For further information: Carol Courter / Release #5990. Online Job Ads Increased 229,700 in December

News Release Follow The Conference Board For further information: Carol Courter 212-339-0232 / courter@conference-board.org Release #5990 For Immediate Release 10:00 AM ET, Wednesday, January 3, 2018 Online Job Ads Increased 229,700 in December Gains widespread across all regions and most States and MSAs Most occupations showed gains over the month NEW YORK, January 3, 2018 Online advertised vacancies increased 229,700 to 4,930,700 in December, according to The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine (HWOL) Data Series, released today. The November Supply/Demand rate stands at 1.41 unemployed for each advertised vacancy, with a total of 1.9 million more unemployed workers than the number of advertised vacancies. The number of unemployed was approximately 6.6 million in November. The Professional occupational category saw gains in Education, Training, and Library (56.0), Art, Design, Entertainment (13.3) and Management (12.5). The Services/Production occupational category saw gains in Transportation (49.2), Office and Admin (21.6), and Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance (14.0). NOTE: Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. 1

REGIONAL AND STATE HIGHLIGHTS Among the largest States, all 20 increased Among the 50 States, 48 increased, 1 declined, and 1 was constant Table A: State Labor Demand, Selected States, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Supply/ Total Ads 1 Change Demand Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 Nov-17 United States 4,930.7 229.7 1.41 NORTHEAST 957.3 52.5 1.65 Massachusetts 143.8 7.0 0.95 New Jersey 158.7 7.2 1.52 New York 298.2 13.8 1.62 Pennsylvania 207.3 4.3 1.46 SOUTH 1,592.4 66.6 1.96 Florida 265.2 10.6 1.45 Georgia 153.4 5.2 1.49 Maryland 96.7 2.5 1.34 North Carolina 139.5 5.6 1.59 Texas 343.8 19.3 1.58 Virginia 146.9 6.6 1.13 MIDWEST 1,121.6 58.6 1.56 Illinois 202.3 15.5 1.68 Michigan 165.5 10.5 1.44 Minnesota 140.4 6.8 0.72 Missouri 94.0 5.4 1.16 Ohio 170.0 4.5 1.69 Wisconsin 105.9 4.8 1.01 WEST 1,222.3 70.0 1.84 Arizona 95.5 4.3 1.58 California 564.5 27.8 1.65 Colorado 129.5 10.7 0.73 Washington 145.0 4.1 1.19 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. The release schedule, national historic table and technical notes to this series are available on The Conference Board website, http://www.conference-board.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. The historical series for the States and the 52 largest MSAs is available from Haver Analytics. The underlying data for The Conference Board HWOL is collected by Wanted Analytics, a CEB Company. 2

December Changes for States In December, online labor demand grew in 48 States, declined in 1 State, and was constant in 1 State. All four regions experienced increases. The Northeast increased 52,500 in December (Table A). New York increased 13,800 to 298,200. New Jersey increased 7,200 to 158,700. Massachusetts increased 7,000 to 143,800. Pennsylvania increased 4,300 to 207,300. In the smaller States, Connecticut increased 9,700 to 75,500. New Hampshire increased 2,400 to 26,300 and Maine increased 2,700 to 20,100. Rhode Island increased 200 to 14,600 and Vermont grew 500 to 10,600 (Table 3). The West increased 70,000 in December. California increased 27,800 to 564,500 and Colorado increased 10,700 to 129,500. Washington increased 4,100 to 145,000. Arizona increased 4,300 to 95,500. Among the smaller States in the West, Oregon increased 5,300 to 78,700. Utah decreased 2,700 to 49,100. Nevada increased 1,700 to 44,100. Idaho grew 2,000 to 21,300 and New Mexico increased 500 to 25,000. Montana grew 2,100 to 21,600 and Hawaii increased 1,700 to 21,600. The Midwest experienced an increase of 58,600 in December. Illinois grew 15,500 to 202,300 and Michigan increased 10,500 to 165,500. Missouri increased 5,400 to 94,000 and Ohio increased 4,500 to 170,000. Minnesota increased 6,800 to 140,400 and Wisconsin increased 4,800 to 105,900. Among the smaller States in the region, Indiana increased 5,800 to 86,200 and Iowa increased 4,900 to 61,100. Nebraska grew 1,000 to 30,700 and South Dakota increased 1,300 to 14,500. Kansas increased 2,500 to 38,000. The South increased 66,600 in December. Among the larger States in the region, Texas increased 19,300 to 343,800. Florida increased 10,600 to 265,200. North Carolina increased 5,600 to 139,500. Georgia increased 5,200 to 153,400. Virginia grew 6,600 to 146,900. Maryland increased 2,500 to 96,700. Among the smaller States, Tennessee increased 3,100 to 80,100 and South Carolina increased 2,600 to 62,800. Alabama grew 1,500 to 50,600. Kentucky increased 3,300 to 45,500 and Oklahoma increased 2,200 to 37,900. Louisiana increased 1,700 to 40,800 and Delaware decreased 200 to 15,100. Supply/Demand Rates: Help Wanted OnLine calculates Supply/Demand rates for the 50 States (Table 4). The data are for November 2017, the latest month for which State unemployment figures are available. There were 9 States in which the number of advertised vacancies exceeded the number of unemployed: North Dakota (0.71), Hawaii (0.71), Minnesota (0.72), Colorado (0.73), New Hampshire (0.84), Iowa (0.87), Nebraska (0.91), Massachusetts (0.95), and Vermont (0.99). The States with the highest Supply/Demand rates were Louisiana (2.51), Mississippi (2.31), New Mexico (2.31) and Kentucky (2.31) which had more than two unemployed workers for every job opening. Please note that the Supply/Demand rate only provides a measure of relative tightness of the individual State labor markets and does not suggest that the occupations of the unemployed directly align with the occupations of the advertised vacancies. 3

METRO AREA HIGHLIGHTS In December, all of the 20 largest metro areas rose Among the 52 metro areas, 51 rose and 1 was constant (Table 5) Table B: MSA Labor Demand, Selected MSA's, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Total Ads 1 Change (Thousands) (Thousands) Supply/ Demand Rate 2 Location Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 Oct-17 United States 4,930.7 229.7 1.41 NORTHEAST 957.3 52.5 1.65 Boston, MA 111.1 5.0 0.88 New York, NY 305.1 9.7 1.66 Philadelphia, PA 99.5 2.6 1.52 SOUTH 1,592.4 66.6 1.96 Atlanta, GA 102.2 1.9 1.31 Baltimore, MD 52.4 1.4 1.20 Dallas, TX 111.4 3.2 1.14 Houston, TX 75.1 6.8 2.24 Miami, FL 71.7 3.0 1.92 Washington, DC 144.6 2.6 0.90 MIDWEST 1,121.6 58.6 1.56 Chicago, IL 159.9 10.5 1.76 Cleveland, OH 32.1 0.8 2.11 Detroit, MI 77.3 1.9 1.26 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 98.4 5.3 0.59 WEST 1,222.3 70.0 1.84 Denver, CO 74.7 4.1 0.65 Los Angeles, CA 169.6 6.9 1.76 Phoenix, AZ 67.7 2.4 1.37 San Diego, CA 51.7 1.0 1.21 San Francisco, CA 112.8 8.6 0.78 San Jose, CA 57.9 3.2 0.61 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 94.7 3.5 0.96 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4

