For further information: Carol Courter / Release #5985. Online Job Ads Increased 137,100 in November

News Release Follow The Conference Board For further information: Carol Courter 212-339-0232 / courter@conference-board.org Release #5985 For Immediate Release 10:00 AM ET, Wednesday, December 6, 2017 Gains widespread across most States and MSAs No occupations showed losses over the month Online Job Ads Increased 137,100 in November NEW YORK, December 6, 2017 Online advertised vacancies increased 137,100 to 4,700,900 in November, according to The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine (HWOL) Data Series, released today. The October Supply/Demand rate stands at 1.43 unemployed for each advertised vacancy, with a total of 2.0 million more unemployed workers than the number of advertised vacancies. The number of unemployed was approximately 6.5 million in October. The Professional occupational category saw gains in Education, Training, and Library (15.9), Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (15.1), and Business and Financial (11.8). The Services/Production occupational category saw gains in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance (6.4) and Food Preparation and Serving (5.9). NOTE: Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. 1

REGIONAL AND STATE HIGHLIGHTS Among the largest States, 19 increased and 1 decreased Among the 50 States, 45 increased and 5 declined Table A: State Labor Demand, Selected States, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Supply/ Total Ads 1 Change Demand Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 Oct-17 United States 4,700.9 137.1 1.43 NORTHEAST 904.8 16.7 1.70 Massachusetts 136.7 1.7 1.00 New Jersey 151.6 3.5 1.49 New York 284.3 3.9 1.68 Pennsylvania 203.0 7.4 1.52 SOUTH 1,525.8 52.5 2.00 Florida 254.6 14.3 1.53 Georgia 148.2 6.5 1.55 Maryland 94.2 0.9 1.31 North Carolina 133.9 5.8 1.59 Texas 324.5 11.1 1.65 Virginia 140.2-0.2 1.12 MIDWEST 1,063.0 48.5 1.60 Illinois 186.8 7.2 1.77 Michigan 155.0 19.9 1.61 Minnesota 133.6 0.3 0.77 Missouri 88.6 2.7 1.23 Ohio 165.5 4.5 1.84 Wisconsin 101.1 2.5 1.09 WEST 1,152.3 15.4 1.90 Arizona 91.2 3.2 1.68 California 536.7 5.4 1.79 Colorado 118.7 2.1 0.70 Washington 140.9 2.0 1.23 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. The release schedule, national historic table and technical notes to this series are available on The Conference Board web site, http://www.conference-board.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. The historical series for the States and the 52 largest MSAs is available from Haver Analytics. The underlying data for The Conference Board HWOL is collected by Wanted Analytics, a CEB Company. 2

November Changes for States In November, online labor demand grew in 45 States and declined in 5 States. All four regions experienced increases. The Northeast increased 16,700 in November (Table A). Pennsylvania increased 7,400 to 203,000. New York increased 3,900 to 284,300. New Jersey increased 3,500 to 151,600. Massachusetts increased 1,700 to 136,700. In the smaller States, Connecticut decreased 300 to 65,800. New Hampshire increased 1,300 to 23,900 and Maine increased 1,200 to 17,400. Rhode Island increased 400 to 14,400 and Vermont grew 300 to 10,100. (Table 3). The West increased 15,400 in November. California increased 5,400 to 536,700 and Washington increased 2,000 to 140,900. Colorado increased 2,100 to 118,700. Arizona increased 3,200 to 91,200. Among the smaller States in the West, Oregon increased 2,200 to 73,400. Utah decreased 800 to 46,400. Nevada decreased 300 to 42,400. Idaho grew 800 to 19,300 and New Mexico increased 800 to 24,500. Montana grew 700 to 19,500 and Hawaii remained constant at 19,900. The Midwest experienced an increase of 48,500 in November. Illinois grew 7,200 to 186,800 and Michigan increased 19,900 to 155,000. Missouri increased 2,700 to 88,600 and Ohio increased 4,500 to 165,500. Minnesota increased 300 to 133,600 and Wisconsin increased 2,500 to 101,100. Among the smaller States in the region, Indiana increased 2,800 to 80,400 and Iowa increased 1,700 to 56,200. Nebraska grew 1,800 to 29,700 and South Dakota increased 1,400 to 13,100. Kansas increased 1,300 to 35,500. The South increased 52,500 in November. Among the larger States in the region, Florida increased 14,300 to 254,600. Texas increased 11,100 to 324,500. North Carolina increased 5,800 to 133,900. Georgia increased 6,500 to 148,200. Virginia fell 200 to 140,200. Maryland increased 900 to 94,200. Among the smaller States, Tennessee increased 1,900 to 77,000 and South Carolina increased 3,000 to 60,200. Alabama grew 1,900 to 49,100. Kentucky increased 1,500 to 42,200 and Oklahoma increased 1,700 to 35,700. Louisiana increased 1,000 to 39,100 and Delaware increased 700 to 15,200. Supply/Demand Rates: Help Wanted OnLine calculates Supply/Demand rates for the 50 States (Table 4). The data are for October 2017, the latest month for which State unemployment figures are available. There were 7 States in which the number of advertised vacancies exceeded the number of unemployed: North Dakota (0.69), Colorado (0.70), Hawaii (0.76), Minnesota (0.77), New Hampshire (0.89), Iowa (0.93), and Nebraska (0.97). The States with the highest Supply/Demand rates were Louisiana (2.63), Mississippi (2.54), and Kentucky (2.53) which had more than two unemployed workers for every job opening. Please note that the Supply/Demand rate only provides a measure of relative tightness of the individual State labor markets and does not suggest that the occupations of the unemployed directly align with the occupations of the advertised vacancies. 3

