CHAPTER-IV OCCUPATIONS

CHAPTER-IV OCCUPATIONS Occupation refers to the activity to which one regularly devotes himself, especially his regular work or means of earning for living. It is synonymous to vocation, employment, pursuit, craft, business, profession, trade and the like. 1 In 1947, agriculture was the main occupation of the Lubanas. Majority of them depended directly or indirectly on it for their livelihood. 2 They were mainly self-cultivators. They cultivated the land as peasant proprietors, occupancy tenants, tenants-at-will and field labourers. Majority of the Lubanas had small size of holdings. 3 Only those Lubanas who had been allotted land by Maharaja Ranjit and the British in the canal colonies were the middle class farmers. 4 After the partition of the Punjab, the land which was allotted to them was mainly a hard kallar, banjar, barani, marshes in the bet areas of district of Pepsu and Hoshiarpur district. Kallar was a serious handicap for cultivation. 5 Besides, the graded cuts had an adverse effect on them. It worked very harshly on small peasant proprietors like Lubana Sikhs of Gujrat district. 6 Moreover, the areas between river Beas and black Bein were riverain areas with series of chhambs and marshes. Flood was an annual feature of the area. The marshes were flooded in June or July 1. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Jess Stein (editor in Chief) The Tulsi Shah Enterprises, Bombay-1 1970 (reprint- first published in 1966), p.996. 2. nkwdbh dk iohnk ;kvh pokdoh ftzu y/shpkvh s/ jh j? L Durga, "Khetibarhi" Lobana Sewak, October-November 1954, p.23. fj; e"w dk w[y g/fk y/shpkvh j? L Harnam, Lubana Itihas, p.279. DG Hoshiarpur 1980, p.409; DG 1984, p.304, DG Gurdaspur 1979, p.427 and DG Ludhiana 1970, p.150. 3. M.S. Randhawa, Out of the Ashes, p.94; YkJh ebkbk G'I s/oh s/ F{ek Fkeh ykbh.f{ek ;keh ykbh LBarkat Anand, "Uth Jag" Chanan Munare, p.26. Tenancy was of two kinds: (1) Occupancy and (2) at - will. The occupancy tenants enjoyed hereditary right of cultivation and tenants-at-will having no security of tenure. Sucha Gill, "Capitalism in Punjab Agriculture", Studies in Punjab Economy, (editors R.S. Johar and J.S. Khanna), Punjab School of Economics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 1983, p.67. 4. W.W. Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. I, Truber and Co; London 1885, pp.181-82 and Jaswant, The Lubanas in the Punjab: Social, Economic and Political Change (1849-1947), p.54. 5. fjj fjbkek, 1947 ftzu r?o nkpkd s/ ezbo ;h L Sumittar Kaur, "Dur Darshi Baba Prem Ji, Simran (ed.) S. Beant Sarhadi, Basti Sheikh, Jalandhar, Registration 30714/74, p.46. fgzv dh 20 gqshfs d/ eohp }whb jh tkj[d:'r ;h ns/ pkeh ;koh }whb ezbo vzp, pzio edhw ;h L Surinder Maksudpuri, Begowal: (Linguistic and Cultural Survey), p.9. The barani lands in Bholath tahsil were entirely dependent on the rainfall: District and State Gazetteer of the undivided Punjab (Prior to Independence), p.564, The tahsil was the least fertile in state. There are few strips of land where the soil was saline: Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series; Punjab, Vol. I, p.383. 6. M.S. Randhawa, Out of The Ashes, p.106. 47

and remained under water until September. 7 Thus, the area was fit for the crop of paddy. The Lubanas who came from Sheikhupura and Gujranawala district were expert in its cultivation. They produced best type of paddy (basmati). So, that area became a rice bowl. 8 In that way, by working hard, they converted chhambs and marshes into green fields. The anti-flood measures were taken by the government by raising Dhusi Bund on the bank of river Beas. So, the Lubanas began to produce two crops annually. 9 The climate and the soil had been good for the growth of wheat and rice. Both had been easily marketed. The area under wheat and rice increased considerably. 10 The production of paddy and rice due to high yielding varieties increased more under the impact of Green Revolution. 11 It led to high growth of food grains, per capita income as well as employment generation in rural Punjab. The higher income improved their economic condition and raised the social status. 12 The Lubana women were also very laborious. Besides, domestic work, they helped in all types of agricultural work except ploughing. They cut fodder for their animals and looked after them. At night, they spinned till late hours. 13 7. A.L. Anand (ed.) Census of India 1961: Punjab: Districts Census Handbook, 15, District, Punjab Government Press, 1967, p.3. and D.G. Hoshiarpur 1980, p.112. ;kvk fjbkek fijvk j? fjj pvk jh gsfvnk fjbkek j?. fj; s'a fjbktk J/E/ Floods Bkb pvh spkjh j[zdh j?. fie/ gkdh yvk ofjzdk j? L Bawa Harnam (), Punjab Vidhan Sabha Debates, 25 th March, 1958 Vol I, 26, Official Report, Contents, Controller of Printing and Stationary Punjab, Chandigarh 1959, p. (26) 71. 8. S.P. Brar, Directory, Brar Publication Bureau, Shalimar Road, 1974, p.75. The best rice is grown in the land situated on the bank of the Deg. Remarks on the Revised Settlement and Assessment of Purgunah Shahdurah, Zilla Lahore, Appendix 7, p.11. ;kv/ fib/ eg{oeb/ ftzu g?vh dh c;b pj[s f}nkdk j?. fj; fjbke/ ftzu uktb dh c;b bzyk wd fbebdh j? ns/ G'bE ns/ eg{oeb/ s'a pkjo ikdh j? L Bawa Harnam () Punjab Vidhan Sabha Debates, 25 th March 1958 Vol. I 26 Official Report, p. (26) 66. 9. X[;h pzb pdk e/ jv wko{ fjbke/ ~ pukfjnk frnk j? L Barkat Anand, Chanan Munare, p.18. 10. Harinder, Nangal, Lubana (1956-88): A Study of Socio-Economic Chance, p.57. 11. Puran, Dynamics of International Migration from Rural Punjab: A Case Study of Hoshiarpur and districts, p.17. 12. Thanks to the Green Revolution effecting wheat and rice: K.S. Gill, "Agricultural Development in Punjab" Studies in Punjab Economy, (ed.) R.S. Johars and J.S. Khanna, Punjab School of Economics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 1983, p.2. Agricultural development programme was implemented in the districts of Punjab as part of the Green Revolution strategy. This strategy became a success story in Punjab as high yielding verities of wheat and later on rice were cultivated through fertilizers and pesticides: Darshan S. Tatla, "The Punjab Diaspora's Impact on Punjab's Economy and Society: An Assessment", Rural Development in Punjab A Success Story Going Astray (ed.) Autar S. Dhesi Gurnail, Routledge, New Delhi 2008, p.465. 13. fjbqk dhnk n"osk th fwjbsh ns/ xo s'i pkjo d/ ezw eob ~ p[ok BjhI ;wmdhnk L Piara Tanda, "Bhai Makhan Shah Lubana", Lobana Sewak, January-February 2002. p.12. fjj pvh fwjbs w[;zes dk ezw eodhnk jb ns/ wodk d/ f;o Bkb f;o i'v e/ ezw eodhnk jb L Major Sharam, "Ghat Janu Lok Lubanai," Lobana Sewak January 1956, p.16. gzikp 48

