Active Shooter Conference LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSPECTIVE FEBRUARY 10. 2017 St. Petersburg College- Allstate Center Lawrence Hickman, MS-CJA Boston P.D. S.W.A.T.
AREAS OF DISCUSSION Defining Active Shooter Mitigating Factors Statistical Information Details of incidents Responses and Preparation Brigham & Women Hospital Shooting Boston Bombing Conclusion
DEFINITION The FBI defines an, Active Shooter, as one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area.
The active aspect of the definition inherently implies that both law enforcement personnel and citizens have the potential to affect the outcome of the event based upon their responses to the situation.
ACTIVE SHOOTER TRAINING / TACTICS Thousands of first responders have undertaken active shooter training in recent years and, open source reporting suggests its positive impact.
MITIGATING FACTORS TIME INTELLIGENCE
RUN HIDE FIGHT VIDEO https://www.fbi.gov/video-repository/the_coming_storm/view
ACTIVE-SHOOTER STATISTICS The average active-shooter incident lasts 12 minutes. Thirty-seven percent last less than 5 minutes. 11 Overwhelmingly, the offender is a single shooter (98 percent), primarily male (97 percent). In 40 percent of the instances, they kill themselves. 12 In 10 percent of the cases, the shooter stops and walks away. In 20 percent of the cases, the shooter goes mobile, moving to another location. 14
ACTIVE-SHOOTER STATISTICS Forty-three percent of the time, the crime is over before police arrive. In 57 percent of the shootings, an officer arrives while the shooting is still underway. 15 The shooter often stops as soon as he hears or sees law enforcement, sometimes turning his anger or aggression on law enforcement. 16 Patrol officers are most likely responding alone or with a partner. When responding alone, 75 percent had to take action. 17 A third of those officers who enter the incident alone are shot by the intruder. 18
CITIZENS INVOLVEMENT In 6 incidents, citizens successfully acted to end the shootings. In 2 separate incidents, a citizen with a valid firearms permit exchanged gunfire with the shooter before the shooters were restrained and taken into custody by law enforcement. In 2 incidents, citizens physically restrained the shooters until law enforcement arrived, one with the aid of pepper spray. In 2 incidents, students were confronted by teachers; the 12-year-old middle school student placed his gun on the floor when ordered to do so, and the 15-year-old high school student committed suicide at the scene. In another incident, a citizen with a valid firearms permit pursued shooters inside a store, but was shot and killed before he fired his weapon.
MINDSET TRAINED RESPONSE UNTRAINED RESPONSE STARTLED & FEARFUL https://leb.fbi.gov/2011/january/workplace-violence-prevention-readiness-and-response/view
HOW WILL YOU RESPOND? UNTRAINED RESPONSE PANIC DISBELIEF DENIAL HELPLESSNESS https://leb.fbi.gov/2011/january/workplace-violence-prevention-readiness-and-response/view
HOW WILL YOU RESPOND? TRAINED RESPONSE ANXIOUS RECALL PREPARE COMMITTED TO ACT https://leb.fbi.gov/2011/january/workplace-violence-prevention-readiness-and-response/view
PREPARE FOR AN ACTIVE SHOOTER INCIDENT Conduct an assessment Identify evacuation routes Identify hide in place areas Establish an access control system. https://leb.fbi.gov/2011/january/workplace-violence-prevention-readiness-and-response/view
CONDUCT ACTIVE SHOOTER DRILLS Facility-wide Communication System Train staff to work with law enforcement Keep it simple Practice https://leb.fbi.gov/2011/january/workplace-violence-prevention-readiness-and-response/view
BOSTON BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL SHOOTING 2015
THE VICTIM:
THE SHOOTER:
THE SHOOTER:
THE TRAGEDY
BOSTON MARATHON BOMBING:
BOSTON MANHUNT: SEARCH CONTINUES AS RESIDENTS REMAIN ON LOCKDOWN SWAT teams enter a suburban neighborhood to search an apartment for the remaining suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings in Watertown, Massachusetts April 19, 2013. (Reuters / Jessica Rinaldi) / Reuters
QUESTIONS???
REFERENCES Kelly, Raymond W. Active Shooter Recommendations And Analysis For Risk Mitigation, 2012 Edition. New York Police Department Federal Emergency Management Agency. Active Shooter: What You Can Do: Instructor Guide, March 2012 International Association For Healthcare Security And Safety. Security Design Guidelines For Healthcare Practices. 2011. Active Shooter Awareness Guidance, September 2016 Cal OES Law Enforcement Division. www.caloes.ca.gov. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, Active Shooter and Mass Causality Incidents. http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cirg/active-shooter-and-mass-casualtyincidents. Denis S. Mileti, Public Response to Disaster Warning. University of Colorado at Boulder. Available at: http://swfound.org/media/82620/public%20response%20to%20disaster%20warnings%20-%20dennis%20s.%20mileti.pdf U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Department of Education, and Federal Bureau of Investigation, Campus Attacks: Targeted Violence Affecting Institutions of Higher Education. Washington, DC: Author, 2010. Available at http://rems.ed.gov/docs/campusattacks_201004.pdf.