Metro Area Changes In December, labor demand rose in 51 metro areas, and 1 remained constant. The MSAs with the largest changes in each of the regions were: Chicago (10,500) and Minneapolis-St. Paul (5,300) in the Midwest; San Francisco (8,600) and Los Angeles (6,900) in the West; Houston (6,800) and Austin (3,300) in the South; and New York (9,700) and Boston (5,000) in the Northeast (See Table B and Table 5). The West increased 70,000 in December. San Francisco increased 8,600 to 112,800. Los Angeles increased 6,900 to 169,600. Denver increased 4,100 to 74,700 and San Jose grew 3,200 to 57,900. Seattle-Tacoma grew 3,500 to 94,700 and Phoenix increased 2,400 to 67,700. Riverside increased 1,200 to 32,800. Portland grew 2,700 to 49,900. Sacramento increased 1,000 at 30,100 and Salt Lake City increased 1,400 to 26,500. Honolulu grew 1,700 to 15,400 and Las Vegas grew 1,000 to 28,300. The South increased 66,600 in December. Houston increased 6,800 to 75,100 and Austin increased 3,300 to 43,100. Miami increased 3,000 to 71,700 and Washington DC increased 2,600 to 144,600. Dallas grew 3,200 to 111,400 and Atlanta increased 1,900 to 102,200. Orlando increased 600 to 38,200. Charlotte increased 200 to 45,100. Tampa increased 800 to 44,400 and Baltimore increased 1,400 to 52,400. San Antonio grew 600 to 29,400. Nashville increased 2,100 to 35,200. New Orleans grew 1,200 to 16,700 and Birmingham increased 100 to 14,100. Louisville increased 1,200 to 17,300. The Northeast increased 52,500 in December. New York increased 9,700 to 305,100 and Philadelphia increased 2,600 to 99,500. Boston grew 5,000 to 111,100. Pittsburgh remained constant at 42,400. Providence increased 400 to 20,300. Buffalo increased 1,600 to 18,800. Hartford grew 2,800 to 28,700 and Rochester increased 1,200 to 15,600. The Midwest experienced an increase of 58,600 in December. Chicago increased 10,500 to 159,900 and Minneapolis-St. Paul increased 5,300 to 98,400. Detroit increased 1,900 to 77,300 and St. Louis grew 2,000 to 47,600. Indianapolis increased 2,500 to 33,200. Columbus increased 1,100 to 37,100 and Cincinnati increased 1,600 to 37,000. Kansas City increased 1,200 to 40,700 and Cleveland increased 800 to 32,100. Milwaukee increased 500 to 31,400. The number of postings does not, however, tell the entire story. A crucial factor is how many unemployed people are seeking jobs and how much competition there is for the jobs that are available. The Conference Board HWOL s Supply/Demand rate relates the number of unemployed workers to the number of advertised vacancies. Based on October s data (the latest available unemployment data for metro areas), 12 major metro areas saw more job openings than unemployed workers: Minneapolis-St. Paul (S/D rate of 0.59), San Jose (0.61), Honolulu (0.63), Denver (0.65), Nashville (0.74), Austin (0.78), San Francisco (0.78), Salt Lake City (0.83), Boston (0.88), Washington, DC (0.90), Seattle-Tacoma (0.96), and Milwaukee (0.97). (Table 6). Other favorable markets for job-seekers included Kansas City (1.06) and St. Louis (1.07). In contrast, unemployed workers face great competition for each advertised position in Riverside (over 3 unemployed for every opening) as well as Houston and Cleveland (over 2 unemployed for every opening). In 48 of the 52 metro areas, however, there are now fewer than 2 unemployed per advertised opening. (See Table 6 for complete metro area Supply/Demand rates.) 5

OCCUPATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS In December, eight of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases and two declined (Table C) Table C: U.S. Top Ten Demand Occupations and Pay Levels, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 2 SOC 1 Occupation Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 Nov-17 Nov-17 Wage 3 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 621.6 3.7 174.1 0.28 $38.06 43 Office and administrative support 506.1 21.6 704.9 1.45 $17.91 15 Computer and mathematical science 499.4-1.9 132.2 0.26 $42.25 41 Sales and related 445.1-2.3 685.8 1.53 $19.50 11 Management 401.7 12.5 320.5 0.82 $56.74 53 Transportation and material moving 393.8 49.2 622.9 1.81 $17.34 13 Business and financial operations 287.3 3.4 248.7 0.88 $36.09 35 Food preparation and serving related 244.4 11.9 526.2 2.26 $11.47 25 Education, training, and library 231.1 56.0 249.3 1.42 $26.21 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 199.1 11.3 208.6 1.11 $22.45 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 3. BLS Occupational Employment Statistics - May 2015 estimates. Average Hourly Occupational Changes for the Month of December In December, eight of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases and two declined. Education, training, and library ads increased 56,000 to 231,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.42, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening (see Table C and Table 7). Management ads increased 12,500 to 401,700. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.82, i.e. 1 advertised opening per unemployed job-seeker. Art, design, entertainment, sports, and media ads increased 13,300 to 116,400. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.17, i.e. 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening. Transportation ads increased 49,200 to 393,800. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.81, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seekers for every advertised available opening. Office and administration support ads increased 21,600 to 506,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.45, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seekers for every advertised available opening. Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ads increased 14,000 to 123,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 2.88, i.e. over 2 unemployed job-seekers for every advertised available opening. 6

PROGRAM NOTES HWOL 2017 Annual Revision With the February 2017 press release, the HWOL program has incorporated its annual revision, which helps ensure the accuracy and consistency of the HWOL time series. This year s annual revision includes updates to the job board coverage, a revision of the historical data from May 2005 forward, an update of the Metropolitan Statistical area definitions to 2015 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) county-based MSA definitions, and the annual update of the seasonal adjustment factors. Special Note Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. HWOL available on Haver Analytics Over 3,000 of the key HWOL press release time series are exclusively available on Haver Analytics. The available time series include the geographic and occupational series for levels and rates for both Total Ads and New Ads. In addition to the seasonally adjusted series, many of the unadjusted series are also available. The geographic detail includes: U.S., 9 Regions, 50 States, 52 MSAs (largest metro areas). The occupational detail includes: U.S. (2-digit SOC), States (1-digit SOC) and MSAs (1-digit SOC). For more information about the Help Wanted OnLine database delivered via Haver Analytics, please email sales@haver.com or navigate to http://www.haver.com/contact.html. For HWOL data for detailed geographic areas and occupations not in the press release, please contact Jeanne.Shu@conference-board.org. The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine Data Series (HWOL) measures the number of new, first-time online jobs and jobs reposted from the previous month for over 16,000 Internet job boards, corporate boards and smaller job sites that serve niche markets and smaller geographic areas. Like The Conference Board s long-running Help Wanted Advertising Index of print ads (which was published for over 55 years and discontinued in July 2008), the HWOL series measures help wanted advertising, i.e. labor demand. The HWOL data series began in May 2005. With the September 2008 release, HWOL began providing seasonally adjusted data for the U.S., the nine Census regions and the 50 States. Seasonally adjusted data for occupations were provided beginning with the May 2009 release, and seasonally adjusted data for the 52 largest metropolitan areas began with the February 2012 release. People using this data are urged to review the information on the database and methodology available on The Conference Board website and contact us with questions and comments. Background information and technical notes and discussion of revisions to the series are available at: http://www.conferenceboard.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. Additional information on the Bureau of Labor Statistics data used in this release can be found on the BLS website, www.bls.gov. 7

