One had a relationship with a current employee 9/28/2016 16
Prepared by the Federal Bureau of Investigation s Active Shooter Unit Deputy Director Office of Partner Engagement 9/28/2016 17
Prevention Pre-Attack Indicators Many offenders who engage in targeted violence may display certain behaviors during pre-attack planning. These predatory behaviors may be observable to persons familiar with the offender. Behaviors may include: Development of a personal grievance. Contextually inappropriate and recent acquisition of multiple weapons. Contextually inappropriate and recent escalation in target practice and weapons training. 9/28/2016 18
Prevention Many of the shooters were described as social isolates, harbored feelings of hate or anger, and/or had some reported contact with mental health professionals. Few had previous arrests for violent crimes. In many of these events at least one person knew that the attacker was thinking about planning the attack. Contextually inappropriate and recent interest in explosives and Improvised Explosive Devices. Contextually inappropriate and intense interest or fascination with previous active shootings or mass attacks. Significant real or perceived personal loss in the weeks or months leading up to the attack, such as a death, breakup, divorce, or loss of a job. 9/28/2016 19
Prevention Peers and family members are the most likely to hear things or see behaviors that indicate a person is on a trajectory towards violence. Don t dismiss your hunches and concerns Don t say he didn t mean it or it can t happen here. Trust that law enforcement professionals will investigate and not just arrest people Be confident that a timely call to the FBI tip line or local law enforcement about even a small piece of information might help save lives. 9/28/2016 20
Next Pre-Attack Indicators 9/28/2016 21
First Responder Problems = Your Problems Overwhelmed dispatch: pre-build way to communicate with employees AND their family and friends. Physical space concerns: pre-identify potential locations first responder can use for family, interviews, medical, media. Time consuming interviews and evidence collection: Police don t have time to get missing medicine or phones Prepare to assist employee on these matters Continuity of operations begins with you. Be engaged with unified command; indicate your needs Prepare for alternate work sites for various job functions Have a Go Bag for first responders You need a media person AT the scene, or you have no say Coordinated messaging must include unified command 9/28/2016 22
Organizational Planning Have a plan Make plan specific to your location/structures Plan should be flexible Train to the plan First Responder Problems = Your Problems Plan must not depend on hierarchal structure There won t be enough emergency personnel to care for all of the wounded. Train people in tourniquet use, have them onsite 9/28/2016 23
Next Pre-Attack Indicators 9/28/2016 24
You said you are looking for Pre-Attack Indicators Are these the right focus areas? 9/28/2016 25
2017 Initiatives Follow on documentary Navy Yard (federal buildings); Aurora, Colorado (theater); LAX (airport) shooting at Los Angeles Internationally Coordination EU, Canada, Brussels, NATO, England, Australia LEO Tactical Training: $28M, 45,000 trained in 3 years Best Practices and better intelligence sharing WH Committee coordination for trends, best practices 9/28/2016 26
Ongoing Concerns Fort Hood Shooter time; 4:16 to 6:03 p.m. six locations Navy Yard Shooter randomness; no specific target time: 8:16 to 9:25 a.m. 9/28/2016 27
Ongoing Concerns Boston Marathon Bombing San Bernardino IEDs Multiple actors Multiple targets Public venues Warm Zone Clearing Prevention Efforts 9/28/2016 28
Resources Active Shooter Online Training This one-hour online course (IS-907 Active Shooter: What You Can Do) provides an introductory lesson on the actions that may be taken when confronted by an active shooter, as well as indicators of workplace violence and how to manage the consequences of an incident. To access this course, please visit the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Emergency Management Institute online training website at http://www.training.fema.gov/is/crslist.aspx and type Active Shooter in the search bar. Active Shooter Preparedness Workshop Series These scenario-based workshops feature facilitated discussions to inform participants on the best practices associated with preparing for and responding to an active shooter incident. Through a dynamic exchange of information, these workshops provide participants an understanding of how to plan and aid in the development of an initial draft of an emergency action plan for their organizations. For more information on these workshops, please contact the Active Shooter Preparedness Program at ASworkshop@hq.dhs.gov. Active Shooter Online Resources There are additional resources available online to inform individuals on how to prepare for active shooter incidents. These resources range from booklets and pocket guides, to a 90-minute webinar that explains the importance of developing an emergency action plan and the need to train employees on how to respond to an incident. To access these resources, please visit http://www.dhs.gov/activeshooter. Contact Information For general information regarding the Active Shooter Preparedness Program, please email ASworkshop@hq.dhs.gov. FBI Link: https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/office-of-partner-engagement/active-shooter-incidents 9/28/2016 29