Les Financements liés à la gestion La reponse des Catastrophes reponse aux Etats-Unis aux grandes catastrophes depuis 11 septembre William Schneider Baker-Ort Chair in International Healthcare Philanthropy Indiana University Center on Philanthropy (US) whschnei@iupui.edu edu La liberté é des ONG humanitaires au risque de leurs financements 8 juin 2007 Université Paris 8
Research and data prepared by Patrick Rooney, Ph.D., Director of Research and Professor of Economics & Philanthropic Studies Heidi Frederick, Assistant Director of Research Indiana University Center on Philanthropy (US) (for further information, www.philanthropy.iupui iupui.edu/research) La liberté é des ONG humanitaires au risque de leurs financements 8 juin 2007 Université Paris 8
Disaster Giving: Role of U.S. Source: Reuters 22 September 2005
Recent Major Disaster Relief Giving in U.S. ($ millions) Sources: 9/11 The Foundation Center September 11: The Philanthropic Response report, 05 Hurricanes - The Giving USA Foundation, Giving USA 2006 researched and written at the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University Tsunami The Center on Philanthropy using the Center on Philanthropy Panel Study (COPPS) 2005 preliminary data Pakistan The Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University
American Red Cross Donations to Domestic Disasters (in Millions) Source: Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University, American Red Cross, Chronicle of Philanthropy
American Red Cross Largest Donations to International Disasters (in Millions) Source: Associated Press and Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University
American Red Cross and Total Donations to Gulf Coast Hurricanes (in Millions) $2,000 $1,800 T ri angl es are $1,600 pro j ected, b ased o n $1,400 $1,200 strai ght-l i ne gro wth. $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 8/31 9/7 9/14 9/21 A m eri can R ed C ro ssdate 200 9/28 Source: Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University, American Red Cross 10/5 T o tal 10/12
Comparison of Giving for Gulf Coast Hurricane relief (Katrina & Rita), September 11th Relief, and Tsunami Relief (in Millions) Source: Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University, Chronicle of Philanthropy figures for 9/11
Environment/ Public-society animals benefit $8.86 $14.03 3.4% 5.4% Arts, culture, and humanities $13.51 5.2% Human services $25.36 9.7% 2005 CONTRIBUTIONS: $260.28 BILLION BY TYPE OF RECIPIENT ORGANIZATION ON Health $22.54 8.7% Source: Giving USA Foundation, Giving USA 2005 International affairs $6.39 2.5% Education $38.56 14.8% Foundations $21.70 8.3% Religion $93.18 35.8% Unallocated giving $16.15 6.2%
Giving USA 2006 Recipients of Disaster Relief Giving 2005 ($ in millions: estimated total = $7,365 million) Health $9.00 0% Education $10.42 0% Religion $430.81 6% Human Services- Hurricanes $2,700.17 36% Unknown/other $2,083.00 28% Human services- Int l aid $607.75 8% Int l- Int l aid $1,001.96 14% Foundations $51.26 1% Public-society benefit $262.82 4% Environment 29.27 0% Art $38.41 1% Int l- Hurricanes $140.29 2%
Organizations receiving most donations for Asian Tsunami relief efforts Amount as of 6/9/2005 not accepting more $ 13-Dec 23-Dec 8-Dec 23-Dec may 14 (number still out in december) 12/8/2005 not accepting more $ 23-Dec 8-Dec 9-Jun 13-Dec 5-Oct 8-Dec 23-Feb. 3/14/2005 not accepting more $ 23-Dec 23-Dec Organization American Red Cross Catholic Relief Services UNICEF (USA Fund) Save the Children World Vision (US) CARE (USA) AmeriCares United Methodist Committee on Relief Mercy Corps Oxfam America Habitat for Humanity International Salvation Army Lutheran World Relief Samaritan's Purse Doctors without Borders (US) American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Southern Baptists (International Mission Board) $ reported 568,000,000 160,306,764 137,000,000 136,000,000 68,000,000 58,600,000 45,000,000 41,500,000 33,000,000 30,000,000 29,041,489 26,675,303 23,400,000 23,000,000 20,000,000 18,500,000 16,000,000
Organizations receiving most donations for Asian Tsunami relief efforts Amount as of 2-Dec 23-Dec 23-Dec 18-Feb 14-Mar 9-Jun 14-Mar 14-Mar 23-Feb. 14-Mar 28-Mar 27-Jan 18-Jan 14-Mar 23-Dec 14-Mar Organization Direct Relief International Mennonite Central Committee Presbyterian Disaster Assistance Plan (USA) International Federation of Red Crosses International Rescue Committee Bush-Clinton Tsunami Fund (Greater Houston Community Foundation) American Jewish World Service Church World Service Christian Children's Fund United Jewish Communities World Concern American Friends Service Committee Islamic Relief USA MAP International Food for the Hungry Operation USA Give2Asia (Asia Foundation_ International Medical Corp $ reported 14,300,000 13,941,000 13,000,000 11,000,000 10,999,724 10,800,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6,600,000 6,500,000 6,500,000 5,300,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 3,700,000 3,650,000 3,500,000 3,500,000