The Conference Board The Conference Board is a global, independent business membership and research association working in the public interest. Our mission is unique: To provide the world s leading organizations with the practical knowledge they need to improve their performance and better serve society. The Conference Board is a non-advocacy, notfor-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States. WANTED Analytics, a CEB Company WANTED is a leading supplier of real-time business intelligence solutions for the talent marketplace. Using technology to gather data from corporate career sites and online job boards, WANTED builds products to help our users make better human capital decisions faster. Users of our products include corporate human resources departments, market analysts and employment services firms as well as the federal, state and local labor market analysts that use HWOL. For more information, please visit: www.wantedanalytics.com. HAVER ANALYTICS Haver Analytics is the premier provider of time series data for the Global Strategy and Research community. Haver Analytics was founded in 1978 as a consulting firm and today provides the highest quality data and software for industry professionals. Haver provides products and services to clients in financial services, government, academia and various industry groups from consulting to manufacturing. From more information please see: http://www.haver.com/contact.html. Publication Schedule, Help Wanted OnLine Data Series Data for the Month Release Date January 2018 January 31, 2018 February 2018 March 7, 2018 March 2018 April 4, 2018 April 2018 May 2, 2018 May 2018 May 30, 2018 June 2018 July 2, 2017 July 2018 August 1, 2018 August 2018 September 5, 2018 September 2018 October 3, 2018 October 2018 October 31, 2018 November 2018 December 5, 2018 8

Table 1: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 United States 4,915.9 4,700.9 4,930.7 229.7 2,165.3 1,824.2 2,057.4 233.3 New England 303.0 267.0 292.5 25.4 125.1 99.1 118.1 19.0 Middle Atlantic 655.3 637.8 664.8 27.0 289.5 247.1 272.1 25.0 South Atlantic 947.0 908.4 941.9 33.5 423.4 351.0 396.4 45.4 East North Central 683.6 691.1 726.3 35.1 289.1 253.3 288.5 35.2 East South Central 206.2 194.5 204.0 9.6 85.8 69.5 81.9 12.4 West North Central 406.9 371.9 395.3 23.4 169.0 135.7 162.5 26.8 West South Central 441.7 422.9 446.5 23.6 197.1 162.0 189.5 27.5 Mountain 403.0 369.1 394.9 25.8 186.4 149.3 174.5 25.2 Pacific 847.0 783.2 827.4 44.2 423.6 340.1 386.6 46.4 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. M-O-M Change (Thousands) 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 2: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads Rates, Seasonally Adjusted Location 2 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 United States 3.08 2.93 3.07 1.36 1.14 1.28 New England 3.88 3.38 3.70 1.60 1.26 1.50 Middle Atlantic 3.20 3.09 3.22 1.41 1.20 1.32 South Atlantic 3.03 2.86 2.97 1.35 1.11 1.25 East North Central 2.91 2.93 3.08 1.23 1.07 1.22 East South Central 2.39 2.23 2.34 0.99 0.80 0.94 West North Central 3.64 3.32 3.53 1.51 1.21 1.45 West South Central 2.37 2.25 2.38 1.06 0.86 1.01 Mountain 3.44 3.08 3.29 1.59 1.25 1.46 Pacific 3.26 2.97 3.14 1.63 1.29 1.47 1. Ads rates are calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ads rates represent the number of ads per 100 participants in the civilian labor force. 2. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total Ads Rate 1 New Ads Rate 1 (Percent) (Percent) 9

Table 3: State Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 United States 4,915.9 4,700.9 4,930.7 229.7 2,165.3 1,824.2 2,057.4 233.3 Alabama 50.7 49.1 50.6 1.5 20.4 16.3 18.4 2.1 Alaska 14.7 13.1 17.4 4.3 6.2 4.8 9.2 4.4 Arizona 98.9 91.2 95.5 4.3 46.0 37.7 41.7 4.0 Arkansas 28.0 25.5 25.5 0.0 11.5 9.1 9.7 0.6 California 572.0 536.7 564.5 27.8 289.6 231.0 259.3 28.3 Colorado 123.0 118.7 129.5 10.7 59.4 50.4 59.6 9.2 Connecticut 71.0 65.8 75.5 9.7 27.8 22.5 31.8 9.3 Delaware 16.6 15.2 15.1-0.2 6.8 5.3 5.7 0.4 Florida 257.9 254.6 265.2 10.6 132.1 111.5 127.8 16.3 Georgia 154.6 148.2 153.4 5.2 66.0 56.0 62.2 6.2 Hawaii 20.8 19.9 21.6 1.7 10.9 9.2 10.7 1.5 Idaho 24.5 19.3 21.3 2.0 12.1 8.0 9.6 1.7 Illinois 183.3 186.8 202.3 15.5 77.4 67.9 78.5 10.6 Indiana 79.2 80.4 86.2 5.8 30.7 27.4 31.4 4.0 Iowa 58.2 56.2 61.1 4.9 23.2 19.8 24.4 4.5 Kansas 40.7 35.5 38.0 2.5 16.3 12.5 14.0 1.5 Kentucky 45.6 42.2 45.5 3.3 17.6 14.8 18.1 3.2 Louisiana 45.3 39.1 40.8 1.7 20.5 14.0 16.0 2.1 Maine 24.5 17.4 20.1 2.7 9.0 6.3 8.9 2.6 Maryland 105.7 94.2 96.7 2.5 43.2 31.7 36.5 4.7 Massachusetts 148.2 136.7 143.8 7.0 64.4 51.5 57.5 6.0 Michigan 150.2 155.0 165.5 10.5 61.6 62.1 65.5 3.4 Minnesota 133.2 133.6 140.4 6.8 54.9 48.9 57.8 8.9 Mississippi 26.6 26.3 27.5 1.3 10.5 9.3 10.3 1.0 Missouri 107.4 88.6 94.0 5.4 47.3 34.5 41.2 6.7 Montana 19.8 19.5 21.6 2.1 8.9 7.5 10.0 2.5 Nebraska 32.3 29.7 30.7 1.0 13.0 11.1 12.4 1.2 Nevada 47.4 42.4 44.1 1.7 22.1 18.0 20.0 2.0 New Hampshire 27.5 23.9 26.3 2.4 11.8 9.4 10.6 1.2 New Jersey 153.0 151.6 158.7 7.2 67.1 59.2 64.3 5.0 New Mexico 26.9 24.5 25.0 0.5 11.0 8.7 9.6 0.9 New York 295.1 284.3 298.2 13.8 138.2 115.6 132.3 16.7 North Carolina 134.8 133.9 139.5 5.6 61.3 51.7 58.2 6.6 North Dakota 17.0 15.2 16.3 1.1 6.7 4.8 6.3 1.4 Ohio 171.2 165.5 170.0 4.5 74.4 62.0 69.9 8.0 Oklahoma 40.1 35.7 37.9 2.2 16.8 13.2 14.6 1.4 Oregon 77.4 73.4 78.7 5.3 42.8 36.9 42.4 5.5 Pennsylvania 206.6 203.0 207.3 4.3 87.3 73.1 78.8 5.7 Rhode Island 16.5 14.4 14.6 0.2 7.4 6.1 6.3 0.2 South Carolina 63.1 60.2 62.8 2.6 27.8 22.5 25.4 2.9 South Dakota 18.2 13.1 14.5 1.3 6.9 4.5 5.3 0.9 Tennessee 83.1 77.0 80.1 3.1 36.8 28.8 34.4 5.7 Texas 329.6 324.5 343.8 19.3 149.0 127.3 150.2 22.9 Utah 55.4 46.4 49.1 2.7 23.1 16.7 19.8 3.1 Vermont 13.9 10.1 10.6 0.5 6.0 4.1 4.5 0.4 Virginia 153.1 140.2 146.9 6.6 62.7 47.9 54.6 6.7 Washington 162.0 140.9 145.0 4.1 73.0 58.8 64.0 5.2 West Virginia 19.7 19.4 19.7 0.3 6.9 6.6 7.1 0.5 Wisconsin 103.3 101.1 105.9 4.8 43.5 36.3 41.5 5.2 Wyoming 7.4 8.4 9.2 0.8 2.9 2.8 3.7 0.9 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. M-O-M Change M-O-M Change 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 10

