Precursor Chemicals Control in China Paris Pact Expert Working Group on Precursor Chemicals November 8, 2010, Paris France
Outline Situation Legislation & Competent Authority Efforts & Achievements
Situation
Geography
Golden Triangle 1. Golden Triangle remains the drug source posing most serious harms to China. Since 2005, the opium cultivation in Golden Triangle decreased dramatically,but fluctuated in recent years. In China, the seizure of heroin from Golden Triangle decreased obviously, while that of methamphetamine increased sharply.
Golden Triangle 1,200 1087 2000-2009 Opium Yield in Myanmar(Ton) 1097 1,000 800 838 Opium Popper 810 Cultivation in Myanmar 600 400 370 312 330 460 410 300 200 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Golden Cresent 2. The threats and harms of heroin from the Golden Crescent are increasing. Opium Yield in Afghanistan from 2000 to 2009 9000 8000 8200 7700 7000 6900 6000 6100 5000 4000 3000 3276 3400 3600 4300 4100 2000 1000 0 185 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Golden Cresent 400 300 200 100 2005-2009 Cases uncovered involving drugs from Golden Crescent in China 0 2005 12 2006 97 2007 187 234 2008 2009 331
Golden Cresent 2005-2009 Seizured Heroin from Golden Cresent(KG) 2000 1500 1552 1000 500 25.1 125.9 356.5 392.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Diversified sources 3. The sources of drugs in China became more diversified Ketamine from South Asian countries MDMA from European countries Cocaine from South American countries
Legislation & Competent Authorities
Framework The Drug Control Framework of China Office of NNCC State Council NNCC China Drug Control Foundation China National (NNCC) was established in Dec, 1990 and has 32 members at present. Supreme Procuratorate Publicity Ministry Ministry of Public Security General Customs Administration Ministry of Public Health State Administration of Work Safety Supreme Court Ministry of Culture All-China Federation of Trade Union National Development & Reform All-China Women s Federation People s Bank of China Ministry of Justice Ministry of Civil Affairs Ministry of Communications Ministry of Commerce Central Committee of the Youth League Ministry of Railway State Food & Drug Administration Ministry of Finance Ministry of Foreign Affairs State Administration for Industry & Commerce Ministry of Agriculture State Post Bureau Ministry of Education General Admin. of Broadcasting, Film & TV General Staff P.L.A. Ministry of National Security State Forestry Administration State General Civil Aviation Administration State Council Office of Legislative Affairs Information Office Of the State Council
Competent authorities NNCC Coordinator Supervision of shipments License for Export and Import Purchase and Transportation Manufacture and Distribution of Non-pharmaceuticals Manufacture, Distribution and Purchase of Pharmaceuticals Customs Public Security Commerce Work Safety Supervision Food and Drug Administration
Criminal Law Current legislations Law Legislation Regulations on Administration of Precursor Chemicals Measures for the Administration of the Purchase and Transportation of Precursors Chemicals Measures for the Administration of the Manufacture and Distribution of Non-pharmaceutical Precursor Chemicals Provisions Concerning the Administration of the Import and Export of Precursor Chemicals
Criminal Law Article 350 Crimes of smuggling precursor chemicals Crimes of illegally distributing or purchasing precuror chemicals Maximum punishment is no more than 10-year imprisonment.
Regulations Regulations on Administration of Precursor Chemicals The first national regulation Promulgated by the State Council of P.R.C. Effective as of November 1, 2005
Provisions Measures for the Administration of the Purchase and Transportation of Precursors Chemicals Measures for the Administration of the Manufacture and Distribution of Non-pharmaceutical Precursor Chemicals Provisions Concerning the Administration of the Import and Export of Precursor Chemicals Measures for the Administration of Pharmaceutical Precursor Chemicals Regulation on export of precursor to specific countries (Afghanistan Myanmar Lao PDR)
Listed precursors 1. BMK 8. Anthranilic acid 2. PMK 9. Lysergic acid Category Ⅰ 3. Piperonal 10. Ergometrine 4. Safrol 11. Ergotamine 5. Sassafras oil 12. (Pseudo) ephedrine and their products 6. Isosafrol 13. Hydroxylimine(2008) 7. N-acetylanthranilic acid Category Ⅱ 1. Phenylacetic acid* 2. Acetic anhydride * 3. Chloroform 4. Ethyl ether 5. Piperidine Category Ⅲ 1. Toluene 2. Acetone 3. MEK 4. PP 5. H2SO4 6. HCl
Administrative Measures Classified administration Licensing system Administrated jointly by several agencies Administrated by different levels of agencies Manufacture Distribution Purchase Transport Imp.& Exp. CategoryⅠ (Pharmaceuticals) Category Ⅰ(Nonpharmaceuticals) Ministerial 省级 Provincial Provincial City Ministerial Category Ⅱ City County Category Ⅲ City County County
Efforts & Achievements
CHINA Supervision Administration Strengthen supervision and administration Enterprises are encouraged to report suspicious order
Introduction of mechanism Software developed Associations established Credit system introduced
Special Operation In 2009, Special Operation of Regulation on Promotion of Precursor Chemicals was organized by National. 5,300,000,000 promotional materials distributed 40,000 promotional events presented 8800 discussion with industry organized 2660 training courses held 66,000 enterprises and 21,000 workers trained
Special Operation 2010,Proclamation on Enhancing Administration of Distribution of Precursor Chemicals on Internet released by Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, State General Administration of Industry and Commerce, State General Administration of Work Safety, State Food and Drug Administration. Special Operation on Regulation of iilicit Information of Narcotics and Precursor Chemicals on Internet was organized, in order to clean the illicit information up and purify the internet, so as to cut off the internet trafficking channel of narcotics and precursor chemicals.
Crackdown Seizures of precursor chemicals (tonnes), 2005-2009 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1460 1113 592 649 157.8 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
International check 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 3250 Shipments suspended (tons) 2005-2009 1000 500 0 920 570 326.9 422 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Further International Cooperation Actively joining the projects & operations launched by UN eg Project Cohesion, Project Prism, Operation DICE, Operation PILA Tarcet Ⅱ Expert Working Group on Precursor Chemicals under Shanghai Cooperation Organization First meeting was held in September,2010
CHINA China-Netherland MOU (2004) China-EU Agreement (2009) Further International Cooperation
Thank you! Wu Tingfang, Precursor Control Division, ONNCC, China