Gettysburg: Animated Map Worksheet Introduction: Where did the first major battle take place? Who were the Generals for each side? Who was the first hero and what side did he fight for? Manassas Junction Union: Irvin McDowell Confederate: Joseph Johnston, Stonewall Jackson First hero: Stonewall Jackson-Confederate. Describe the Peninsula Campaign and Jackson s Valley Campaign. McClellan launches assault on Richmond by sending an army up the Peninsula to join an army from Fredericksburg. McClellan makes it to Richmond but Lee takes command and drives him back. Stonewall Jackson leads his tiny army north in an effort to prevent McDowell s army from reinforcing McClellan at Richmond. Jackson soundly defeats three Union armies forcing McDowell to withdraw. Jackson then joins Lee in defeating McClellan on the Peninsula. Describe the Battle of Second Manassas and Battle of Antietam. Robert E. Lee leads his army north in an attempt to destroy Pope s isolated army before McClellan s army can return from the Peninsula. The confederate army defeats the union army again forcing it to withdraw to Washington. Robert E. Lee decides to take the war into northern territory and launches an invasion of Maryland. But McClellan obtains a copy of Lee s plans and cuts Lee off. The two armies bloody each other horribly. Lee withdraws his wounded army to Virginia. Who won the Battle of Fredericksburg? Who won The Battle of Chancellorsville? Confederate/ Union The Campaign:
Describe Lee s Plan. If he can move around the right flank of the Union army, Hooker will pull back and protect Washington. Lee will maintain a strong presence at Fredericksburg as long as possible while General Ewell leads his corps into Shenandoah Valley. General JEB Stuart s cavalry will blind the yankee army to Lee s Movement. How did Lee s Plan work out through the Battle of Brandy Station, Battle of Winchester, and the Battle of Aldie Gap? He continued to move up, never getting pushed back, all the way to the Blue Ridge Mountains. JEB Stuart s cavalry blinded the Union army like they were supposed to. Please Read Pennsylvania and Gettysburg before moving on. July 1: Who was the first to arrive at Gettysburg? What side was he on and how many troops did he have with him? Union General Buford was the first to arrive at Gettysburg; he had 2,950 troops with him. Who was the first general captured at Gettysburg? Confederate General Archer is captured by the Iron Brigade Describe the Attack that broke the Union s defenses forcing them to withdraw to Seminary Ridge. Rodes sends two brigades against the Union lines and is repulsed. Early then attack the Union right with three brigades. The Union right quickly collapses. Heth s two brigades attack the Union left and Rodes attacks the Union center. Seeing their right flank collapse, the Union right and center withdraw mostly in good order to Seminary Ridge. July 2: Describe what Union General Dan Sickles did against orders. Union General Dan Sickles decides-against orders- to move his entire III Corps out ahead of the rest of the Union line. He creates a vulnerable salient which he does not have enough men to properly defend. The Union generals watch in amazement as the III Corps (10,000 men) marches forward. Hood and McLaws position their divisions planning to assault the Union line in echelon starting from the Union left. On Little Round Top, how did Colonel Joshua Chamberlain attack the Confederate forces? Finally, out of ammo, Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, orders his 20 th Maine to make a bayonet charge which breaks the confederate assault.