Table 4: State Labor Supply/Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads Rate 1 Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ (Percent) Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Nov-17 Nov-17 Nov-17 Nov-17 United States 3.08 2.93 3.07 4.1 6,610.00 4,700.9 1.41 Alabama 2.32 2.27 2.34 3.5 75.81 49.1 1.55 Alaska 4.09 3.62 4.80 7.2 26.16 13.1 1.99 Arizona 3.03 2.74 2.87 4.3 144.13 91.2 1.58 Arkansas 2.09 1.86 1.86 3.7 50.13 25.5 1.96 California 2.98 2.77 2.91 4.6 884.29 536.7 1.65 Colorado 4.23 3.91 4.27 2.9 86.95 118.7 0.73 Connecticut 3.76 3.46 3.97 4.6 86.99 65.8 1.32 Delaware 3.53 3.19 3.16 4.7 22.24 15.2 1.46 Florida 2.59 2.52 2.62 3.6 368.58 254.6 1.45 Georgia 3.10 2.91 3.01 4.3 221.45 148.2 1.49 Hawaii 3.01 2.90 3.16 2.0 14.02 19.9 0.71 Idaho 2.98 2.31 2.55 2.9 24.19 19.3 1.25 Illinois 2.82 2.90 3.14 4.9 313.77 186.8 1.68 Indiana 2.39 2.42 2.60 3.7 123.22 80.4 1.53 Iowa 3.44 3.33 3.62 2.9 49.13 56.2 0.87 Kansas 2.75 2.39 2.56 3.5 52.37 35.5 1.47 Kentucky 2.27 2.04 2.21 4.7 97.50 42.2 2.31 Louisiana 2.16 1.86 1.94 4.7 98.18 39.1 2.51 Maine 3.53 2.48 2.86 3.3 23.07 17.4 1.32 Maryland 3.32 2.90 2.98 3.9 126.33 94.2 1.34 Massachusetts 4.13 3.75 3.94 3.6 130.56 136.7 0.95 Michigan 3.09 3.18 3.40 4.6 223.81 155.0 1.44 Minnesota 4.44 4.34 4.56 3.1 96.67 133.6 0.72 Mississippi 2.07 2.06 2.16 4.8 60.78 26.3 2.31 Missouri 3.46 2.91 3.09 3.4 103.23 88.6 1.16 Montana 3.74 3.71 4.11 4.0 20.96 19.5 1.07 Nebraska 3.19 2.94 3.04 2.7 27.19 29.7 0.91 Nevada 3.30 2.90 3.01 5.0 73.36 42.4 1.73 New Hampshire 3.66 3.21 3.53 2.7 20.02 23.9 0.84 New Jersey 3.39 3.36 3.52 5.1 230.34 151.6 1.52 New Mexico 2.89 2.62 2.68 6.1 56.51 24.5 2.31 New York 3.10 2.93 3.07 4.7 460.32 284.3 1.62 North Carolina 2.74 2.70 2.82 4.3 213.44 133.9 1.59 North Dakota 4.08 3.63 3.90 2.6 10.77 15.2 0.71 Ohio 3.01 2.87 2.94 4.8 279.12 165.5 1.69 Oklahoma 2.20 1.94 2.06 4.2 77.18 35.7 2.16 Oregon 3.75 3.43 3.68 4.2 90.73 73.4 1.24 Pennsylvania 3.20 3.17 3.24 4.6 295.55 203.0 1.46 Rhode Island 2.99 2.59 2.63 4.3 24.00 14.4 1.67 South Carolina 2.74 2.59 2.70 4.0 92.74 60.2 1.54 South Dakota 4.02 2.86 3.15 3.5 16.09 13.1 1.23 Tennessee 2.62 2.39 2.48 3.1 98.42 77.0 1.28 Texas 2.47 2.41 2.55 3.8 512.12 324.5 1.58 Utah 3.62 2.94 3.11 3.2 50.31 46.4 1.08 Vermont 4.02 2.92 3.06 2.9 9.95 10.1 0.99 Virginia 3.59 3.24 3.39 3.7 159.13 140.2 1.13 Washington 4.41 3.73 3.84 4.5 168.16 140.9 1.19 West Virginia 2.52 2.49 2.53 5.3 41.51 19.4 2.14 Wisconsin 3.32 3.19 3.34 3.2 102.43 101.1 1.01 Wyoming 2.47 2.87 3.14 4.3 12.49 8.4 1.48 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ad rates represent the number of ads per 100 persons in the civilian labor force. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Statistics and Local Area Unemployment Statistics programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 11