At the time of partition, the Lubanas were mainly dependent on the traditional means of irrigation like wells, jhallars and jhata. Later on, the artificial means of irrigation increased tremendously which led to the progress of agriculture. 14 Bawa Harnam, a member of Pepsu Legislative Assembly did a lot to arrange artificial means of irrigation in the Bholath constituency. On 7 th July 1954, he questioned the P.W.D. Minister about the proposal to sink tubewells in Bholath constituency. 15 During 1954-55, a scheme was sanctioned for drilling 100 tubewells in the district. It was implemented in 1955-56. The tubewells were energised in 1956. Out of 100 tubewells, 44 tubewells were sanctioned only for the Nadala Block which was mainly inhabited by the Lubanas. 16 In Bholath circle of district, 62 tubewells had been installed in different villages. 17 Later on, the number of tubewells y/shpkvh gqxkb gqks j?. fgzvk dhnk n"osk th wodk d/ Bkb y/sh ftzu ;jkfjsk eokt[idhnk jb L Manjeet, Punjabi Sabhyachar Sandarbh, p.130. 14. District Census 1951, p.11, District and State Gazetteer of the Undivided Punjab Prior to Independence, p.564. G[bZE ;oeb ftzu nwoheh tzv/ fnt{pt?b fpibh Bkb ubd tkb/ bkj/ ik oj/ jb L Lobana Sewak, May 1955, p.12. 15. SINKING OF TUBEWELLS IN BHOLATH CONSTITUENCY Q. 6 Bawa Harnam : Will the P.W.D. Minister be pleased to state - (a) Whether the Government propose to sink tubewell in Bholath constituency ; (b) if so, the number of tubewells to be sunk in Bholath circle; and (c) On what places the allocation is to be made for the purpose and in which villages? Minister for P.W.D. (Genl. S. Shivdev ): (a) Yes (b) The exact number of tubewells will be determined after carrying detailed surveys which are in progress. (c) The sites will be determined after surveying the area which is in progress. Pepsu Legislative Assembly Debates, Vol. IV, Sr. 1, 7 th July, 1954, pp.6-7. 16. DG 1984, p.70 and The Tribune, June 25, 1956. 17. TUBEWELLS INSTALLED IN BHOLATH CIRCLE OF DISTRICT KAPURTHALA Q. 2270. Bawa Harnam : Will the Minister for irrigation and power be pleased to state the total number of tubewells, if any, installed for irrigation purposes in Bholath circle, district, together with the names of villages where these have been located. S. Gian Rarewala : Sixty-two tubewells. The reply is placed on the table of the House : List showing sixty-two tubewells, and name of villages located in Bholath Area (District ): Sr. Tubewell Name of Village Sr. Tubewell Name of Village 1. 2 But 32. 36 Karnail Ganj 2. 3 Bhatnura Kalan 33. 37 Bhagwanpur 3. 5 Nadali 34. 38 Bazaz 4. 6 Shuparian 35. 39 Tandi 5. 7 Lakhan Kalan 36. 40 Jaid 6. 8 Hamira 37. 41 -do- 7 9 Dialpur 38. 42 Bassi 8. 10 Badshahpur 39. 43 Barriar 9. 11 Rajpur 40. 44 Kaluwal 10. 12 Bamuwal 41. 45 Narangpur 11. 13 Mudowal 42. 46 Begowal 12. 14 Jagbailol 43. 47 -do- 49

run by diesel and electricity increased considerably. The Lubanas, by the use of artificial means of irrigation and farmyard manure converted the hard kallar soil into fertile chahi. They brought a vast areas of banjar, barani and chhammab areas of bet under cultivation. 18 Thus, the artificial means of irrigation helped to convert the arid area into a green belt and increased the production of food grains remarkably. 19 It that way, they contributed a lot to the economy of the Punjab. Besides, increase in production also improved their economic condition. Irrigation facilities were on the increase. The Lubana peasantry was sturdy and hard working and exploited the opportunities offered under the Five-Year Plans. Their holdings were generally small. They tried to make best use of them by raising at least two crops in a year. They began to use improved seeds, implements, fertilizers and new information which the government imparted through various agencies. 20 13. 15 -do- 44. 48 Maksudpur 14. 16 Sherowal 45. 49 Raipur 15. 17 Nadala 46. 50. Surak 16. 18 Nadala 47. 51 Bishanpur 17. 19 Dabulian 48. 52 Lakhan Kalan 18. 20 Daala 49 53 Awan 19. 21 Bakarpur 50. 54 Hamira 20. 22 Mubarakpur 51. 55 Jabbowal 21. 24 Khassan 52. 56 Maksudpur 22. 25 -do- 53. 57 Dialpur 23. 26. Ramgarh 54. 58 Begowal 24. 27 Mehmatpur 55. 59 Murar 25. 28. Loharwala 56 60 Gudane 26. 29 Pandorian 57. 51 Dhilwan 27. 30 Matle 58. 63 Fojjiwal 28. 31 Bholath Shirki 59 75 Hothian 29. 32 Kumrai 60. 76 Mander Bet 30. 34 Begrian 61. 77 Thikriwal 31. 35 Boparai 62. 78 Lakhen Ke Pade Punjab Vidhan Sabha Debates, 8 th April 1958, Annexure to Vol. I- 34 (Morning Sitting) (Official Report) Contents, Tuesday, 8 th April 1958 Controller of Printing and Stationary, Punjab, Chandigarh 1959, p.(34a) 261-62. 18. pzio ebzo s/ Szp t;kt[d tkbh p?mh iks fjj j? pkp/ gq/w f;zx dh p/n pdb fdzsh ;torg[oh nzdo fenk pks. J? fjj pkp/ gq/w f;zx dh L Darshan Sajan, "Sant Prem Ji", Gulcharan, Jiwani Sant Prem Ji (Murala), p.83. 19. DG, 1984, p.70 and The Tribune, June 25, 1956. 20. A.L. Anand, Census Report of India 1961 Punjab, Districts Hnandbook 15, p.11. Study after study indicates that small farm agriculture is more productive, can absorb more labour, encourages more re-investment in agriculture and fullest utilization of land and can yield savings at rates comparable to or even greater then large scale agriculture. R.N. Vasist, "Strategies for Structural Change for Bridging the Gap between Rural Rich and Poor," Rajeshwar Prasad (ed). Social Reforms An Analysis of Indian Society, Y.K. Publishers, Agra 1990, p.87. 50

