Ninth Asia-Pacific Heads of Maritime Safety Agencies Forum 18 22 April 2006 AGENDA ITEM 2 MARITIME SECURITY TRAINING AND CONTROL MEASURES FOR DOCKWORKERS, SECURITY GUARDS AND PRIVATE GUARDS COMMANDER IVAN WOLDARSKY A. DEPUTY CHIEF MARITIME INSPECTION SERVICE CHILEAN MARITIME AUTHORITY
I INTRODUCTION Commercial shipping is one of the most used services for international transport of cargo, representing 80% of the import /export sea-borne goods. Sea-borne trade is highly vulnerable to criminal acts or terrorist attacks, posing a higher risk for ships, crew and passengers. The first ones at risk are cargo ships, which may be used to transport illegal aliens or smuggling arms, where conventional, nuclear, chemical or biological weapons may be placed inside a container or in a closed package. Ships may also be used as weapons against terminals or other ships. This is why identification, access control and training of people who work within the logistic chain play an important role, as they are the basis of the system. Among these people we find two important players: dock workers, who carry out a significant role in the direct handling of cargo; and private security personnel (security guards and watch-keepers), who are in charge of controlling access and providing protection inside port facilities, in order to secure a normal development of all activities concerning maritime shipping.
II THE CHILEAN MARITIME AUTHORITY AND ITS ROLE IN THE MARITIME SECURITY AREA The Directorate General of the Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine, DIRECTEMAR, is the Organism of the Chilean Navy, by which the Government of the Republic of Chile watches over the compliance of international standards and agreements presently in force, in order to protect life at sea, the marine environment, natural resources and to control activities carried out within its jurisdiction and thus contributing to the maritime development of our nation.
III DOCKWORKERS, SECURITY GUARDS AND PRIVATE GUARDS A.- DOCKWORKER: 1- A person whose duties relate to the loading and unloading of goods from ships, plus other activities required at port, either on board ships or naval units located at Chilean ports and port facilities. Dockworkers are hired by wharf companies using two kinds of contracts: Permanent contract, and Temporary contract. 2- Control and Monitoring: According to the prevailing national legislation, the Maritime Authority is the entity responsible for controlling the access and stay of these workers in port facilities. Therefore, this Authority must maintain a registry of every wharf company, and create a system which, through a database, would permit a full control of the dockworkers list, thus avoiding repetition of shifts, and at the same time, securing the entrance of those who are authorized and competent to fulfil a function, being the Maritime Authority empowered to restrict the access of any unauthorized person with the aim of maintaining order and security.
3- National Statistics: Wharf companies : 240 Port companies : 4 Number of authorized dockworkers : 26,252 B.- PRIVATE SECURITY PERSONNEL 1- First of all, it is important to mention that the security measures implemented in these public and private bodies of our country, have been in force for 30 years, pursuant to a legislation adopted in the 60 s, which through the years, has been amended according to the prevailing demands, becoming today the structural basis for the entrance, training and operation of this personnel. With respect to security in maritime terminals and ports, since 1995, the Maritime Authority is responsible for the enforcement of these private security systems within its jurisdictional area, such as: beaches, port facilities and on board ships, both of private and public bodies.
The Maritime Authority, in order to control and enforce maritime-port private security systems in its role as Maritime Police, undertakes its duties through its Technical Directorates as follows: DIRSOMAR: Mainly in the operative area, considering as well the proceedings and control of documents, security studies, operational guidelines and access to ports. DIRINMAR: Mainly in the administrative area, proceedings and control of documents, training and instruction courses, granting of resolutions and permissions, and the administration of databases on computer applications for the personnel involved.
2- National Statistics: Legal entities and natural persons are controlled at a national level, among which the following are included: 127 Companies that offer security guard service. 38 Companies that provide training to security guards (port maritime private watch-keepers and guards) 59 Advisors 251 Instructors 305 Private Watch-keepers 4,231 Security Guards 3- Training: To properly fulfil their functions, these workers must firstly take an elementary course on port operations security conducted by a Technical body, recognized by the National Training and Employment Service. This course must comply with the requirements and duration period as stated in the relevant regulations, as follows: a. Elementary course on port operations security, and
b. Re-training course. Training requirements: Private Guards Elementary course Specialty course Annual re-training 54 hrs. (8 subjects) 62 hrs. (8 subjects) 8 matters Security Guards Elementary course Re-training course 28 hrs. (4 subjects) 18 hrs. (3 subjects) To control the training mentioned above, the Maritime Authority has published different guidelines, texts and instructions in order to consolidate the procedures and to train those who voluntarily receive or must receive training on port maritime private security, in accordance with the prevailing legal framework, be it in the training, instruction or rendering of services area. Guideline O-10/001 for the Control of Private Security System. TM-079 Instructions for entities that are fitted with SPMP systems. TM-080 Instructions for advisory entities, rendering of services and/or SPMP training. TM-081 Training Manual for SPMP personnel TM-082 Weapon and Shooting Manual for maritime private guards (VPM in Spanish), instructors only.
III TECHNOLOGICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENCE TOOLS FOR THE CONTROL OF DOCKWORKERS AND PRIVATE SECURITY PERSONNEL A.- ACCESS AND STAY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DOCKWORKERS: The application of this system is operative since 1999 and, in 2002, it was upgraded by being fitted with a technological tool by which a great number of dockworkers may be entered in a sole document, that at the same time, processes in real time the registered data in the web site of DIRECTEMAR. At the same time, a friendly environment application was developed in order to facilitate its operation by all wharf company s stakeholders when creating relative lists; by port companies to implement access control and; by local Maritime Authorities that carry out on-field control. The access to this application is controlled in a centralized way, through DIRSOMAR Operations and Maritime Police Department. B.- PORT MARITIME PRIVATE SECURITY APPLICATION: The Private Security application was created in 2001 to help in the control and monitoring of natural persons and legal entities that carry out activities in the maritime security area, such as advising, training or performing security tasks in the field. The Maritime Authority must control the compliance of duties and obligations in accordance with the legislation regarding this matter for such entities. This fact assures at all times that people holding their appropriate authorization are competent and trained to take a responsibility on security and do not constitute a menace to the
security team of a particular facility, which would cause a failure in the security according to the ISPS Code. At the same time, since 2004, the implementation of an electronic file has been considered. This file will contribute not only to control the security personnel mentioned before, but also to fulfil security functions of the Port Facility Security Officers, as established in the ISPS Code.
IV CONCLUSIONS Due to its geographical position and the global free trade economy, Chile depends essentially on maritime communications services for the development of its international trade. Consequently, and because of the responsibilities assumed within the jurisdictional waters, the Chilean Maritime Authority is taking the appropriate measures to address effective and efficiently national and international maritime security matters. The ISPS Code and the national legislation in force demand a permanent instruction and training of dockworkers and of private security personnel, respectively. These activities must be controlled by the Maritime Authority, in order to ensure a high level of competence. Dockworkers are of primary importance in the shipping logistic chain, as they are permanently working in port facilities and with an important role in the daily activities performed. This allows to detect or determine any abnormality within the surroundings of port operations, thus providing safer ports and projecting the nation as a reliable country for the development of foreign trade. Likewise, thirty years ago since its creation, these private security systems, together with their personnel, have provided support to the Maritime Authority, first of all in maintaining Order, Security and Discipline within the facilities located in the port maritime jurisdiction, and secondly in guaranteeing the maintenance of security within the facilities that rely on these systems.