Table 5: MSA Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 Birmingham, AL 15.5 14.0 14.1 0.1 6.1 4.7 4.9 0.3 Phoenix, AZ 70.0 65.3 67.7 2.4 35.1 28.4 31.5 3.2 Tucson, AZ 12.6 11.9 13.6 1.7 5.7 4.7 5.9 1.2 Los Angeles, CA 177.9 162.6 169.6 6.9 92.4 73.1 81.2 8.1 Riverside, CA 32.1 31.5 32.8 1.2 14.8 12.9 14.2 1.4 Sacramento, CA 29.9 29.2 30.1 1.0 16.3 13.6 14.5 0.9 San Diego, CA 51.4 50.7 51.7 1.0 27.9 23.8 25.4 1.7 San Francisco, CA 114.3 104.2 112.8 8.6 60.3 44.3 52.3 8.1 San Jose, CA 55.2 54.7 57.9 3.2 23.1 20.5 22.7 2.2 Denver, CO 73.8 70.7 74.7 4.1 36.5 30.7 35.6 4.9 Hartford, CT 28.6 25.9 28.7 2.8 11.2 8.8 11.9 3.1 Washington, DC 158.0 142.0 144.6 2.6 65.5 49.7 56.8 7.1 Jacksonville, FL 20.6 20.7 22.3 1.5 11.5 9.7 11.5 1.8 Miami, FL 70.5 68.7 71.7 3.0 38.0 30.9 36.2 5.2 Orlando, FL 35.6 37.6 38.2 0.6 18.9 15.4 17.4 2.0 Tampa, FL 49.8 43.6 44.4 0.8 24.2 19.3 21.5 2.3 Atlanta, GA 103.5 100.3 102.2 1.9 45.8 38.7 43.0 4.4 Honolulu, HI 15.1 13.7 15.4 1.7 8.5 6.7 8.4 1.6 Chicago, IL 142.8 149.4 159.9 10.5 62.3 55.1 63.3 8.2 Indianapolis, IN 30.7 30.7 33.2 2.5 12.9 11.0 12.9 1.9 Louisville, KY 17.9 16.1 17.3 1.2 7.4 5.7 7.3 1.6 New Orleans, LA 17.2 15.5 16.7 1.2 7.8 5.9 6.9 1.0 Baltimore, MD 54.7 50.9 52.4 1.4 22.7 18.0 20.6 2.5 Boston, MA 114.0 106.1 111.1 5.0 50.6 40.5 45.2 4.7 Detroit, MI 72.6 75.4 77.3 1.9 29.4 29.4 29.5 0.1 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 94.8 93.1 98.4 5.3 41.6 34.9 42.5 7.6 Kansas City, MO 44.8 39.5 40.7 1.2 20.3 15.1 16.7 1.6 St. Louis, MO 51.6 45.6 47.6 2.0 22.6 17.5 20.3 2.8 Las Vegas, NV 31.8 27.2 28.3 1.0 15.4 12.4 13.1 0.7 Buffalo, NY 17.0 17.2 18.8 1.6 7.7 7.1 8.1 1.0 New York, NY 301.7 295.5 305.1 9.7 140.8 121.5 131.9 10.5 Rochester, NY 14.7 14.4 15.6 1.2 6.6 5.5 6.5 0.9 Charlotte, NC 43.3 44.8 45.1 0.2 20.4 17.3 19.7 2.4 Cincinnati, OH 36.1 35.5 37.0 1.6 15.6 12.7 15.6 3.0 Cleveland, OH 32.5 31.3 32.1 0.8 13.9 11.8 12.9 1.1 Columbus, OH 36.6 35.9 37.1 1.1 17.3 15.2 16.6 1.4 Oklahoma City, OK 18.9 16.3 17.2 0.9 8.0 6.4 6.6 0.3 Portland, OR 49.3 47.1 49.9 2.7 27.4 23.4 26.4 3.0 Philadelphia, PA 102.7 96.9 99.5 2.6 43.5 36.0 39.3 3.4 Pittsburgh, PA 40.5 42.4 42.4 0.0 17.7 15.1 16.2 1.1 Providence, RI 23.3 19.9 20.3 0.4 10.9 8.5 9.1 0.5 Memphis, TN 16.0 15.1 15.2 0.1 6.8 5.7 6.3 0.6 Nashville, TN 35.2 33.1 35.2 2.1 17.0 12.2 15.9 3.7 Austin, TX 41.7 39.8 43.1 3.3 22.0 17.6 20.3 2.7 Dallas, TX 113.0 108.2 111.4 3.2 50.7 41.4 47.4 6.0 Houston, TX 62.0 68.4 75.1 6.8 28.7 28.6 35.6 7.0 San Antonio, TX 31.6 28.7 29.4 0.6 14.7 11.3 12.7 1.4 Salt Lake City, UT 30.4 25.1 26.5 1.4 12.9 9.2 10.9 1.8 Richmond, VA 21.0 20.9 21.1 0.2 9.7 8.3 8.7 0.4 Virginia Beach, VA 22.3 21.7 24.4 2.6 10.5 8.9 9.8 0.9 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 108.0 91.2 94.7 3.5 48.5 38.9 42.9 4.0 Milwaukee, WI 30.0 30.9 31.4 0.5 12.5 11.1 12.0 0.9 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Metropolitan areas use the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions. M-O-M Change (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) 12

Table 6: MSA Labor Supply /Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location 4 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Oct-17 Oct-17 Oct-17 Oct-17 Birmingham, AL 2.87 2.64 2.65 3.3 17.5 13.3 1.32 Phoenix, AZ 3.10 2.84 2.94 3.8 86.6 63.2 1.37 Tucson, AZ 2.66 2.51 2.87 4.0 19.0 10.7 1.78 Los Angeles, CA 2.67 2.40 2.51 4.2 283.8 160.8 1.76 Riverside, CA 1.60 1.56 1.62 4.8 97.4 31.1 3.13 Sacramento, CA 2.78 2.69 2.77 4.3 47.1 28.6 1.65 San Diego, CA 3.26 3.21 3.28 3.8 59.9 49.3 1.21 San Francisco, CA 4.46 4.04 4.38 3.2 82.2 105.5 0.78 San Jose, CA 5.20 5.14 5.44 3.1 33.1 54.4 0.61 Denver, CO 4.77 4.42 4.67 2.8 44.8 68.9 0.65 Hartford, CT 4.65 4.16 4.61 4.7 29.2 26.2 1.11 Washington, DC 4.73 4.17 4.25 3.7 126.2 140.3 0.90 Jacksonville, FL 2.78 2.75 2.95 3.4 25.5 19.4 1.32 Miami, FL 2.28 2.19 2.28 3.9 121.5 63.4 1.92 Orlando, FL 2.81 2.90 2.94 3.2 41.3 35.4 1.17 Tampa, FL 3.34 2.88 2.93 3.3 50.4 42.7 1.18 Atlanta, GA 3.48 3.29 3.35 4.1 126.1 96.0 1.31 Honolulu, HI 3.16 2.90 3.25 1.8 8.7 13.8 0.63 Chicago, IL 2.91 3.06 3.28 5.2 252.2 143.5 1.76 Indianapolis, IN 2.96 2.94 3.19 3.6 37.2 29.7 1.25 Louisville, KY 2.76 2.42 2.60 4.0 26.8 16.2 1.66 New Orleans, LA 2.89 2.62 2.82 4.3 25.7 14.5 1.77 Baltimore, MD 3.67 3.37 3.47 4.0 59.9 50.0 1.20 Boston, MA 4.30 3.93 4.12 3.4 92.5 105.2 0.88 Detroit, MI 3.48 3.61 3.70 3.9 82.1 65.1 1.26 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 4.89 4.67 4.94 2.8 56.0 94.1 0.59 Kansas City, MO 3.95 3.50 3.60 3.5 40.0 37.7 1.06 St. Louis, MO 3.49 3.14 3.27 3.3 47.6 44.5 1.07 Las Vegas, NV 3.02 2.53 2.62 5.2 55.8 26.7 2.09 Buffalo, NY 3.12 3.14 3.43 5.4 29.3 16.5 1.77 New York, NY 3.03 2.92 3.01 4.7 479.6 288.6 1.66 Rochester, NY 2.84 2.78 3.00 5.0 26.1 14.1 1.86 Charlotte, NC 3.33 3.41 3.43 4.0 52.0 42.0 1.24 Cincinnati, OH 3.32 3.19 3.33 4.3 47.7 35.7 1.34 Cleveland, OH 3.16 3.03 3.11 6.2 64.1 30.3 2.11 Columbus, OH 3.47 3.35 3.46 4.0 42.7 34.7 1.23 Oklahoma City, OK 2.84 2.42 2.55 3.7 25.1 15.2 1.65 Portland, OR 3.84 3.54 3.74 4.2 55.9 46.4 1.20 Philadelphia, PA 3.31 3.13 3.21 4.7 144.7 95.3 1.52 Pittsburgh, PA 3.33 3.53 3.53 4.7 56.1 40.4 1.39 Providence, RI 3.43 2.94 3.00 4.3 28.9 18.8 1.54 Memphis, TN 2.55 2.39 2.40 3.8 23.9 14.6 1.64 Nashville, TN 3.58 3.26 3.46 2.4 24.5 33.0 0.74 Austin, TX 3.71 3.51 3.79 2.7 30.4 39.1 0.78 Dallas, TX 3.03 2.86 2.95 3.2 119.7 104.9 1.14 Houston, TX 1.88 2.07 2.28 4.4 144.0 64.3 2.24 San Antonio, TX 2.76 2.48 2.53 3.0 34.8 27.8 1.25 Salt Lake City, UT 4.71 3.80 4.00 3.1 20.2 24.4 0.83 Richmond, VA 3.14 3.05 3.09 3.9 26.4 20.3 1.30 Virginia Beach, VA 2.67 2.60 2.91 4.2 35.0 20.3 1.73 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 5.28 4.38 4.55 4.1 85.9 89.2 0.96 Milwaukee, WI 3.63 3.71 3.77 3.6 30.2 31.1 0.97 Total Ads Rate 1 (Percent) 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPS and LAUS programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4. The Conference Board uses the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions for its data whereas the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses the OMB alternative NECTA (New England City and Town Areas) MSA definition. This will result in small comparison differences for some metropolitan areas in New England states. 13