The Punjab and Pepsu Government did a remarkable work of consolidation of holdings. It was started in November 1954. 21 On 12 th March 1958, it was in progress in 111 villages of the Bholath circle of district. 22 It was completed in 21. CONSOLIDATION OPERATIONS IN BHOLATH CIRCLE OF DISTRICT KAPURTHALA Q. 1767. Bawa Harnam : Will the Minister for Consolidation and Health be pleased to state: - (a) the date when work with the consolidation of holdings commenced in the Bholath circle of district together with the date when it is likely to be finalised; (b) the number and the names of the villages brought under the consolidation operations referred to above; (c) the names and the number of villages where the work in connection with consolidation of holdings has been finalised in the circle referred to in part (a) above; (d) the total amount of expenses incurred and of the consolidation fees, if any, realised from the villages referred to in part (b) above; (e) whether the consolidation work in the villages of Bakarpore, Maqsudpore, Raipur, Pir Bux, Bassi, Awan, in the circle mentioned in part (a) above has already begun ; if so, the date, when the work started in each case; (f) whether the consolidation work has also started in tashil Sultanpur district ; if so, when? Chaudhari Suraj Mal : (a) First Part - In November, 1954. Second Part - Not possible to give exact date. (b) A list has been laid on the table. (c) (d) A list has been laid on the table. First Part - The budget is not sanctioned circle wise. Hence it is not possible to furnish information regarding expenditure exclusive for Bholath circle: Second Part - Consolidation release is Rs. 1,30,291/4/0. Second Part - The date of starting work in each village is given below : - 1. Bakarpur... 11 th January, 1955. 2. Maqsudpur... 1 st January, 1955 3. Raipur Pir Bux,... Ditto 4. Bassi... 24 th January, 1955 5. Awan... 1 st January 1955. Punjab Vidhan Sabha, 12 th March 1955, Vol. I, 17, (Official Report) Controller, Printings and Stationary, Punjab 1959, p.(17) 22. 22. [Minister for Consolidation and Health] List showing the names and number of villages where consolidation of holding work in Bholath Circle is in progress mentioned in reply to part (b) of Assembly question 1767 asked by Bawa Harnam M.L.A. regarding consolidation operations in Bholath circle of district : Sr. Name of Villages Sr. Name of Villages Sr. Name of Villages 1. Jaid 39. Nihal Garh 76. Feroze Sangowal 2. Bassi 40. Mand Miani 77. Balo Chak Bhagupurian 3. Lamme 41. Mand Alsampur 78. Chek Som 4. Bhatnure Kalan 42. Mudowal 79. Mand Hussainpur 5. Bhatnure Khurd 43. Bamowal 80. Mandi Mand Kulla 6. Bholath Gharbi 44. Mirzapur 81. Mand Kulla 7. Bholath Sharki 45. Dandpur 82. Hussiarpur 8. Metla Kherabad 46. Mand Talwandi Kuka 83. Fatehgarh Sikri 9. Kamrai 47. Nadala 84. Chak Purana 10. Salamat Pur 48. Ibrahimwal Tarf 85. Daulhwal Arshad Khan 11. Rajpur 49. Ibrahimwal Tarf Ghulam Nabi Khan 86. Talwara 51

1961. It was done to solve the problem of fragmented growth and development of agriculture. It opened a new chapter in the prosperity of the farmers. Area under irrigation and cultivation increased. More wells and tubewells were sunk in the villages soon after the consolidation operations. Mechanized farming became easier. The farmers could concentrate at one place for agriculture. It became easy for the Lubana farmers to look after their holdings. It helped a lot in the development of agriculture. 23 It made agriculture more profitable. 24 At the time of partition, agriculture was less mechanized. The peasants mostly followed the traditional techniques of agriculture. At the time of sowing and harvesting of wheat and paddy extra manpower was needed. So, the customs of mangi 12. Ramgarh 50. Chaugawan 87. Saitpur 14. Akala 51. Habibwal 88. Talwandi Purdal 15. Bagwan Pur 52. Raipur Raian 89. Bulewal 16. Karnail Gang 53. Mand Raipur Raian 90. Dhabulian 17. Jhal Bajar 54. Mand Ibrahimwal 91. Bakarpur Tarf Arshan Khan 18. Lit 55. Mand Ibrahimwal 92. Ghanzi Gudana Ghulam Nabi Khan 19. Shadipur 56. Dhakran 93. Mangwal 20. Surkh 57. Mand Kamal Pur 94. Shah Pur Piran 21. Mehandpur 58. Maqsoodpur 95. Mughal Chak 22. Musa Khel 59. Raipur Pir Bax wale 96. Jai Ram Pur 23. Khassan 60. Nangal Lubana 97. Mansoorwal 24. Meeranpur 61. Mand Nangal Lubana 98. Tajpur 25. Sher Wala 62. Mandi Road 99. Kotli 26. Chak Chaka Kalan 63. Begowal 100. Sangrai 27. Mand Rawan 64. Bhadas 101. Kuluwal 28. Pakhuwal 65. Nadali 102. Haibatpur 29. Chak Shah Ala Din 66. Kaluwal 103. Muzaffarpur 30. Hassuwal 67. Isab-Ba chu 104. Sangowal 31. Mand Dhakran 68. Jabowal 105. Chakoki 32. Rawan 69. Awan 106. Gudani 33. Mand Gurdaspur 70. Naurangpur 107. Mand Dhilwan 34. Jag 71. Innowal 108. Ramidi 35. Behlolpur 72. Sarupwal 109. Lakhan Ke Padde 36. Billpur 73. Akbarpur 110. Dhilwan 37. Talwandikuka 74. Chak Dome 111. Mand Chakoki 38. Mand Talwani Kuka 75. Mubarikpur Punjab Vidhan Sabha Debates, 12 th March 1958, Vol. I, 17 (Official Report), p. (17) 24. 23. The cultivation of fragmented holdings is often extremely wasteful of labour (especially in the form of shortage of facilities and transport equipment) and even of land as well. Peter T. Bauser and Basil's Yamey, The Economics of Under Development Countries, pp. 177-78. K.S. Gill, "Agricultural Development in Punjab" Studies in Punjab Economy, (editor) R.S. Johars and J.S. Khanna, Punjab School of Economics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 1983, p.1. 1954 ftzu fj; fgzv (we;{dg[o) dh w[ozpkpzdh g?g;{ ;oeko B/ F[o{ eo fdzsh. Bhagat, "Dera Hoti Mardan N.W.F.P. Maksudpur Kiven Wasyas" Lobana Sewak April-June, 1985, pp.8-9. S. Harcharan, Revenue Minister, Pepsu, "Consolidation of Holdings in Pepsu", The Tribune, September 8, 1955, p.4. 24. The English Tribune, 6-2-2008, p.5. 52