Organizations receiving most donations for Asian Tsunami relief efforts Amount as of 23-Feb. 3-Feb 28-Mar 14-Jan 9-Jun 9-Jun 13-Apr 9-Jun 9-Jun 14-Jan Not accepting more 6-Jan 26-Jan 8-Dec Organization Catholic Medical Mission Board International Aid Christian Reformed World Relief Committee Episcopal Relief & Development ChevronTexaco Unitarian Universalists Service Committee American India Fund Baptist World Aid American Baptist Church Brother's Brother Foundation ICNA Relief Action Against Hunger Grameen Foundation (USA) Heifer International Glimmer of hope foundation Compassion International GiveWorld (also Give India) B'nai B'rith International India Development and Relief Fund $ reported 3,100,000 2,800,600 2,500,000 2,100,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,850,000 1,800,000 1,500,000 1,288,000 1,025,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 930,233 860,000 600,000
Organizations receiving most donations for Asian Tsunami relief efforts Amount as of 28-Apr 28-Mar 21-Jan 11-Jan 9-Jun 14-Mar 9-Jun 28-Mar 27-Jan 23-Feb. 28-Apr 28-Mar 10-Jan 12-Jan 23-Feb. 11-Jan Organization Breedlove Architecture for Humanity Adventist Development and Relief Agency AG Relief Humanity First, USA Lions Clubs Humane Society of the United States Association for India's Development IMAAM ARMDI, Israel Red Cross Benny Hinn Ministries Global Giving Acumen Asha for Education American Refugee Committee Levi Strauss Kiwanis International Air Serv International Northwest Medical Teams International $ reported 581,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 470,000 400,000 367,000 252,191 250,000 250,000 229,701 208,131 196,302 175,000 160,000 130,000 104,000 60,000
Organizations receiving most donations for Asian Tsunami relief efforts Amount as of 2-Dec 11-Jan 10-Jan 10-Jan 18-Jan 13-Jan 13-Jan 18-Feb 8-Dec 28-Mar 23-Feb. Organization Adopt a Doctor India Partners CHF International The Global Fund for Charities Convoy of Hope New Directions International World Harvest (Somebody Cares partner) Mission to the World Interchurch Medical Assistance Action Aid (USA) Occupational Knowledge World Neighbors Ashoka $ reported 50,000 43,700 30,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 16,000 15,000 12,000 9,953 2,320 1,855 1,330
Organizations receiving most donations for Asian Tsunami relief efforts (as of 23 dec. 2005) Organization Total amount reported (dollars plus in-kind) American Red Cross 568,000,000 Catholic Relief Services 160,306,764 UNICEF (USA Fund) 137,000,000 Save the Children 136,000,000 Brother's Brother Foundation 68,800,000 World Vision (US) 68,000,000 CARE (USA) 58,600,000 AmeriCares 45,000,000 Direct Relief International 42,960,530 United Methodist Committee on Relief 41,500,000 Mercy Corps 33,000,000 Art of Living Foundation in conjunction with International Association 33,000,000 for Human Values Oxfam America 30,000,000 Habitat for Humanity International 29,041,489 Salvation Army 26,675,303 Lutheran World Relief 24,434,812 Samaritan's Purse 23,000,000 Doctors without Borders (US) 20,000,000 Operation Blessing 19,200,000 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 18,500,000 Southern Baptists (International Mission Board) 16,000,000 Operation USA 15,150,000 Mennonite Central Committee 14,841,000 Presbyterian Disaster Assistance 13,000,000 International Aid 12,800,600 Islamic Relief USA 12,000,000 CitiHope International 12,000,000 1,678,810,498 Also in top 25 for Katrina relief Total reported: $1,874,949,705 Source: Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University
American Red Cross Asian Tsunami recovery program expenditures (as of 30 nov. 2006) Source: American Red Cross, Tsunami Recovery Program: 2 Year Report (2006)
September 11th Giving U.S. Private Contributions ($ in Millions) TOTAL ESTIMATE: $2.8 billion Data: The Foundation Center: September 11 The Philanthropic Response
Gulf Coast Hurricanes U.S. Private Contributions - Preliminary ($ in Millions) Foundations $110.0 2% Corporations & Corporate Foundations $936.0 18% Individuals $4,250.0 80% TOTAL ESTIMATE: $5.3 billion Preliminary data do not publish: Source, Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University; The Foundation Center: Snapshot of philanthropy s s response to the Gulf Coast Hurricanes; US Chamber of Commerce, From Relief to Recovery
ESTIMATES OF DISASTER CONTRIBUTIONS BY DONOR TYPE, 2005 ($ in billions)
Comparing Giving by Disasters Median Mean % of households that donated Katrina, Rita, & Wilma $26-$99 Unknown 47% Tsunami $50 $135* 25% 9/11 $50 $134 66% Sources: Katrina- The Conference Board, survey of 5,000 households Tsunami -Center on Philanthropy Panel Study 2005 preliminary data September 11 th Center on Philanthropy, America Gives 2001
How Tsunami Gifts Were Made (per cent)
Does disaster giving displace or crowd out giving to other subsectors? Most donations came from individuals. Several corporations have indicated that the large disaster relief gifts they made were unbudgeted in the past and remain unbudgeted in the future. Rather, the senior management team makes an extraordinary reallocation when deemed important. Most foundations do not give much for disaster relief, but those surveyed following 9/11 reported that these gifts were in addition to other giving and not instead of traditional priorities.
Conclusions Americans respond generously in total to large scale disasters. The amounts are large in the aggregate because of high participation, but relatively small amounts were donated from most households. Disaster giving is a small share of the total giving in any giving year even when the disasters are a large phenomenon. Disaster giving does not displace other giving.