Table 7: National Labor Supply/Labor Demand by Occupation 1, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed 4 Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 5 SOC 2 Occupation 3 Dec-16 Nov-17 Dec-17 Dec-Nov 17 Nov-17 Nov-17 Wage 6 Total 4,915.9 4,700.9 4,930.7 229.7 6,610.0 1.41 $23.86 11 Management 414.4 389.2 401.7 12.5 320.5 0.82 $56.74 13 Business and financial operations 283.6 284.0 287.3 3.4 248.7 0.88 $36.09 15 Computer and mathematical science 521.7 501.3 499.4-1.9 132.2 0.26 $42.25 17 Architecture and engineering 145.5 150.9 152.6 1.7 75.7 0.50 $40.53 19 Life, physical, and social science 62.9 65.2 67.9 2.7 9.6 0.15 $35.06 21 Community and social services 99.8 93.0 101.8 8.8 48.2 0.52 $22.69 23 Legal 23.6 22.3 24.5 2.2 40.8 1.83 $50.95 25 Education, training, and library 168.3 175.1 231.1 56.0 249.3 1.42 $26.21 27 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 107.9 103.1 116.4 13.3 121.2 1.17 $28.07 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 651.0 617.9 621.6 3.7 174.1 0.28 $38.06 31 Healthcare support 121.5 117.6 120.3 2.6 143.3 1.22 $14.65 33 Protective service 64.5 58.0 61.8 3.8 116.6 2.01 $22.03 35 Food preparation and serving related 242.0 232.5 244.4 11.9 526.2 2.26 $11.47 37 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 118.7 109.1 123.1 14.0 314.5 2.88 $13.47 39 Personal care and service 69.6 54.4 62.1 7.7 281.9 5.18 $12.74 41 Sales and related 480.5 447.3 445.1-2.3 685.8 1.53 $19.50 43 Office and administrative support 511.4 484.5 506.1 21.6 704.9 1.45 $17.91 45 Farming, fishing, and forestry 8.3 8.7 10.1 1.4 79.7 9.15 $13.37 47 Construction and extraction 133.6 112.0 127.2 15.1 562.0 5.02 $23.51 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 212.0 187.8 199.1 11.3 208.6 1.11 $22.45 51 Production 136.4 136.1 142.9 6.8 316.6 2.33 $17.88 53 Transportation and material moving 340.0 344.5 393.8 49.2 622.9 1.81 $17.34 1. All ads are coded to the 6-digit SOC level. 2. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 3. Occupational categories use the 2010 OMB Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC definitions). 4. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey and seasonally adjusted by The Conference Board. 5. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 6. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program's May 2015 estimates. (Thousands) Average Hourly 14

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Dec-17 Wage 2 Dec-17 Wage 2 Dec-17 Wage 2 United States 646,948 $46.28 1,704,878 $34.08 515,128 $13.62 Alabama 4,842 $43.14 16,926 $30.62 4,024 $11.50 Alaska 1,774 $45.62 8,376 $37.10 1,527 $16.87 Arizona 11,312 $40.48 32,942 $31.82 11,992 $13.48 Arkansas 2,789 $36.63 8,508 $27.17 2,132 $11.26 California 82,316 $51.12 194,131 $39.97 63,497 $15.76 Colorado 15,272 $46.41 41,716 $35.55 16,945 $13.98 Connecticut 11,300 $53.22 29,883 $31.59 5,573 $15.52 Delaware 2,835 $48.23 5,287 $35.92 961 $13.46 Florida 30,738 $42.10 80,154 $31.47 36,932 $13.21 Georgia 20,760 $44.86 53,641 $31.88 14,004 $11.85 Hawaii 2,467 $40.62 5,041 $32.45 4,510 $16.01 Idaho 1,950 $36.16 6,793 $27.91 2,346 $12.15 Illinois 31,013 $45.67 74,026 $33.64 18,718 $14.20 Indiana 8,639 $38.21 28,700 $29.59 8,939 $11.98 Iowa 6,113 $38.62 19,052 $28.99 6,398 $12.33 Kansas 4,241 $40.20 12,981 $28.69 3,546 $11.99 Kentucky 4,398 $37.96 14,781 $28.75 4,224 $11.70 Louisiana 4,280 $13.44 12,545 $28.21 4,606 $11.22 Maine 2,124 $38.50 7,524 $30.32 1,956 $12.90 Maryland 13,030 $49.12 40,938 $38.21 8,262 $14.58 Massachusetts 23,224 $52.66 53,856 $38.61 12,565 $16.19 Michigan 19,222 $43.45 58,490 $28.46 16,863 $12.80 Minnesota 16,883 $44.87 48,798 $33.60 16,631 $13.65 Mississippi 2,513 $35.34 8,318 $26.54 3,078 $11.02 Missouri 11,012 $41.60 32,724 $30.02 9,177 $12.08 Montana 1,541 $34.83 6,418 $27.20 2,790 $12.44 Nebraska 3,418 $39.43 9,258 $22.32 3,135 $12.73 Nevada 4,707 $41.28 12,641 $33.08 6,635 $14.07 New Hampshire 2,502 $46.62 9,436 $33.78 2,401 $13.86 New Jersey 25,388 $54.35 58,523 $37.07 13,635 $15.53 New Mexico 2,507 $38.01 10,973 $32.27 2,360 $12.18 New York 53,345 $57.43 100,842 $38.01 29,287 $15.72 North Carolina 17,908 $45.81 53,284 $31.55 11,959 $11.92 North Dakota 1,657 $39.34 5,521 $28.92 1,387 $13.92 Ohio 20,261 $41.52 54,929 $31.75 17,411 $12.65 Oklahoma 3,564 $38.99 12,650 $28.09 3,737 $7.11 Oregon 8,353 $42.39 23,432 $34.55 8,833 $14.29 Pennsylvania 27,121 $45.43 66,531 $32.34 21,623 $13.02 Rhode Island 1,981 $48.06 4,705 $35.24 1,377 $14.46 South Carolina 5,854 $38.65 21,011 $29.69 5,944 $11.66 South Dakota 1,687 $38.16 4,313 $26.84 1,507 $11.96 Tennessee 8,925 $39.54 25,309 $29.09 8,257 $11.83 Texas 43,344 $47.18 113,203 $33.41 35,948 $12.63 Utah 5,155 $38.58 14,970 $30.41 5,661 $12.37 Vermont 1,092 $39.52 3,677 $30.16 1,359 $14.84 Virginia 22,097 $49.34 64,940 $36.53 11,920 $13.61 Washington 19,045 $46.56 49,732 $37.48 15,421 $15.83 West Virginia 1,734 $35.61 7,183 $27.86 1,966 $11.66 Wisconsin 10,959 $40.18 31,508 $30.40 11,368 $12.53 Wyoming 962 $41.32 3,375 $28.97 786 $11.81 1. The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 15

