CAUSES OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS WORKING IN PUBLIC & PRIVATE MEDICAL COLLEGES OF UDAIPUR Geetanjali Sharma Research Scholar, Faculty of Management Studies, PAHER University, Udaipur Dr. Rimjhim Gupta Professor, Pacific Institute of Business Studies, Pacific University, Udaipur ABSTRACT Stress leads to the dissatisfaction and dissatisfaction leads to the higher employee turnover ratio. The present research paper aims to identify causes of occupational stress among medical To serve the objective descriptive research design is used and primary data is collected from 400 respondents with the help of questionnaire. Data is analyzed with the help of arithmetic mean and z-test and it has been concluded that major causes of occupational stress among medical practitioners of public & private colleges are Administration and Management, Work Overload, Interruptions and Job Itself Keywords: Occupational Stress, Medical Practitioners 64
INTRODUCTION Health sector is one of the most vital segments of any nation and is additionally exposed to substantial occupational stress and has little approach to stress management services. Healthcare sector is a stressful occupation and it takes toll on mental, physical and emotional levels. To efficiently care for other individuals you should take great consideration of yourself. Healthcare workers includes dealing with other individuals lives and oversight and mistakes could be expensive and then irreversible. It is consequently expected that medical staff themselves ought to be in an impeccable perspectives without grim, stresses and nerves. This is however not more often than not the case in light of the fact that doctors separated from being influenced by the same variables that inflicts stress on the overall public, is likewise inclined to stress on account of the eccentricity of his work circumstances and desire of society on the loose. In this regard present research paper aims to identify the causes of occupational stress so that the same can be eliminated by hospital authorities. LITERATURE REVIEW John John et al (2015) in their study investigated work related stress among healthcare workers. Results indicated that 180 healthcare workers were stressed due to following factors: work overload, emergencies, adhoc duties, and lack of equipment, poor work environment, poor managerial support, poor staff attitude to work and fellow staff. Singh et al (2015) conducted a research on a Sample size consisted of 71 residents from anesthesiology and obstetrics and genecology. Results found high stress level among residents mainly because of poor hostel and food facility and inadequate sleep (resulting from heavy workload and mainly occupied in emergency work). It was recommended that adequate food and hostel facilities should be made available to the residents to increase their efficiency and in a more favourable working environment 65
Alosaimi et al. (2015) conducted on a sample size of 4000 residents was taken out of which 1035 replied and 1000 were incorporated. Results demonstrated relationship of stress with higher work load, sleep deprivation, dissatisfaction with colleagues and the program, harmful ideations and frequent thought of quitting medical profession. Sahasrabuddhe, Suryawanshi and Bhandari (2015) in their study investigated stress among doctors in residency. As per the results the stress was essentially related with heavy workload, long duty hours, low stipend, poor accommodation and lack of social and family life. It was noted that clinical branches showed high stress level than pre and para clinical branches. Topalhan et al (2015) in their study analyzed workload perception among emergency department healthcare workers. A sample size of 148 participants was taken. Results demonstrated that workload perception for nurses and medical technicians was found normal and heavy for physicians. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research paper is to identify causes of occupational stress among medical HYPOTHESIS H 01 : There is no significant difference between causes of occupational stress among medical H 11 : There is a significant difference between causes of occupational stress among medical RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (a) Research Design: - To have a better understanding about the issue descriptive research design was used. To get the primary data close ended questionnaire was administrated. 66
(b) Sample Design: - 400 medical practitioners were selected through stratified and purposive sampling. (c) Analysis: - The data collected was analyzed with the help of Arithmetic mean, z-test ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATIONS 1. Causes of Occupational Stress From literature review 9 major factors responsible for occupational stress were identified, then respondents were asked to disclose that whether these factors cause stress or not on five point scale from 1 to 5, where 5 is for strongly agree & 1 is for strongly disagree. The table 1 shows that according to public hospital medical practitioners, the Administration and Management was the major factor responsible for occupational stress with a mean score of 4.40 followed by Work Overload (Mean score = 4.21). Interruptions ranked 3 rd with a Mean score of 4.11, followed by Job Itself that ranked 4 th with a mean score of 4.04. Job Demands