Nuclear Security Regime in Indonesia Suharyanta Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) Counter Terrorism CBRNE An ASEAN Perspective Jakarta, 11 December 2013
Outline Introduction Scope of nuclear security regime Security-related regulation Physical protection system Security for radioactive material and radiation facility Nuclear or radioactive material out of regulatory control Coordination and cooperation Challenges
NATIONAL POLICY National policy on nuclear utilization: application of nuclear energy in Indonesia is allowed only for peaceful purposes; and any use of nuclear energy shall be controlled.
Introduction SAFETY ( Keselamatan ) -To prevent harmful effect of radiation to personnel, public and environment Regulatory aspect, Covere 3 aspects SECURITY ( Keamanan ) - To protect, detect and renpons any unlawful act and un-authorized removal and/or sabotage of Nuclear material, Radiaoactive substance and facilities. SAFEGUARDS -To prevent diversion activities ay nuclear material uses other than peaceful purposes.
Introduction Act No. 10/1997 on Nuclear energy, established function : - regulatory body is BAPETEN, and promotion body is BATAN. Regulatory body BAPETEN (Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency) as coordinator in nuclear security Competent authorities responsible for nuclear security Intelligence service agency Inland security agencies: Police department, Army, Counter-terrorism agency, Ministry of defense, etc. Coastal and marine security agencies: Coast guard, Navy, etc. Front line agency: custom.
Scope of Nuclear Security Regime Physical protection for nuclear material and nuclear facilities Security for radioactive materials and radiation facility Security for nuclear or radioactive materials out of regulatory control
Security-related Regulations (1) Act No. 10/1997 on Nuclear Energy GR No. 26/2002 on Radioactive Material Transport GR No. 27/2002 on Management of Radioactive Waste GR No. 43/2006 on Licensing of Nuclear Reactor GR No. 33/2007 on Safety of Ionizing Radiation and Security of Radioactive Material GR No. 29/2008 on Licensing on Ionizing Radiation Source and Nuclear Material GR No. 54/2012 on Safety and Security of Nuclear Installation
Security-related Regulations (2) Act No. 1/2012 on Ratification of CTBT Presidential Regulation No. 49/1986 on Ratification of CPPNM Presidential Regulation No. 46/2009 on Ratification of Amendment of CPPNM BCR No. 7/2007 on Security of Radioactive Material BCR No. 1/2009 on Provision of Physical Protection System In progress: ICSANT ratification and drafting a Comprehensive nuclear security act.
IMPORTANT FACTS (1/2) Indonesia has ratified treaty/ conventions, as follows: SAFETY : 1. Convention on Nuclear Safety. Ratified with PR No. 106/2001; 2. Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, ratified with PR No. 81/1993; 3. Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, ratified with PR No. 82/1993; 4. Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).Ratified with PR No.1 /2011. 5. Joint Convention on Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on The Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. Ratified with PR No. 84/2010; SECURITY : 1. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. Ratified with PR No. 49/1986; 2. Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. Ratified with PR No. 46/2009;
IMPORTANT FACTS (2/2) 3. Convention on the Prohibition the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction. Ratified with PR No. 58/1991; 4. The Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty (SEANFZ). Ratified with PR No. 9/1997; 5. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapon and on their Destruction. Ratified with Act No. 6/1998 6. International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings; Ratified with Act No. 5/2006. 7. International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism; Ratified with Act No. 6/2006. Under process of ratification: International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism SAFEGUARDS : 1. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Ratified with Act No 8/1978; 2. IAEA Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement in force 14 July 1980, and Additional Protocol to CSA : 29 September 1999;
Physical Protection System (1) Implemented for nuclear material and nuclear facilities (3 research reactors; 4 non-reactors installations) Based on design basis threat Graded approach Categorization of nuclear material in facility
Physical Protection System (2) Licensing Each phase of facility operation Requirements Evaluation Inspection Regular and random Development of work instruction for PP inspection Documents and field, incl. equipment performance testing
Security of Radioactive Material and Radiation Facility (1) Implemented for radioactive material and radiation facilities Based on prescriptive system on regulation Graded approach Categorization of radioactive material and radiation facility
Licensing Requirements Evaluation Inspection Security of Radioactive Material and Radiation Facility (2) Integrated with safety inspection Development of inspection form Documents and field, incl. equipment performance testing
Scope Illicit trafficking Orphan source Major public event Detection system Nuclear or Radioactive Materials Out of Regulatory Control (1) Radiation Portal Monitor under IAEA EU project Vehicle RPM Real time monitoring Online remote monitoring Development of strategic documents on RPM operation
Response system Nuclear or Radioactive Materials Out of Regulatory Control (2) Secondary inspection Mobile expert support team Reporting system ITDB Export control: INSW
Radiation Portal Monitor Status Belawan Batam Jakarta Surabaya 17 Semarang Makassar Bitung Existing = 4 Planned (near future) = 3
Environmental Monitoring System Purpose related to establishing an emergency preparedness in Indonesia. Installation Real-data Environment Monitoring system: All nuclear research reactors, Outer boundary of Indonesia (planned). To monitor any possible realese from all existing facilities, dirty bomb, trans-boundary release. Plan to cooperate with ASEAN countries under : ANSN-EPRTG, ASEANTOM, others.
Environtment Radiation Monitoring Program 2013 2015 2014 2014 2015 2013 2013 2013 2014 Real Data on-line Monitoring system Emergency Preparedness and Respons
Coordination and Cooperation National coordination Threat assessment Training and exercise Security personnel Front Line Officer Response team International cooperation IAEA Nuclear security summit
Challenges Dynamic characteristic of threat Promotion of nuclear security culture Enhancement of coordination amongst securityrelated authorities Plan to build center of excellence on nuclear security and emergency preparedness for national and regional part of contribution to enhance global security regime
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