was prevalent among them. Close relatives, neighbours and friends associated and helped the concerned farmer in agricultural works. With the mechanization of agriculture, the customs of mangi totally disappeared. Their ploughs were replaced by tractors. The wells were replaced by electric motors, Phalas were replaced by threshers. Moreover, combines not only cut and thrash their crops but also put the grains in the trolley. With mechanization of agriculture, they were able to bring a very large area of land under cultivation. It became very easy to complete the agricultural work in time. It also increased the production. 25 As farmers, the Lubanas had proved their worth. They were capable of sustained physical labour. The Lubanas were industrious and acquisitive cultivators. 26 The displaced Lubanas worked very hard in their fields for their resettlement. They overcame their economic problems. 27 They increased the size of their holdings by industriousness, enterprise, savings from army and other departments and later on by foreign currency. The foreign currency accelerated the process of acquisition of land. It is important to note that the emigrated members sent money from abroad to their families. It was utilized to purchase land and tractors. 28 The purchase of additional land improved their economic condition and enhanced their social status. 29 After partition, the grant of land continued. Under the East Punjab War Ward Act 1948, war Jagirs had been granted to parents, who got their children enlisted in the armed forces, during the World War II, the period of emergency declared at the time of the Chinese aggression and Indo-Pak Wars. No other grants were 25. y/shpkvh bjh tos/ ikd/ n"ikok ftzu Y/o tkxk j'fjnk j?. jbk dh EK No?eNoK B/ b? bjh j?, y{jk dh EK fpibh dhnk w'nok bzr rjhnk jb, cfbnk dh EK Eo?Fo nk rj/ jb ns/ c;bk dh enkjh bjh ezpkjhbk dh tos'i j'd bzr gjh j? L Manjeet, Punjabi Sabhyachar Sandarbh p.136. n?;h ebk s/oh ebk Xko nkjh fpibh, fnt{pt?b No?eNo gj/ x{ed/ B/ pziok ebzok ftzu pjko nkjh Darshan Sajan, "Sant Prem Ji" Gulchararn, Jiwni Sant Prem Ji, p.83 Districts Census 1961, p.12. 26. M.S. Randhawa, Out of The Ashes, p.61: fjj b'e pv/ fwjbsh jb L Prem, "Wanjara Jati Ander Sikhi Jazba", Gurdwara Gazette Amritsar, May 1955, p.53. 27. "Partition and Land Resettlement" The Tribune, 18 September 1983, p.3 and B.D. Yadav, "Presidential Address Modern Section", Proceedings of Punjab History Conference, Thirty- Eighth Session, March 18-20, 2006, p.334. 28. Daljitam, "Letter to Editor", Lobana Sewak, November-December 1998, p.3. Harinder, Nangal Lubana, 1956-88 Study of Socio-Economic Change, p.51. 29. W.H. McLeod, Punjabis in New Zealand: A History of Punjabi Migration (1890-1940), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 1986, p.22. 53

sanctioned. 30 Such type of War Jagirs were granted to many Lubana families. Besides, graded cuts applied to all allotments made in the east Punjab and Pepsu with one solitary exception in favour of those holdings of land in West Punjab in virtue of gallantry awards for World War II. Those persons were exempted from the cuts and received their allotment in full. 31 In rural economy, land was a very crucial resource. It was equivalent to wealth. The main assets of people were held in terms of land and the main employment opportunities were in relation to land. The social status of the rural people depended very much on the ownership of land. 32 The ownership of land, however, small in size conferred dignity and status to the Lubanas. 33 It also provided economic security to owners of the land. 34 Domestication of animals was also their subsidiary occupation. After partition of the Punjab, the Lubana had a good number of animals. They were far better at looking after animals than the average Jats. 35 They were very careful about their cattle. They were specialised in decorating their cattle. 36 They had buffaloes, cows and oxen. 37 They kept their cattle in yards with the facilities of sheds for them. There was a proper arrangement of managers. They kept their cattle at dry ground. They provided fresh fodder and water to their animals. Agriculture and animal husbandry 30. Annual Report of Land Revenue Administration of the Punjab State for the year ending 30 th September 1970, Government Press, Chandigarh 1973, p. ii. 31. Tarlok, Land Resettlement Mannual For Displaced Persons in Punjab & Pepsu, p.77. 32. R.N. Vasist, "Strategies For Structural Change For Bridging the Gap Between Rural Rich and Poor", Rajeshwar Prasad (ed.) Social Reforms An Analysis of Indian Society, Y.K. Publishers, Agra 1990, p.86. 33. M.S. Randhawa, Out of The Ashes, p.214. 34. Puran, Dynamics of International Migration from Rural Punjab: A Case Study of Hoshiarpur and Districts, p.104. 35. Major A.E. Barstow, The Sikh : An Ethnology, B.R. Publishing Corporation, 461, Vivekanand Nagar Delhi 1981, (reprint - first published in 1928), p.70. 36. K.S., India's Communities, p.1973. 37. Harinder, Nangal Lubana 1956-88; Study of Socio-Economic Change, p.60. Amit Kumar Nag, "Indian Tribe with its roots on Danube, S. Bank", The Tribune, 3 November 1968, p.4. ;[D t/ w/o/ wkbek i/ ;[y jw/fk ukjt/i s{zi. njksk fje tbkfje/ ftu pokvk gkt/i sz{. e'mk w/o/ tk;s/ i/ o'fbdkb b[nkt/i sz{. njks/ ns/ pokv/ ftzu y[obh g'u oykt/i sz{. fuzev j'd Bk d/thi EZb/ ;[Zeh irqk oykjhi sz{. gzm/ ukohi e[so e[so e/ u'oh edh Bk gkjh sz{. gkdh w?~ sk}k y{j'i ezy fgbkjh sz{. e[opkb iktkrk s/o/ T[s'I go ;j[z Bk w/oh ykjhi sz{. t/y w/ohnk ukbk fco sz{ ikw/i BjhI ;wkt/irk. ed/ rohp Bk j't/irk sz[ e'm/ Godk ikt/irk. ykdh ns/ jzvkth wkbe y[fhnk ;dk wbkt/irk. eo ;/tk @eosko# e"w dh ;[or j[bko/ ykt/irk. Nambardar Kartar, "Dangran Di Fariad" Lobana Sewak, May 1955, p.16. 54

had been combined and cooperated to each other. The production of crops was facilitated by the use of animals as beasts of burden and motive power to draw ploughs and other agricultural implements, to transport crops and to tread out grain, to operate machines for grinding grain, irrigating fields, etc. 38 They got milk from buffaloes and cows. Extra milk and ghi were sold. It generated extra income. With the mechanization of agriculture, there was notable decrease in the number of their animals. In the end of twentieth century, they had animals to get milk only. As they mainly settled in the bet areas, they were engaged in small scale industry. The raw-material was available for making twines, ropes and grass mats. They also made sutli from san. In their spare times, they remained busy for making the above mentioned items for their domestic use and also for sale. Later on, their small scale industry which was based on raw material of bet decreased day by day due to the non-availability of raw material. 39 The participation of the Lubanas in trade and modern industry was considerable. 40 Education was indispensable mean for securing employment in government services. 41 With the spread of education, they were able to avail the concessions of backward class. So, they were able to join the civil services. They became doctors, engineers, lawyers, teachers, tehsildars, lecturers, professors, and principals in schools and colleges. They also joined Punjab Civil services and Indian Administrative Services and Indian Postal Services. 42 38. Peter B. Hammond, Cultural and Social Anthropology, The Mac million Company, New York 1964, p.37. 39. DG Ludhiana 1970, p.150 and DG Gurdaspur, 1979, p.144. The term small scale unit includes all industrial units with a capital investment of not more than Rs. twenty lac irrespective of the number of persons employed in it. Capital investment for this purpose will mean investment in plant and machinery only: S. Jagtar Kundles, "Small Scale Industry-How to Start It?", Lobana Sewak, January 1982, p.36. 40. K.S., India's communities, Vol. V, p. 1975. 41. M.N. Srinivas, Social Change in Modern India, p.114. 42. The Lubanas of Pepsu were included in the backward classes. Notification 6 dated 29.09.1953 by Pepsu Govt. Backward Classes Department. In 1956, the Lubanas of Punjab were included in the list of Backward Classes. Notification 28585-WG-56/6014 dated 06.10.1956. fjbqk ;e{bk dh pd'bs nzi b[pkdk GkJhuko/ d/ ikfjnk B/ c"ih ;/tktk, f;tb ;/tktk, i{vhfb ;/tktk, w?vheb y/so, fjzihbhno y/so s/ j'o y/sok ftzu tzvhnk wzbk wkohnk jb ns/ wko oj/ jb L S. Bhagat (IAS), "Sant Prem Ji Di Wadmuli Den", Lobana Sewak, Vol. 31. 11, pp.8-9. gvq-fbzy e/ fj; pokdoh d/ ftnesh jo y/so ftzu T[ùhnK-T[ùhnK gdthnk d/ g[i rj/, fjj f;bf;bk j[d ikoh jh oj/rk. ;kv/ e'b izi, w?i;no/n c"ih nca;o, j?vwk;no, fgqz;hgb, vkeno, fjzihno nkfd ekch frdsh ftzu jb L Gulcharan, Jiwni Sant Prem Ji (Murala), p.72. 55