was the fifth factor responsible for occupational stress with mean score of 4 tailed by Rigorous Training at 6 th rank with a mean score of 3.44. Work Life Conflicts graded at 7 th place with a mean score of 3.05, trailed by Career Development at 8 th rank with a mean score of 2.96. Interpersonal Relations ranked as 9 th factor which is not much responsible for occupational stress with a mean score of 2.63. In the case of private hospital medical practitioners, Job Itself was the major factor responsible for occupational stress with a mean score of 4.03 followed by Work Overload (Mean score = 3.76). Administration and Management ranked 3 rd with a Mean score of 3.52, followed by Job Demands that ranked 4 th with a mean score of 3.49. Rigorous Training was the fifth factor responsible for occupational stress with mean score of 3.41 tailed by Interruptions at 6 th rank with a mean score of 3.27. Career Development graded at 7 th place with a mean score of 2.88, trailed by Work Life Conflicts at 8 th rank with a mean score of 2.84. Interpersonal Relations ranked as 9 th factor which is not much responsible for occupational stress with a mean score of 2.40. As a summary it can be concluded that major causes of occupational stress among medical practitioners of public & private colleges are Administration and Management, Work 67
Overload, Interruptions and Job Itself. Interpersonal Relations, Career Development and Work Life Conflicts are not so much causing occupational stress among medical practitioners. Table 1: Summary of Sources of Occupational Stress S. No. Sources of Occupational Stress Public Hospitals Private Hospitals Mean Rank Mean Rank 1 Job Itself 4.06 4 4.03 1 2 Job Demands 4.0 5 3.49 4 3 Work Overload 4.21 2 3.76 2 4 Interruptions 4.11 3 3.32 6 5 Administration and Management 4.40 1 3.52 3 6 Rigorous Training 3.44 6 3.41 5 7 Interpersonal Relations 2.63 9 2.40 9 8 Career Development 2.96 8 2.88 7 9 Work Life Conflicts 3.05 7 2.84 8 2. Hypothesis Testing To measure significant difference between causes of occupational stress among medical practitioners in public and private medical colleges, z-test has been applied and results are presented in table 2 Table 2: t-test results to measure significant difference between causes of occupational stress among medical practitioners in public and private medical colleges Cause of Occupational Stress Job Itself Job Demands Type of Hospital Mean S.D. t-values P-value Result Public 4.06 0.98 Private 4.03 0.95 Public 4 0.98 Private 3.49 1.16 0.311 0.756 Not Significant 4.75 0.00 Significant 68
Work Overload Interruptions Administration and Management Rigorous Training Interpersonal Relations Career Development Work Life Conflicts Public 4.21 0.87 Private 3.76 0.84 Public 4.11 0.93 Private 3.32 1.03 Public 4.4 0.78 Private 3.52 0.9 Public 3.44 1.14 Private 3.41 1.20 Public 2.63 1.2 Private 2.4 0.98 Public 2.96 1.3 Private 2.88 1.11 Public 3.05 1.12 Private 2.84 1.08 Level of significance = 5%, Degree of Freedom=398 5.262 0.00 Significant 8.051 0.00 Significant 10.45 0.00 Significant 1.416 0.141 Not Significant 2.099 0.036 Significant 0.662 0.508 Not Significant 1.909 0.057 Significant It can be observed that At 5% level of significance and for 398 degree of freedom in majority of cases significant difference has been identified in causes of occupational stress among medical practitioners in public and private medical colleges, which leads to the rejection of null hypothesis. So ultimately it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between causes of occupational stress among medical practitioners in public and private medical colleges. CONCLUSION From this research following conclusions can be drawn:- 1. Major causes of occupational stress among medical practitioners of public & private colleges are Administration and Management, Work Overload, Interruptions and Job Itself. Interpersonal Relations, Career Development and Work Life Conflicts are not so much causing occupational stress among medical practitioners 69
2. There is a significant difference between causes of occupational stress among medical REFERENCES Alosaimi, F. D., Kazim, S. N., Almufleh, A. S., Aladwani, B.S., & Alsubaie, A. S. (2015). Prevalence of stress and its determinants among residents in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal,36 (5),605-612. John John, E., Philip, B. E., Antor, N.O., Arikpo, I.M., & Nulee, N.C. (2015). Work-related stress among healthcare workers in UGEP, Yakurr local government area, Cross River State, Nigeria: A study of sources, effects and coping strategies. International Journal of Public Health, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1(1), 23-34. Sahasrabuddhe, A. G., Suryawanshi, S. R., & Bhandari, S.R. (2015). Stress among doctors doing residency: A cross-sectional study at tertiary care hospital in the city of Mumbai. National Journal of Community Medicine,6 (1),21-24 Singh, K., Rani, A., Parkash, S., Mamta., Meena, R.K., Loha, S. (2015). Level of stress among the resident doctors working in a tertiary care centre of eastern India: A cross sectional study. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(8),2467-2471. Topalhan, T., Bayat, B., Kavalci,C., Kayipmaz, A.E., & Findik, M. (2015). Workload perception: A study among emergency department healthcare workers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2 (3),519-521. 70