METRO AREA HIGHLIGHTS In November, 18 of the 20 largest metro areas rose and 2 declined Among the 52 metro areas, 45 rose, 6 declined, and 1 was constant (Table 5) Table B: MSA Labor Demand, Selected MSA's, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Total Ads 1 Change (Thousands) (Thousands) Supply/ Demand Rate 2 Location Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 Sep-17 United States 4,700.9 137.1 1.43 NORTHEAST 904.8 16.7 1.70 Boston, MA 106.1 0.9 0.90 New York, NY 295.5 6.8 1.72 Philadelphia, PA 96.9 1.6 1.60 SOUTH 1,525.8 52.5 2.00 Atlanta, GA 100.3 4.3 1.37 Baltimore, MD 50.9 0.9 1.17 Dallas, TX 108.2 3.3 1.27 Houston, TX 68.4 4.1 2.72 Miami, FL 68.7 5.4 2.09 Washington, DC 142.0 1.7 0.91 MIDWEST 1,063.0 48.5 1.60 Chicago, IL 149.4 5.9 1.82 Cleveland, OH 31.3 0.9 2.29 Detroit, MI 75.4 10.3 1.19 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 93.1-1.1 0.68 WEST 1,152.3 15.4 1.90 Denver, CO 70.7 1.7 0.58 Los Angeles, CA 162.6 1.8 1.98 Phoenix, AZ 65.3 2.1 1.43 San Diego, CA 50.7 1.4 1.40 San Francisco, CA 104.2-1.3 0.89 San Jose, CA 54.7 0.4 0.69 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 91.2 2.0 0.90 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4