The service in the army and police was the popular subsidiary occupation of the agriculturist Lubanas. The Sikh Lubanas mainly served in the army. Due to partition of the Punjab, their resettlement, scheme of graded cuts during allotment and allotment of less fertile land increased their economic difficulties. 43 So, their dependence on military service increased. Due to strong military background, most of their young boys joined army. Most of the Lubana families had ex-servicemen. 44 They also inspired the young boys to join army. Moreover, their periodical Lobana Sewak (monthly) which was started in September 1954 advertised the dates and places of recruitment. 45 Besides, the Lobana Sewak Sabha which was their important association passed many resolutions for maximum recruitment of the Lubanas in the army. 46 In their literature, they desired for higher ranks in the army and inspired to make sacrifices for the country. 47 It is important to mention that all their settlements were nurseries for military service. 48 Characterized by simplicity, hardiness and love for adventure the Lubana Sikhs were well known for their valour and chivalry. On account of these qualities, they had proved themselves as valuable soldiers in the Indian army and had distinguished themselves in many battlefields. 49 In October 1962, there was a war between India and China. A good number of the Lubanas in defence forces fought the 43. The scheme of graded cuts was a harsh and cruel measure: The Tribune, 18-9-1983, p.3; District and State Gazetteer of the Undivided Punjab (Prior to Independence), p.564 and Manual of Reservation for Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes in service, Government of Punjab, Department of Welfare (reservation cell), Chandigarh 1995, p.15. 44. Harinder, Nangal Lubana 1956-88: Study of Socio-Economic Change, p.17. 45. c"ih Gosh fj; wjhb/ ftzu 23 i[bkjh ;'wtko ~ fgzv Bvkbk, f}bqk eg{oebk ftzu 9 t}/ j't/rh L "Zaruri Suchnawan" Lobana Sewak, July 1956, p.28. 46. Monthly Meeting of Lobana Sewak Sabha was arranged in Nagar Amar Dian Taprian, Tehsil Ropar, Ambala on 22 nd and 23 rd June 1956. fj; s'i pknd j/m fby/ r[ows/ ;op ;zwsh Bkb gk; j'j/ L wsk Bzpo 6 fj; fjbke/ ftzu pj[s pko/ ;[jd/ itkb jb, fjbqk ~ c"i ftzu Gosh ehsk ikt/ L Major Sharan, "Vichhrhe Vir Mile" Lobana Sewak, July 1956, p.24. 47. j[d c"i nzdo egskb s/ w/io, pd/ ejh eob?b szekrk. J/E/ pz; Jh BjhAI fj; s'i tzx e/, c"ik ftzu iob?b szekrk. od G{wh ftzu bv e/ :"X/, d/f bjh j'id/ x?b szekrk L S. Sardar Dardi, "Kaum De Naujawan", Lobana Sewak, February 1955, Vol. I, 5, p.18. 48. The district is known as "Soldier District". Ten thousands from the district are serving in the army, number of ex-servicemen in the district is fifteen thousands. Nadala block (mainly in habited by the Lubanas) is considered to be the nursery of military recruitment. B.S. Brar, Directory, Bar Publicity Bureau, 1984, p.59. 49. M.S. Randhawa, Out of The Ashes, p.61. The Lobanas is an important martial tribe in the Punjab, Speech of Dr. Gopi Chand Bhargava, The Hon'ble Chief Minister of Punjab, Punjab Vidhan Sabha Debates, dated 28 th February, 1951, Vol. III, 1, Official Report, Wednesday, 28 th February to 16/3/1951, p.17. fjzd[;skb ftzu tdikok iksh fjze F{otho iksh j? LPrem, Wanjaza Jati, Ander Sikhi Jazba" Gurdwara Gazette, May 1955, p.53. 56

war. They displayed gallantry, determination and devotion to duty on the border of Nefa and Ladakh. Many of them sacrificed their lives. Their valuable services were recognized by the Punjab government. S. Partap Kairon, the Chief Minister of the Punjab laid the foundation stone of War Memorial in Nangal Lubana in Bholath tahsil of district on 23 rd March 1964. 50 S. Puran Azad took a leading 50. B/ck s/ bdky d/ FjhdK dh :kdrko dk BhIj gzeo ;qh gqskg f;zx e?o'i w[zy wzsqh gzikp B/ Bzrb b[pkdk fty/ nkgd/ gftsq jzek Bkb 23-03-64 ~ ozfynk FjhdK d/ Bkw BkfJe ;kx{ f;zx Bzrb b[pkdk Fgkjh fpeo f;zx Bzrb b[pkdk ## i'frzdo f;zx fwnkbh GZr{g[ohnK ## wfjzdo f;zx fjpokjhwtkb ## wzrb f;zx G'bZE ## pyfhf f;zx bzyb e/ gzv/ b?; BkfJe wfjzdo f;zx Ge{tkb ihhvhh n?;hn?wh nwo f;zx fbnk L Inscription, Government Senior Secondary School, Nangal Lubana, tahsil Bholath district. 1962 ftzu uhb d/ :[ZX ;w/i GNB{ok b[pkdk sfj;hb ns/ f}bk ibzxo d/ 450 B"itkB Gkosh c"i ftzu ;kwb ;B, T[BQk ftzu 20 B"itkB ;ojzdk dh okyh eod/ j'j/ Fjhd j'j/ L Gurmit Hans, "Dairy Bhatnura Lubana", Daily Ajit, 08-10-1994. Table-1 List of Gallantry Awards of in Indo-China War. Sr. Army Rank Name Award Regt/ Award dt. Remarks 37. JC-84822 Honorary Captain Corps 17 Para Field Regiment Gian Mention in 1962 VPO Lubana Nurpur Teh. Dispatch 42. 12203913 Havildar Swaran -do- Artillery 15-06-1963 VPO Nangal Lubana Teh. Bhaloth Districts Sainik Welfare Office,, p.16. The following Sepoys gave up their lives in the battle-field during Indo-China War. Sr. Army Rank Name Regiment /Unit 7. F3349275 Sepoy Karnail Sikh Regiment Date of Operation & Date Casualty Permanent Home Address 16-11-1962 V.P.O. Tanda Ram Sahai Teh. Dasuya Hoshiarpur. 8. 3349228 Sepoy Rawail -do- 16-11-1962 V. Ghore Shahwan P.O. Ranipind. Teh. Dasuya Hoshiarpur. 9. 3349853 Sepoy Surjit -do- 16-11-1962 V. Chak Bamu P.O. Alampur, Teh. Dasuya, Hoshiarpur 18. 3345533 Sepoy Joginder -do- 19-11-62 VPO Zahura Teh. Dasuya Hoshiarpur. District 57