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Dec-17 Wage 1 Dec-17 Wage 1 Dec-17 Wage 1 United States 873,375 $18.54 277,332 $22.60 476,054 $17.60 Alabama 9,215 $7.20 3,710 $20.52 7,297 $16.16 Alaska 2,264 $19.87 793 $30.72 707 $24.18 Arizona 18,662 $17.33 5,669 $20.63 7,122 $17.35 Arkansas 4,576 $15.52 1,449 $18.34 4,114 $15.74 California 103,471 $20.19 25,122 $23.82 39,105 $17.79 Colorado 21,959 $19.99 8,797 $22.54 9,914 $18.87 Connecticut 13,134 $21.28 3,129 $25.68 6,406 $19.26 Delaware 2,643 $18.22 747 $23.62 1,320 $16.51 Florida 53,802 $17.24 20,720 $19.19 19,424 $16.24 Georgia 25,033 $17.57 8,798 $20.36 16,380 $16.16 Hawaii 4,999 $18.02 1,228 $28.73 1,658 $20.85 Idaho 3,519 $16.19 1,275 $19.61 2,401 $16.84 Illinois 33,784 $18.96 7,828 $26.75 19,398 $17.78 Indiana 14,559 $17.04 4,890 $21.97 14,034 $17.17 Iowa 10,795 $16.86 4,301 $21.13 9,777 $16.99 Kansas 7,136 $17.10 2,056 $21.38 4,800 $17.82 Kentucky 8,448 $16.17 2,720 $21.08 8,237 $17.42 Louisiana 8,201 $15.47 3,111 $20.97 4,634 $19.29 Maine 3,637 $16.53 1,028 $20.46 1,985 $17.16 Maryland 14,574 $19.36 4,754 $23.63 7,154 $18.61 Massachusetts 24,508 $21.51 6,073 $27.63 11,054 $18.75 Michigan 30,325 $17.93 9,643 $22.63 17,903 $17.55 Minnesota 24,242 $19.60 7,120 $24.89 16,597 $18.35 Mississippi 4,959 $14.86 1,854 $19.10 4,545 $15.99 Missouri 16,413 $17.08 5,003 $22.63 10,678 $16.90 Montana 3,472 $16.25 1,670 $21.79 2,415 $18.18 Nebraska 5,592 $16.85 2,554 $20.61 3,644 $17.49 Nevada 8,669 $17.21 2,816 $23.82 3,845 $17.53 New Hampshire 5,002 $19.30 1,548 $23.00 2,813 $17.81 New Jersey 28,038 $20.18 6,857 $26.58 12,855 $17.92 New Mexico 3,729 $16.07 1,580 $20.14 1,995 $17.62 New York 54,424 $22.00 12,836 $27.50 18,826 $19.00 North Carolina 21,203 $17.70 8,547 $19.49 12,963 $15.86 North Dakota 2,675 $18.22 1,464 $25.33 2,156 $21.37 Ohio 31,634 $17.73 10,377 $22.08 23,027 $17.24 Oklahoma 6,761 $16.49 2,848 $20.66 5,039 $17.28 Oregon 12,979 $7.52 5,238 $22.91 8,572 $17.78 Pennsylvania 39,304 $18.33 11,352 $22.76 25,640 $17.69 Rhode Island 2,671 $20.03 774 $24.25 1,388 $17.56 South Carolina 10,878 $15.98 4,907 $19.61 7,423 $16.79 South Dakota 2,568 $16.11 1,012 $19.46 1,929 $15.84 Tennessee 15,635 $16.76 4,384 $20.21 10,553 $16.07 Texas 62,677 $18.56 23,606 $20.77 32,106 $18.21 Utah 9,945 $17.20 3,283 $21.19 5,679 $17.43 Vermont 1,705 $18.45 532 $21.58 1,107 $18.35 Virginia 20,657 $18.52 6,702 $21.83 8,526 $17.81 Washington 22,987 $19.98 8,012 $25.75 11,918 $20.68 West Virginia 3,387 $14.78 1,195 $20.51 2,583 $17.29 Wisconsin 19,561 $17.89 6,240 $23.08 17,309 $17.56 Wyoming 1,300 $17.23 888 $25.04 1,293 $22.47 1. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 16