Metro Area Changes In November, labor demand rose in 45 metro areas, declined in 6 metro areas, and 1 remained constant. The MSAs with the largest changes in each of the regions were: Detroit (10,300) and Chicago (5,900) in the Midwest; Phoenix (2,100) and Seattle-Tacoma (2,000) in the West; Miami (5,400) and Atlanta (4,300) in the South; and New York (6,800) and Pittsburgh (2,000) in the Northeast (See Table B and Table 5). The West increased 15,400 in November. Seattle-Tacoma grew 2,000 to 91,200 and Phoenix increased 2,100 to 65,300. Los Angeles increased 1,800 to 162,600. San Francisco decreased 1,300 to 104,200. Denver increased 1,700 to 70,700 and San Jose grew 400 to 54,700. Riverside increased 400 to 31,500. Portland grew 700 to 47,100. Sacramento increased 500 at 29,200 and Salt Lake City increased 700 to 25,100. Honolulu remained constant at 13,700 and Las Vegas grew 500 to 27,200. The South increased 52,500 in November. Miami increased 5,400 to 68,700 and Houston increased 4,100 to 68,400. Washington DC increased 1,700 to 142,000. Dallas grew 3,300 to 108,200 and Atlanta increased 4,300 to 100,300. Orlando increased 2,200 to 37,600. Charlotte increased 2,800 to 44,800. Tampa increased 900 to 43,600 and Birmingham increased 700 to 14,000. Baltimore increased 900 to 50,900. San Antonio grew 1,000 to 28,700. Nashville increased 100 to 33,100. New Orleans grew 1,000 to 15,500. Louisville decreased 100 to 16,100. The Northeast increased 16,700 in November. New York increased 6,800 to 295,500 and Philadelphia increased 1,600 to 96,900. Boston grew 900 to 106,100. Pittsburgh increased 2,000 to 42,400. Providence increased 1,200 to 19,900. Buffalo increased 600 to 17,200. Hartford fell 400 to 25,900 and Rochester increased 400 to 14,400. The Midwest experienced an increase of 48,500 in November. Chicago increased 5,900 to 149,400. Detroit increased 10,300 to 75,400. St. Louis grew 1,100 to 45,600 and Minneapolis-St. Paul decreased 1,100 to 93,100. Columbus increased 1,200 to 35,900 and Cincinnati decreased 200 to 35,500. Kansas City increased 1,800 to 39,500 and Cleveland increased 900 to 31,300. Milwaukee decreased 200 to 30,900. Indianapolis increased 1,000 to 30,700. The number of postings does not, however, tell the entire story. A crucial factor is how many unemployed people are seeking jobs and how much competition there is for the jobs that are available. The Conference Board HWOL s Supply/Demand rate relates the number of unemployed workers to the number of advertised vacancies. Based on September s data (the latest available unemployment data for metro areas), 11 major metro areas saw more job openings than unemployed workers: Denver (S/D rate of 0.58), Minneapolis-St. Paul (0.68), San Jose (0.69), Nashville (0.72), Honolulu (0.78), Salt Lake City (0.86), San Francisco (0.89), Seattle-Tacoma (0.90), Boston (0.90), Austin (0.90), and Washington, DC (0.91). (Table 6). Other favorable markets for job-seekers included Hartford (1.03) and Milwaukee (1.04). In contrast, unemployed workers face great competition for each advertised position in Riverside (over 3 unemployed for every opening) as well as Houston and Cleveland (over 2 unemployed for every opening). In 46 of the 52 metro areas, however, there are now fewer than 2 unemployed per advertised opening. (See Table 6 for complete metro area Supply/Demand rates.) 5

OCCUPATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS In November, 9 of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases and one was constant (Table C) Table C: U.S. Top Ten Demand Occupations and Pay Levels, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 2 SOC 1 Occupation Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 Oct-17 Oct-17 Wage 3 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 617.9 15.1 158.9 0.26 $38.06 15 Computer and mathematical science 501.3 10.6 107.3 0.22 $42.25 43 Office and administrative support 484.5 2.7 720.7 1.50 $17.91 41 Sales and related 447.3 0.0 692.2 1.55 $19.50 11 Management 389.2 8.9 303.0 0.80 $56.74 53 Transportation and material moving 344.5 3.8 550.9 1.62 $17.34 13 Business and financial operations 284.0 11.8 205.9 0.76 $36.09 35 Food preparation and serving related 232.5 5.9 509.5 2.25 $11.47 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 187.8 4.3 178.8 0.97 $22.45 25 Education, training, and library 175.1 15.9 179.3 1.13 $26.21 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 3. BLS Occupational Employment Statistics - May 2015 estimates. Average Hourly Occupational Changes for the Month of November In November, nine of the largest ten online occupational categories posted increases and one was constant. Education, training, and library ads increased 15,900 to 175,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.13, i.e. over 1 unemployed job-seeker for every advertised available opening (see Table C and Table 7). Healthcare practitioners and technical ads increased 15,100 to 617,900. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.26, i.e. over 3 advertised openings per unemployed job-seeker. Business and financial operations ads increased 11,800 to 284,000. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.76, i.e. over 1 advertised opening per unemployed job-seeker. Computer and mathematical science ads increased 10,600 to 501,300. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.22, i.e. over 4 job-seekers for every advertised available opening. Food preparation and serving related ads increased 5,900 to 232,500. The supply/demand rate lies at 2.25, i.e. over 2 advertised openings per unemployed job-seeker. Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ads increased 6,400 to 109,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 3.31, i.e. over 3 unemployed job-seekers for every advertised available opening. 6

