Chapter 4 Civil War 1
Label GPERSIA on the back of each note card Geography Of or relating to the physical features of the earth surface Political Of or relating to government and /or politics Economic Of or relating to an economy, the production and management of material wealth (money) Religious Of or relating to beliefs Social Of or relating to human society, the interaction of the individual and the group Intellectual Of or relating to knowledge Arts Of or relating to fine arts and literature Physical Landscape Human Landscape Cultural Geography Economic Geography Political Geography Nations/states Government leaders Political elites Laws Acts Political parties Government policies Government Actions Rights Political persecution Revolution Nationalism Imperialism Wars Treaties Conferences Diplomacy Strategy Alliances International Organizations Jobs Economic Policies/Laws Economic theories Economists Agriculture Industry Labor Urbanization Markets Religion Beliefs Sect Denominati on Church Mosque Temple Doctrine Prophet The Family Children Women Gender Roles Education Social Classes Ethnic Groups Population Movement Health Care Disease Famine Ritual Language Technology Philosophy Science Intellectual Movements Music Literature Painting Photography Architecture Dance Film 2
21. Abraham Lincoln An Illinois state Legislator before being elected the 16 th President of the United States in 1860. His Main focus throughout the Civil War was to preserve the Union and rejoin the Confederate and Union states. Was also responsible for the Emancipation Proclamation and ending slavery. Assassinated by (John Wilkes Booth) April 14, 1865. 3
22. Jefferson Davis U.S. Senator from Mississippi Named president of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) Believed in the rights of states being sovereign At the conclusion of the war was captured (May 10, 1865) and charged with treason. 4
23. Robert E. Lee Virginian who who was formerly an outstanding officer in the US Army. Lee turned down an offer to command the US Army, instead accepted command of the Confederate forces due to remaining loyal to his home state. 5
24. Ulysses S. Grant Began as a brigadier general of volunteers in the Union Army (1861) Named Union Lieutenant General (1864-1869) Spent the majority of the war in the western frontier. Accepted Confederate surrender from General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House 6
25. John Wilkes Booth On April 14, 1865 a couple days after the Surrender of the Confederacy, John Wilkes Booth approached President Lincoln s private box at Ford s Theater around 10pm and shot Lincoln in the back of the head. Booth would jump from the balcony breaking his leg in the process, but escaping only to be hunted down a few days later and shot in a barn in Virginia. 7
26. Stonewall Jackson AKA (Thomas J. Jackson) led a stand against Union forces at the Battle of Bull Run, forcing them to retreat. Given the nickname Stonewall by Confederates because he refused to back down from Union forces. 8
27. Clara Barton Beginning in 1861 alarmed by the casualties of war, began to collect medical supplies for northern troops. During the war she followed behind Union lines caring for the wounded and sick. Helped lead to the formation of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, and later after helping with war efforts over seas, came back to the U.S. to found the American Red Cross in 1881. 9
28. William T. Sherman s March Sherman s Union forces marched east through Georgia on their way to the Atlantic. The purpose was to bring the horrors of war to the front yard of Southern Civilians. Sherman s troops ransacked, houses, burned crops, and killed Southerner s livestock, thus demoralizing them. 10
29. Fort Sumter Located in Charleston Harbor, this was one of the few federal military bases that Southerners had not already seized following succession. Lincoln makes the decision to send much needed supplies to the Fort. Confederate forces then bombarded Ft. Sumter for 33 hours until the exhausted Union forces gave up. No one was killed, but the war had begun. 11
30. Vicksburg City placed under siege by the Union army on May 22 nd 1863, and surrendered by the Confederates on July 4 th 1863. Forced Confederate forces to surrender the city along with their control of the Mississippi River, thus splitting the Confederacy in two. 12
31. Antietam The Single Bloodiest day of the Civil War. Union Forces led by General McClellan and Confederate forces led by Robert E. Lee, met near Antietam Creek in Maryland on September 17, 1862. 23,000 troops were wounded or dead and Lee s forces retreated to Virginia even though Union losses were greater. This Union Victory would help lead to Lincoln s declaration of the Emancipation Proclamation. 13
32. 1 st Bull Run/ Manassas Known as the Battle of Bull Run in the North, and the Battle of Manassas in the South. 1 st bloodshed of the Civil War Occurred at Manassas Junction in VA, only 25 miles South of Washington DC With the help of Stonewall Jackson s reinforcements, the Union suffered a defeat. 14
33. Gettysburg Turning point of the war in the East. 3-day battle/ Gettysburg, PA Union victory Lee loses more than 1/3 of his forces and will never be able to re-gain the strength he had before the battle. Bloodiest battle of the Civil War 15
34. Gettysburg Address Speech Given by President Lincoln in November of 1863 following the Battle of Gettysburg. The speech was given at Gettysburg battlefield cemetery dedication. One of the most prominent speeches in American History. 16
35. Anaconda Plan (Squeezing to death) Plan devised by General Winfield Scott of the Union to lead to victory over the Confederacy. First, the Union would blockade southern ports, keeping the South from receiving income from exports and supplies from imports. Secondly, Union forces would work southward taking control of the Mississippi River, thus splitting the Confederacy in two. 17
36. Border States States that allowed slavery, but did not seceded from the Union Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri Lincoln knew that if these states were lost to the Confederacy, the Union itself would most likely also be lost. 18
37. Siege The Surrounding, bombarding, and cutting off of supplies to an enemies strong hold in order to force surrender. Tactic used by the Union Army to force the surrender of Confederate troops at Vicksburg. 19
38. Total War Military tactic used by Grant that includes not only striking enemy military targets, but also civilian targets. Used to weaken an enemy s army, economy, and will power. 20
39. Emancipation Proclamation Military Decree issued by Lincoln on September 22, 1862. The decree called for the freeing of all slaves in states still in rebellion against the Union after January 1, 1863. 21
40. 13 th Amendment Officially abolished slavery in the United States. (Ratified in December of 1865) The First of the Reconstruction Amendments. 22
41. CSA CSA refers to the Confederate States of America, the name the south gave their new country when they seceded from the USA. 23
42. 54 th Massachusetts Regiment An all Black Union army regiment that was enthusiastically supported by the abolitionist governor of Massachusetts. Following the passage of the Militia Act allowing blacks into Union forces. Would lead to more than 180,000 African Americans volunteers serving in the Union army. 24
43. Conscription Also known as the draft. Instituted to meet the need for fresh troops. Passed by the Union in 1863. Passed by the Confederacy in 1864. 25
44. Monitor & Merrimack Two Ironclad ships that did battle on march 9, 1862. Neither ship came out as a decisive victor, but this display of ironclad ship development would bring the end to wooden ships being used in warfare. 26
45. Appomattox Courthouse Village 3 miles east of Appomattox, VA Site of Lee s surrender of Confederate forces to Grant and the Union on April 9, 1865, thus officially ending the Civil War. 27