part in mobilising the youth and students to work for the defence of the country during and after the treacherous Chinese aggression in 1962. He published two booklets, Role of Indian Youth to Defend their Motherland, and Indian Youth Accepts Challenges. 51 Besides, he led in October 1964, an Indian delegation of various youth organizations in the country to World Youth Forum at Moscow where he spoke very boldly and successfully against Chinese aggression on India and correctly explained India's stand to the various participating world deliberations to that Forum. 52 Immediately after the Indo-China War of 1962, an emergency commission was granted to good number of Lubanas. After some time some of them were discharged from regular army. They were adjusted in Central Reserve Police Force and Border Security Force. They were able to get very high ranks in the para military forces. It is important to note that S. Swaran a resident of Raipur Pirbuxwala became Commandant in Central Reserve Police Force. For his distinguished services, he was honoured by the President of India on 26 th January 1990. 53 S. Gurbachan of Nangal Lubana became commandant in Border Security Force. Besides, Maninder of Tanda Ram Sahai also became commandant in Border Security Force. He was honoured for his meritorious services. 54 Those, who were discharged from the army, were considered ex-servicemen. They were able to adjust themselves in civil services, So they were appointed school lecturers and headmasters in various govt. high and higher secondary schools. Among them, Bawa Sangat a resident of village Begowal was promoted to district education officer. He was appointed a 21. 3348167 Sepoy Puran -do- 19-11-62 V. Gorsian Kothe P.O. Miani, Teh. Dasuya Hoshiarpur 32. JC-4016 Subedar Sansar -do- 16-11-62 VPO Umarpur, Teh Dasuya Hoshiarpur 71. 4437701 Sepoy Malkiat -do- 85. 2334574 Havildar Darshan Punjab Regiment District Sainik Welfare Office, Hoshiarpur, p.1-9. Operation Olympus 21-11-62 Operation Loghorn 21-10-62 V. Bhoolpur, P.O. Miani Teh Dasuya Hoshiarpur VPO Ibrahimpur Teh. Dasuya Hoshiarpur 51. Punjab Legislative Council Who's Who (As on 27 th April 1964), Punjab Legislative Council, Secretariat, Chandigarh, 1964, p.9. 52. Punjab Legislative Counci Who's Who (As on 27 th April 1966), Punjab Vidhan Parishad Secretariat, Chandigarh, 1966, p.9. 53. He was appointed as Emergency Commissioned Officer in the army on 06/10/1993. Proforma 'A' Recommendation for the Award of President's Police Medal for distinguished service on the Occasion of Republic Day, 1990. 54. Commandant G.B., Lobana Sewak, October-December, 1986, p.22. 58

member of Department of Selection Committee for the recruitment of Class-III and Class-IV posts in the department of education. 55 The Lubana distinguished themselves in the Indo-Pak War of 1965. Lt. Col. Gulcharan commanded three platoons in Kashmir and occupied 25 square miles area of Pakistan. 56 They sacrificed their lives for their motherland. 57 They showed bravery in the war and were honoured with Sena Medals and mention-in-dispatches. 58 55. The Government of Punjab pleased to constitute the following Department Selection Committees for the Recruitment of Class-III and Class-IV posts in the Department of Education, Punjab in terms of instructions contained in the Punjab Government, (Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms) Circular Letter 12/30/86-IGE/5139 dated 15 April, 1986 56. Gulcharan, Jiwni Sant Prem Ji (Murala). p.124. 57. Sr. Army Rank Name Regt./ Unit 8. 3355792 Sepoy Charan 65. 2439076 Havildar Pritam 76. 2445433 Sepoy Santokh 77. 2437214 Sepoy Jaswant 78. 2453170 Sepoy Piara 87. 2450721 Sepoy Joginder Sikh Regiment Punjab Regiment -do- -do- -do- -do- Name of Operation & Date of Causality Operation Riddle 6-9-1965 Operation Olympus 5-9-1965 Operation Riddle 19-9-1965 Operation Riddle 19-9-1965 Operation Riddle 22-9-1965 Operation Riddle 27-11-1965 List of Casualties, District Sainik Welfare, Hoshiarpur, p.1-7. Permanent Address V. Bhushan P.O. Sabdalpur Teh. Dasuya Hoshiarpur. VPO Porika Teh Mukerian Hoshiarpur -do VPO Jalalpur, Tehsil Dasuya Hoshiarpur. VPO Tanda Ram Sahai Tehsil Dasuya Hoshiarpur. v. Ckakbamu, P.O. Alampur Tehsil Dasuya Hoshiarpur Remarks 58. Table1. List of Gallantry Awardees of. Sr. Army Rank Name Awards Regt. /Corps 27. JC-80868 Sub-Maj Piara Sena 7 Punjab Honorary Medal Regiment Captain Award Address Date 1965 V. Fatehgarh, P.O. Miani Bhagupurian Teh. Bholath 59

S. Puran Azad was the director of first Border Youth National Service Camp organized by him at Khemkaran from 4 th July to 16 th July 1966, to help the war affected people of Khemkaran area. 59 The Lubana showed courage and bravery in the Indo-Pak War of 1971. R.S. Sujlana was commissioned into 9 th Batalian of the Sikh Regiment in June 1971. As a young officer, he took part in the war. 60 Many Lubanas laid down their lives for their country. They were honoured with various awards like Sena Medals, Mention-indespatches, Vashist Sewa Medals and Vir Chakra. 61 It is important to mention that Sepoy Ajit son of S. Mukhtiar of village Kaulpur tahsil Dasuya district Hoshiarpur was a gunner radio operator with the forward observation officers party during the attack on an enemy position in the Fazilka sector. On the night of 8 th December 1971, during the assault, he was struck by a shell splinter and was seriously 40. JC-35026 Subedar Jaswant Mention in Dispatch -do- 41. 1148218 Hav. Harbhajan District Sainik Welfare Office,, pp.1-6. 14 Punjab 1965 VPO Maksudpur, Tehsil Bholath 13 Field Regt. 1965 -do- 59. Punjab Vidhan Parishad Who's Who (As on 27 th April 1966), Punjab Vidhan Parishan secretariat, Chandigarh, 1966, p.9. 60. Lieut. Gen. Sujlana is PPSC Chairman" The Tribune, 23 November 2011, p.5. 61. Table: 1 - List of Gallantry Awardees of. Sr. Army Rank Name Award Regt./Cor Award Address ps Date 34. JC-51728 Risaldar Arjun Mention in Armed 19.1.72 V. Raipur Pir Honorary Dispatch Corps Bakshwala Teh, Captain Bholath, 43. 13801546 Sepoy Reghbir -do- 24 Army 2.1.72 VPO Nurpur Supply Lubana Teh. Corps 52. 3341235 Company Tehal Sena Medal Sikh 4.17.71 V. Fatehgarh, Havildar Regiment P.O. Maini Teh. Major Bholath 65. 656471 Master Chief Petty Officer -II Joginder Naval Service Decoration Navy Dec 71 -do- 35. JC-86928L Subedar Major Honorary Captain 66. 10991 Squadron Leder Fateh Baldev Mention in Dispatch Vashist Sewa Medal 24 Punjab 7.12.71 VOP Raipur Regiment Arian Teh. Bholath Air Force 26.1.74 V. Naurangpur P.O. Begowal, Tehsil Bholath 60