PROGRAM NOTES HWOL 2017 Annual Revision With the February 2017 press release, the HWOL program has incorporated its annual revision, which helps ensure the accuracy and consistency of the HWOL time series. This year s annual revision includes updates to the job board coverage, a revision of the historical data from May 2005 forward, an update of the Metropolitan Statistical area definitions to 2015 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) county-based MSA definitions, and the annual update of the seasonal adjustment factors. Special Note Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. HWOL available on Haver Analytics Over 3,000 of the key HWOL press release time series are exclusively available on Haver Analytics. The available time series include the geographic and occupational series for levels and rates for both Total Ads and New Ads. In addition to the seasonally adjusted series, many of the unadjusted series are also available. The geographic detail includes: U.S., 9 Regions, 50 States, 52 MSAs (largest metro areas). The occupational detail includes: U.S. (2-digit SOC), States (1-digit SOC) and MSAs (1-digit SOC). For more information about the Help Wanted OnLine database delivered via Haver Analytics, please email sales@haver.com or navigate to http://www.haver.com/contact.html. For HWOL data for detailed geographic areas and occupations not in the press release, please contact Jeanne.Shu@conference-board.org. The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine Data Series (HWOL) measures the number of new, first-time online jobs and jobs reposted from the previous month for over 16,000 Internet job boards, corporate boards and smaller job sites that serve niche markets and smaller geographic areas. Like The Conference Board s long-running Help Wanted Advertising Index of print ads (which was published for over 55 years and discontinued in July 2008), the HWOL series measures help wanted advertising, i.e. labor demand. The HWOL data series began in May 2005. With the September 2008 release, HWOL began providing seasonally adjusted data for the U.S., the nine Census regions and the 50 States. Seasonally adjusted data for occupations were provided beginning with the May 2009 release, and seasonally adjusted data for the 52 largest metropolitan areas began with the February 2012 release. People using this data are urged to review the information on the database and methodology available on The Conference Board website and contact us with questions and comments. Background information and technical notes and discussion of revisions to the series are available at: http://www.conferenceboard.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. Additional information on the Bureau of Labor Statistics data used in this release can be found on the BLS website, www.bls.gov. 7

The Conference Board The Conference Board is a global, independent business membership and research association working in the public interest. Our mission is unique: To provide the world s leading organizations with the practical knowledge they need to improve their performance and better serve society. The Conference Board is a non-advocacy, notfor-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States. WANTED Analytics, a CEB Company WANTED is a leading supplier of real-time business intelligence solutions for the talent marketplace. Using technology to gather data from corporate career sites and online job boards, WANTED builds products to help our users make better human capital decisions faster. Users of our products include corporate human resources departments, market analysts and employment services firms as well as the federal, state and local labor market analysts that use HWOL. For more information, please visit: www.wantedanalytics.com. HAVER ANALYTICS Haver Analytics is the premier provider of time series data for the Global Strategy and Research community. Haver Analytics was founded in 1978 as a consulting firm and today provides the highest quality data and software for industry professionals. Haver provides products and services to clients in financial services, government, academia and various industry groups from consulting to manufacturing. From more information please see: http://www.haver.com/contact.html. Publication Schedule, Help Wanted OnLine Data Series Data for the Month Release Date November 2017 December 6, 2017 December 2017 January 3, 2018 January 2018 January 31, 2018 February 2018 March 7, 2018 March 2018 April 4, 2018 April 2018 May 2, 2018 May 2018 May 30, 2018 June 2018 July 2, 2017 July 2018 August 1, 2018 August 2018 September 5, 2018 September 2018 October 3, 2018 October 2018 October 31, 2018 November 2018 December 5, 2018 8