What does legend say about General Wofford? Legend has it that confederate General Wofford was so upset by the order to withdraw that he even shook his pistol at Longstreet. Describe Ewell Attacks the Right Flank Lee turns to Ewell for an assault on the Union right flank. Meade has stripped his right flank to halt Longstreet s assault. The key position on Culp s Hill is held by a tired brigade from I Corp which fought hard on July 1 and a single brigade from Slocum s XII Corps under George Sears Greene. The Union troops on Culp s Hill have spent their time wisely building defensive breastwork. At 1900, three brigades from Johnson s Division storm the lightly held breastworks. Meade, recognizing the danger immediately orders a brigade from Cemetery Hill to support Greene. The Confederates take the breastworks on the far right flank but Greene s troops manage to hold until help arrives. At 2000, two brigades from Jubal Early s division storm Cemetery Hill from the northeast. They take part of the hill and capture a Union battery in fierce fighting but, in the darkness, hear Union troops massing against them. Without support, they are soon forced to withdraw. Rodes was to also attack with his division, but for still unclear reasons, by the time his division formed to attack, Early was already withdrawing from Cemetery Hill, and Rodes cancelled the attack. At the end of the day, the Union troops hold tenaciously to the key positions all around the battlefield. July 3: Describe The Pickett-Pettigrew-Trimble Charge. Over 12,500 Confederate soldiers step forward and the Union cannon open fire. The plan is for a single, powerful assault directed at one point of a Union line already devastated by the massive barrage. But the barrage was ineffective and Pickett s division has farther to march so there are two separate assaults. Union cannon fire kills and maims hundreds of the soldiers as they advance. Pettigrew s and Trimble divisions hit the Union lines first but make no impact and begin to fall back. Next Garnett and Kemper of Pickett s division hit and are devastated by cannon and rifle fire. Finally, Armistead s brigade hits the Union line. Armistead breaks through the Union line capturing cannon and Union soldiers, but he and the soldiers with him are soon to be killed, wounded, or captured. The remaining soldiers withdraw as best they can. Describe the retreat and How Lee and Imboden got away with his army Meade s army is victorious, but damaged. III Corps and I Corps have been demolished. XI Corps again as it did at Chancellorsville. Only the VI Corps has remained mostly intact. Meade is wary of Lee and will
follow slowly although hard pushed by Lincoln. Lee waits on July 4 th until he is convinced that Meade will not attack. He will have to use all his skills to allow his badly damaged army to escape. He sends the wounded out first with the wagon train and 2,100 troopers under Imboden at 1600 on July 4. Union troops at Harper s Ferry have destroyed Lee s pontoon bridge over the swollen Potomac River and Buford s cavalry attacks Imboden before he can cross. But Imboden s teamsters and Stuart s cavalry hold Buford s troops off. The rest of Lee s army arrives while a new bridge is being built and digs in. Heavy skirmishing occurs, but Meade s generals advise him not to attack. Lee s army slips away on July 13-14. Lee has escaped and Lincoln is very disappointed that Meade has not destroyed Lee s army. Describe the Costs of Each Side Confederacy: Half of the Confederates in the final charge are killed, wounded or captured. Only 2/3 of the men who began the campaign with Lee will return to Virginia. The Confederates have lost 27,125 irreplaceable men during the campaign. The Confederate officer corps is worst hit: Generals Barksdale, Semmes, Garnett, Armistead, Avery, Pender, Pettigrew, and Marshall are dead. Hood, Fry, Scales, Lowrance, Jones, Robertson, and Anderson are wounded. Kemper and Archer are captured. Union: Including Milroy s defeat at Winchester, Union losses were 30,100 casualties, but the Union can much more easily replace their fallen soldiers. Lincoln is deeply grieved by the news that Lee has escaped. We had only to stretch out our hands and they were ours. And nothing I could say or do could make the army move, Lincoln says. When Meade is chastised by Halleck, the Union army s general-in-chief, he offers his resignation. But Meade s resignation is not accepted as Hooker s was before Gettysburg. The Generals: Lee allowed Stuart to blind the army by riding off on a pointless circumnavigation of the Union army; he provided unclear direction to Ewell on July 1; and he did not listen to Longstreet when he repeatedly asked to cancel the assault on July 3 rd. After the war, Porter Alexander, Lee s key artillery commander, wrote: Never, never, never did Gen. Lee bollox up a fight he as he did this. General Meade, on the other hand, took over command of the union army at the last moment when Hooker resigned and still provided clear, decisive direction to his generals. He listened to his generals and may have avoided disaster when they advised him not to attack Lee s breastworks at Williamsport during retreat. And Meade stood firm against Lincoln s insistent prodding to cut Lee s retreat off at all costs. Meade was
always on the battlefield, closely watching, carefully and correctly moving units to the best position. Several of the other Union Generals made key contributions: Doubleday masterfully took command of I Corps when Reynolds was killed on July 1; Hancock took command on July 2; Gouverneur Warren s quick thinking saved Little Big Top; and Bufford held his ground.