wounded. Unmindful of his injuries, he continued to operate the radio set transmitting the orders. As a result of which accurate artillery fire was brought down on the enemy. In that action, Gunner Ajit displayed gallantry, devotion and dedication to duty of a high order. He showed great bravery in Fazilka sector and was honoured with 'Vir Chakra by the Government of India. 62 S. Swaran who was a Deputy Superintendent of 16 th Batalion, Central Reserve Police Force contributed a lot towards the over all successful performance of the Central Reserved Police during the Indo-Pak War of 1971. His valuable services were appreciated by the Director General of Central Reserve Police Force for his exceptional devotion to duty, loyalty and perserving hard work in the national interest. 63 They also took part in the campaigns of Sri Lanka in 1989 and Kargil in 1999. They displayed gallantry, determination and devotion to duty. Naik Sukhdev, 13746410 of a Para-commando, displayed conspicuous courage, bravery and valour in action against the militants. He was rocket launcher number one of I Troop Alfa Team in Sri Lanka. On 4 March, 1989 the team faced a strong militant camp of approximately 150. Under heavy fire, Naik Sukhdev deployed his rocket launcher. He was injured by a claymore mine, but continued to fire his rocket launcher, warding off determined efforts by the militants to assault and encircle the team. He continued to fire for nearly 90 minutes, till he was seriously hit in the head and was evacuated. He later succumbed to injuries on 13 March, 1989. So, he was List of Gallantry Awarders of District, District Sainik Welfare Office,, pp.1-6; Gallantry/ Distinguished Defence/ Civilian Award Records Register, p.54 and Giani Hem, "Vir Chakra", Lobana Sewak, November-December 1994, p.9. In Hoshiarpur the following were the Gallantry Awardees. Sr. Army Rank Name Award Award Date Address 17. 3357455 Sepoy Gurdip Mention 1971 V. Godra Tehsil Dasuya in Dispatch 19. Naik Dhian -do- 1971 V. Tahli Tehsil Dasuya Hoshiarpur List of Gallantry Awardees of Hoshiarpur district, p. 1-6. 62. Citation, Citation in respect of Gunner (Operator Radio Artillery) Ajit (1243715), The Regiment of Artillery, awarded Vir Chakra. Government of India, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi. 63. It has given me great pleasure to learn of your signal contribution towards the overall successful performance of the CRPF during the 1971 Indo-Pak War. Amad Ali, Director General Central Reserve Police Force's Letter M.II-5/72-dated 21 st June 1972, to Shri Swaran Dy. S.P. 16 th Batalion, Central Reserve Police Force. 61

honoured with Vir Chakra posthumously on April 13, 1990. 64 Many other Lubanas sacrificed their lives in Sri Lanka and Kargil. For instance, Captain Ajit s/o Mukhtiar resident of Kaulpur tahsil Dasuya distt. Hoshiarpur, sacrificed his life in an encounter with militants in Doda district in Srinagar in 22-06-1994. On 22 nd June 1994, Captain Ajit of 229 Field Regiment was leading a quick reaction team in civil vehicles to apprehend approximately 12 militants of Hizbul Mujahideen group camping in village Khanan. As the leading vehicle stopped 800 meters short of village Khanan to cordon it from two sides, militants opened fire with automatic weapons from the hills in front and to the right. The initial burst severely injured him in the right arm. Undaunted by the injury, he jumped from the vehicle and opened fire on the militants. He organized other ranks from the second vehicle and gave covering fire to an assaulting team under another officer. Simulteneously, exhibiting conspicuous bravery, totally unmindful of injury and personal safety, he assaulted the militants while firing from hip, killing Gulam Muhammad, a Pakistani trained militant. During the assault he was injured for the second time in abdomen. He was immediately evacuated to 92 Base hospital where he later succumbed to his injuries. For this courage, Captain Ajit was recommended for the award of 'Sena Medal' (Posthumously). 65 Major Kamal Gulzar son of Major Kartar resident of Jalandhar sacrificed his life at Kupwara in Kargil sector of Jammu and Kashmir in counter insurgency operation on 23 rd July 1999. Naik Sajjan sacrificed his life in 1989 in Sri Lanka. 66 64. India's Highest Gallantry Awards and the Men Who Won Them 1947-1995, p.761. 65. Sena Medal (Gallantry) 22/06/1994. CAPTAIN Ajit (RC-554) VIR CHAKRA, ARTILLERY (POSTHUMOUS). Gazette of India Notification 183-Pres./95 dated 15 August 1995 published in part-i, Section-I of the Gazette of India dated 07 October 1995. 66. List in the District Sainik Welfare Office, Jalandhar, p.5. Giani Hem, "Vir Chakra", Lobana Sewak, Nov.-Dec. 1994, p.9. Sr. Army Rank Name Regt. Date of Place of Address 53. 3371156 Naik Sujan 101. IC- 45086 Major Kamal Gulzar causality Casualty Sikh 1989 Sri Lanka VPO Begowal Tehsil Bhalath, 5/9 3-7-99 Kargil 112, Vivek Vihar, Grenadier Jalandhar. War/Campaign Wise State of War Widows since Independence, e.g. 1947-48, 1962, 1956, 1971 and Kargil War, Sainik Welfare Office, Jalandhar, p.5. "Major killed" The Indian Express, July 5, 1999, p.1. 62