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Dec-17 Wage 2* Dec-17 Wage 2* Dec-17 Wage 2* United States 646,948 $46.28 1,704,878 $34.08 515,128 $13.62 Birmingham, AL 1,490 $44.34 4,112 $32.77 1,305 $11.93 Phoenix, AZ 8,783 $41.61 21,011 $32.52 8,683 $13.40 Tucson, AZ 1,268 $37.52 5,472 $31.33 1,765 $13.43 Los Angeles, CA 25,899 $49.93 52,395 $39.29 20,367 $15.41 Riverside, CA 3,109 $42.62 9,223 $34.16 4,420 $14.71 Sacramento, CA 3,882 $42.97 9,011 $30.70 3,378 $15.52 San Diego, CA 6,365 $48.78 17,717 $37.05 6,571 $13.42 San Francisco, CA 22,309 $58.62 37,877 $44.78 11,343 $17.31 San Jose, CA 10,074 $65.33 28,472 $51.00 4,507 $16.68 Denver, CO 10,663 $48.18 23,454 $37.57 8,745 $14.03 Hartford, CT 4,621 $49.75 11,343 $36.81 1,973 $15.39 Washington, DC 27,088 $54.84 64,006 $42.70 11,979 $15.84 Jacksonville, FL 2,561 $41.29 6,235 $24.90 2,454 $12.90 Miami, FL 9,482 $45.04 19,538 $32.37 11,598 $13.73 Orlando, FL 4,602 $41.63 10,973 $31.75 5,432 $12.90 Tampa, FL 6,296 $41.78 13,696 $32.33 4,996 $13.01 Atlanta, GA 16,401 $47.32 35,856 $24.84 9,130 $12.17 Honolulu, HI 1,906 $41.44 3,265 $31.14 2,662 $15.50 Chicago, IL 26,571 $47.29 56,486 $34.93 15,645 $14.36 Indianapolis, IN 4,154 $39.80 10,510 $32.47 3,368 $12.41 Louisville, KY 1,801 $39.68 5,078 $30.58 1,706 $12.13 New Orleans, LA 1,797 $39.69 4,953 $30.35 2,654 $11.55 Baltimore, MD 6,887 $47.65 21,962 $37.02 4,453 $14.46 Boston, MA 19,845 $54.85 41,029 $39.62 9,465 $16.46 Detroit, MI 10,278 $46.36 28,384 $34.76 7,898 $12.88 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 13,693 $46.98 34,123 $35.41 11,422 $10.90 Kansas City, MO 4,905 $43.18 12,555 $30.99 4,561 $12.79 St. Louis, MO 6,381 $44.58 18,438 $30.96 4,534 $12.52 Las Vegas, NV 3,266 $41.28 8,109 $33.51 4,446 $14.37 Buffalo, NY 2,472 $43.09 5,139 $30.25 1,795 $13.80 New York, NY 59,739 $60.10 106,412 $40.04 28,232 $16.12 Rochester, NY 1,714 $46.10 5,194 $31.08 1,605 $14.09 Charlotte, NC 7,417 $47.74 15,952 $33.28 3,786 $12.24 Cincinnati, OH 4,858 $43.21 12,266 $32.54 3,769 $12.56 Cleveland, OH 4,477 $42.70 9,801 $32.36 3,402 $11.18 Columbus, OH 5,305 $42.21 11,811 $33.78 3,563 $13.27 Oklahoma City, OK 1,876 $39.77 5,648 $29.40 1,776 $12.46 Portland, OR 6,490 $45.18 14,058 $36.16 5,617 $14.70 Philadelphia, PA 16,558 $49.81 34,196 $35.17 9,495 $13.94 Pittsburgh, PA 5,889 $44.08 12,968 $31.72 4,725 $12.57 Providence, RI 2,440 $46.81 6,236 $30.43 1,843 $14.50 Memphis, TN 1,916 $40.33 4,346 $30.89 1,421 $12.20 Nashville, TN 4,512 $41.44 10,750 $30.65 4,173 $12.14 Austin, TX 5,769 $45.51 15,180 $34.03 4,739 $13.33 Dallas, TX 17,033 $48.38 35,596 $35.24 11,015 $13.09 Houston, TX 10,247 $52.45 24,394 $37.12 7,524 $12.85 San Antonio, TX 3,478 $43.12 9,398 $32.14 3,804 $12.32 Salt Lake City, UT 3,417 $40.90 8,366 $33.02 2,539 $12.78 Richmond, VA 2,979 $44.40 8,207 $32.54 1,651 $13.13 Virginia Beach, VA 2,866 $43.06 8,785 $32.37 2,328 $12.99 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 14,222 $49.08 32,373 $41.02 9,829 $16.48 Milwaukee, WI 4,127 $44.50 10,240 $32.54 3,301 $12.58 1.The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 17

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Dec-17 Wage 2* Dec-17 Wage 2* Dec-17 Wage 2* United States 873,375 $18.54 277,332 $22.60 476,054 $17.60 Birmingham, AL 3,057 $18.09 927 $21.64 1,742 $8.22 Phoenix, AZ 14,518 $17.87 3,979 $21.34 5,136 $17.59 Tucson, AZ 2,187 $16.21 785 $20.33 707 $16.18 Los Angeles, CA 34,466 $20.03 6,865 $25.46 11,065 $16.96 Riverside, CA 7,486 $17.82 1,963 $23.73 3,940 $17.11 Sacramento, CA 5,857 $19.31 1,764 $24.99 2,549 $17.76 San Diego, CA 9,677 $19.39 2,526 $24.93 2,844 $17.31 San Francisco, CA 18,732 $23.76 3,788 $30.51 6,402 $21.50 San Jose, CA 7,428 $25.09 1,439 $28.57 1,915 $19.52 Denver, CO 12,749 $21.13 4,680 $23.15 5,015 $19.56 Hartford, CT 4,746 $7.86 1,237 $25.51 2,505 $19.29 Washington, DC 18,566 $21.37 5,230 $24.55 5,203 $19.71 Jacksonville, FL 4,202 $17.74 1,878 $19.77 1,868 $17.47 Miami, FL 16,659 $18.15 4,512 $20.15 4,493 $16.86 Orlando, FL 7,603 $16.78 2,868 $19.25 2,670 $15.98 Tampa, FL 8,578 $17.62 3,217 $18.81 3,049 $15.61 Atlanta, GA 16,949 $18.95 5,209 $21.50 8,546 $16.69 Honolulu, HI 3,525 $18.20 877 $29.52 1,303 $21.81 Chicago, IL 27,461 $19.65 5,891 $27.99 13,332 $17.89 Indianapolis, IN 6,170 $18.63 2,032 $22.44 4,442 $16.72 Louisville, KY 3,505 $17.51 1,232 $21.90 2,784 $18.57 New Orleans, LA 3,179 $7.44 1,070 $21.08 1,217 $19.93 Baltimore, MD 7,795 $19.41 2,673 $23.46 3,910 $6.04 Boston, MA 19,285 $22.52 4,298 $28.56 7,342 $19.07 Detroit, MI 13,986 $18.90 4,072 $24.23 6,912 $18.83 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 17,877 $20.95 4,630 $26.34 9,657 $18.73 Kansas City, MO 7,773 $18.43 2,124 $23.43 4,753 $18.07 St. Louis, MO 8,235 $18.32 2,043 $11.29 3,814 $17.86 Las Vegas, NV 5,713 $17.11 1,517 $23.71 1,762 $17.44 Buffalo, NY 4,022 $18.10 1,161 $22.96 1,864 $17.80 New York, NY 54,726 $22.65 10,552 $28.92 16,323 $19.04 Rochester, NY 2,888 $18.70 932 $22.64 1,600 $17.50 Charlotte, NC 6,978 $19.55 2,407 $20.70 3,894 $17.06 Cincinnati, OH 7,314 $10.85 1,931 $22.29 4,391 $17.67 Cleveland, OH 6,303 $18.96 1,931 $23.40 3,579 $17.65 Columbus, OH 6,979 $18.24 2,249 $22.09 4,687 $16.95 Oklahoma City, OK 3,151 $17.49 1,381 $20.93 1,779 $16.76 Portland, OR 8,836 $19.38 2,941 $24.71 5,476 $18.62 Philadelphia, PA 19,000 $19.98 4,596 $25.58 8,216 $18.32 Pittsburgh, PA 8,954 $18.11 2,276 $22.69 4,521 $17.73 Providence, RI 3,912 $19.25 1,165 $24.23 2,024 $17.34 Memphis, TN 2,882 $17.32 866 $20.24 2,693 $15.95 Nashville, TN 7,015 $18.06 1,856 $21.21 3,587 $16.69 Austin, TX 7,135 $20.26 2,188 $19.66 2,358 $16.29 Dallas, TX 21,065 $19.87 5,888 $20.73 9,791 $18.10 Houston, TX 14,456 $19.74 5,411 $22.31 6,353 $20.09 San Antonio, TX 5,150 $17.59 2,102 $19.73 2,379 $16.53 Salt Lake City, UT 5,592 $7.30 1,522 $21.95 2,566 $17.72 Richmond, VA 3,431 $18.59 1,356 $21.73 1,543 $17.40 Virginia Beach, VA 4,231 $16.68 1,770 $21.31 1,758 $18.46 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 15,204 $21.19 4,673 $27.50 7,288 $22.01 Milwaukee, WI 5,643 $19.76 1,649 $24.77 4,000 $18.12 1. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 18

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