The Lubana girls also became commissioned officer in the army. Navneet Lubana daughter of Jagtar resident of was selected as a commissioned officer in 2001. 67 She did her training in Officers Training Academy, Madras in March 2002. She did her training with distinction and was honoured with silver medal. 68 Some of the Lubanas got commission in the army. They were promoted to the ranks of Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, Brigadiers and Major General. They were honoured with Vashisht Sewa Medals, Mention-in-Despatches and Vir Chakra. Thus, they got an opportunity to move up in the society. 69 The pay and 67. "Bale Ni Punjab Die Sher Bachie" Ajit, 19-03-2002. 68. Navneet Lubana, Himti Aurat Lai Kujh Mushkal Nahin", Ajit, 23-03-2002. 69. List of Gallantry Awardees of District, District Gurdaspur District, District Sainik Welfare Office, Gurdaspur, pp.1-6; Distinguished Service Awards District Jalandhar, District Sainik Welfare Office, Jalandhar, pp.1-6, India's Highest Gallantry Awards and Men Who Won Them 1947-1995, The Defence Review, New Delhi 1995, p.761. The following table shows the military officers of the Lubanas, their ranks and addresses Sr. Name Rank Address 1. S. Tarlok Major V. Miani Afganan tahil Dasuya, district Chaudhry General Hoshiarpur. 2. S. Jagir Brigadier Sector- 27, Chandigarh. 3. Dr. Daljitam Brigadier V. Begowal, tahsil Bholath, district 4. Kuldeep Colonel 265, New Jawahar Nagar, Jalandhar City. 5. S. Mohinder Colonel V. Subhanpur tahsil & distt.. Pelia 6. S. Gulcharan Lt. Col. 196, Model Town, Jalandhar City. 7. S. Partap Lt. Col. 92, Sector-18 A, Chandigarh. 8. S. Harnam Singj Lt. Col. 189, New Jawahar Nagar, Jalandhar City. 9. S. Gurdial Lt. Col Tanda, tahsil Dasuya, district Hoshiarpur 10. Khazan Lt. Col. 85, Purana Road, Jalandhar Cantt. 11. S. Kulwant Lt. Col. Dakha, Jalandhar City. Bhagiana 12. S. Thaman Lt. Col. V. Begowal, tahsil Bholath, distt. 13. S.Surinder Lt. Col. V. Miani Afganan, tahsil Dasuya, distt. Chaudhary Hoshiarpur 14. S.Mukhtiar Lt.Col. V. Gilzian, tahsil Dasuya, distt. Hoshiarpur 15. S. Gurcharan Lt.Col 253, Lajpat Nagar, Jalandhar City. 16. S. Kuldip Lt. Col. V.P.O. Nadala, tahsil Bholath, distt. Multani. 17. S. Rajinder Lt. Col. V. Mandi Road, P.O. Nangal Lubana, distt. 18. S. Sood Lt. Col. V.P.O Jalalpur, tahsil Dasuya, distt. Hoshiarpur. 19. S. Banta Major 334, Defence Colony, Jalandhar City. 20. S. Jetha Major 85, Purana Road, Jalandhar Cantt. 21. S. Lachhman Major V.P.O. Nangal Lubana, tahsil Bholath, distt.. 22. S. Mehar Major Balarwal, distt. Gurdaspur. 23. S. Shamsher Major 253, Lajpat Nagar, Jalandhar City. 24. S. Harnam Major Defence Colony, Jalandhar City. 25. S. Satbir Major 547, Sirajgang, Jalandhar City. 63

pension improved their economic condition. During service, they visited different parts of the country. They had more exposure. 70 They became better citizens. Military services inculcated discipline and other good qualities among them. Moreover, they became aware of the wider social order and new value system. It generated new social aspirations among them. 71 A good number of the Lubanas joined police, Border Security Force and Central Reserve Police Force. The traditional Kabaddi game facilitated their recruitment in the police. Due to good performance in Kabaddi games, they were promoted to the ranks of Assistant Sub-Inspector, Sub Inspector and Deputy Superintendent of Police. S. Balkar resident of Bhatnura Lubana, district Jalandhar, qualified for Indian Police Service. 72 Moreover, Captain K.B.S. Jallo son Know Thy Brethren-3 Lobana Sewak, October- December 1982, p.45. Know Thy Brethren -4 Lobana Sewak, April June 1983 pp.54-55. 70. Satish Sabharwal, Mobile Men: A Limit to Social Change in the Urban Life, pp.11-12. 71. Gulcharan, "Lekhak Bare", Jiwni Sant Prem Ji (Murala), p.122. and List of Executive Committee Members of Sant Prem Lubana Welfare, Society, Regd. 278-S, Model Town, Jalandhar, Sr. 1-37. 72. The following table shows the recruitment of the Lubanas in police on the basis of their performance of Kabaddi : Sr. Name Father's Name Address Date of Rank in 2002 1. Amarjit 2. Balwinder (Fidda) 3. Gurkewal 4. Mohinder Mohan 5. Shivdev 6. Satnam 7. Sukha S. Makhan V. Fatehgarh P.O. Begowal, S. Banta V. Tandi P.O. Ibrahimwal S. Gian V.P.O. Ibrahimwal S. Karan VPO Begowal S. Pala V. Fatehgarh P.O. Begowal S. Sewak V.P.O. Alampur Hoshiarpur S. Ajeet VPO Maksudpur Joining 1.10.1975 Deputy Superintendent. of Police 15.11.1979 -do- 11.6.1979 -do- 1.11.1975 -do- 1.10.1975 -do- 7.7.1986 Assist Sub Inspector 18.5.1985 Sub. Inspector 64

of Major Narinder Jallo was selected for Punjab Police Service in 1990. S. Harbhajan Son of Gian resident of village Bains Awan was selected for Punjab Police Service in 1994. 73 The Lubana girls availed the benefit of reservation of seats and age relaxation due to their inclusion in the lists of backward classes and backward areas. 74 By getting higher education, they became school teachers and school and college lecturers in good numbers. Teaching was the most popular profession for them. 75 Surinder Kaur Rupiyal was selected for National Teacher Award in 1998. She was honoured on Teacher's Day on 5 September 1998. 76 They also became doctors, lawyers, civil engineers and child development and project officers. 77 Bakshish Kaur qualified Punjab Civil Service Judicial examination in 1965. She was appointed sub-judge and civil judge magistrate in 1965 in Jalandhar. She was promoted to Additional Session Judge in 1984 and to District Session Judge in 1992. From 1994-1998, she remained Judicial Officer as Legal Remembrance in Punjab Secretariat, Chandigarh. She was the first women judicial officer. On 14 th May 1999, she was appointed as a judge in the Punjab and Haryana High Court at Chandigarh. She retired from that post on 6 th 8. Udham 9. Pardhan S. Mukhtiar VPO Ramgarh S. Thakur V. Firoze Sangowal P.O. Begowal 1.10.1974 -do- 1.1.1981 Left as constable. R.S. Gill, Grit Glory The Magnificent Performance of the Punjab Police in Sports 1925-2001, Phulkian Press, Patiala 2002, pp.390-401. 73. Lobana Sewak, June 1996, p.10. 74. FACILITIES EXTENDED TO BACKWARD CLASSES IN THE STATE: - S. Partap Kairon's, Hon'ble Chief Minister of the Punjab's, answer to Question 2015 of S. Atma (i) 2 per cent seats have been reserved for them in state government services and for admission in the educational, technical and professional institutions on the basis of population in the Punjab. (ii) Candidates belonging to these classes have been granted age concession for entry into service under the Punjab State Government. Punjab Vidhan Sabha Debates, 14 th December 1959, Vol. III, 1, Official Report, Contents, Controller Punjab Stationary, Punjab, Chandigarh, 1960, p.(1)388. 75. S. Milka, Lobana Sewak, April-June 1983, pp. 42-43; Personal Diary of Principal Waryam, (Retd.) 1 Aman Nagar, Education 76. Lobana Sewak, July-September 1998, p.30. 77. Ajit, 19.03.2002 and 22.03.2002. In 1984, two sisters Smt. Sandip Kaur and Ajit Multani, were appointed as child development and project officer. Letter 1/24/19SW/83/8331/26/4/84. 65