Table 1: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 United States 4,882.8 4,563.8 4,700.9 137.1 2,098.7 1,945.4 1,824.2-121.3 New England 290.7 263.6 267.0 3.5 118.6 105.2 99.1-6.0 Middle Atlantic 638.0 624.5 637.8 13.3 271.8 260.2 247.1-13.2 South Atlantic 933.2 872.1 908.4 36.3 399.7 376.1 351.0-25.1 East North Central 683.9 652.0 691.1 39.1 274.3 257.0 253.3-3.6 East South Central 204.5 187.5 194.5 7.0 83.1 72.5 69.5-3.0 West North Central 404.7 362.5 371.9 9.4 163.2 145.2 135.7-9.5 West South Central 441.3 413.7 422.9 9.2 188.7 176.0 162.0-14.1 Mountain 402.8 363.0 369.1 6.1 181.5 159.4 149.3-10.1 Pacific 833.2 773.9 783.2 9.3 404.2 366.8 340.1-26.6 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. M-O-M Change (Thousands) 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 2: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads Rates, Seasonally Adjusted Location 2 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 United States 3.06 2.85 2.93 1.32 1.21 1.14 New England 3.72 3.33 3.37 1.52 1.33 1.25 Middle Atlantic 3.11 3.02 3.09 1.33 1.26 1.20 South Atlantic 2.99 2.75 2.86 1.28 1.19 1.11 East North Central 2.91 2.76 2.93 1.17 1.09 1.07 East South Central 2.37 2.15 2.23 0.96 0.83 0.80 West North Central 3.62 3.23 3.32 1.46 1.30 1.21 West South Central 2.37 2.21 2.26 1.01 0.94 0.86 Mountain 3.44 3.04 3.09 1.55 1.33 1.25 Pacific 3.21 2.94 2.98 1.56 1.39 1.29 2. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total Ads Rate 1 New Ads Rate 1 (Percent) (Percent) 1. Ads rates are calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ads rates represent the number of ads per 100 participants in the civilian labor force. 9

Table 3: State Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 United States 4,882.8 4,563.8 4,700.9 137.1 2,098.7 1,945.4 1,824.2-121.3 Alabama 49.0 47.1 49.1 1.9 19.8 17.9 16.3-1.6 Alaska 14.1 13.3 13.1-0.1 6.0 6.1 4.8-1.3 Arizona 99.9 88.0 91.2 3.2 45.6 40.0 37.7-2.3 Arkansas 26.7 26.3 25.5-0.8 10.6 10.9 9.1-1.9 California 563.0 531.2 536.7 5.4 274.3 251.9 231.0-21.0 Colorado 124.9 116.6 118.7 2.1 58.4 53.8 50.4-3.5 Connecticut 68.2 66.1 65.8-0.3 25.5 24.1 22.5-1.6 Delaware 16.2 14.5 15.2 0.7 6.0 5.6 5.3-0.3 Florida 253.4 240.3 254.6 14.3 120.8 119.3 111.5-7.8 Georgia 152.9 141.7 148.2 6.5 63.4 59.0 56.0-3.0 Hawaii 20.8 19.9 19.9 0.0 10.9 10.2 9.2-0.9 Idaho 23.7 18.5 19.3 0.8 11.5 8.5 8.0-0.5 Illinois 179.4 179.6 186.8 7.2 71.6 69.9 67.9-2.1 Indiana 78.3 77.6 80.4 2.8 29.5 29.6 27.4-2.3 Iowa 58.4 54.5 56.2 1.7 23.5 21.1 19.8-1.3 Kansas 40.3 34.2 35.5 1.3 15.6 12.8 12.5-0.3 Kentucky 45.6 40.7 42.2 1.5 17.2 15.7 14.8-0.9 Louisiana 44.6 38.1 39.1 1.0 19.7 14.7 14.0-0.8 Maine 24.5 16.2 17.4 1.2 9.1 6.2 6.3 0.1 Maryland 105.1 93.3 94.2 0.9 41.1 35.0 31.7-3.2 Massachusetts 144.9 135.1 136.7 1.7 61.9 55.2 51.5-3.7 Michigan 149.9 135.1 155.0 19.9 62.0 53.4 62.1 8.7 Minnesota 132.6 133.4 133.6 0.3 53.9 54.1 48.9-5.2 Mississippi 27.0 24.6 26.3 1.6 10.7 8.6 9.3 0.8 Missouri 105.8 85.9 88.6 2.7 44.5 35.9 34.5-1.4 Montana 20.1 18.9 19.5 0.7 9.2 7.8 7.5-0.3 Nebraska 32.3 28.0 29.7 1.8 12.5 11.2 11.1-0.1 Nevada 46.7 42.8 42.4-0.3 21.2 18.7 18.0-0.7 New Hampshire 26.0 22.7 23.9 1.3 11.0 9.2 9.4 0.2 New Jersey 149.2 148.1 151.6 3.5 62.9 61.9 59.2-2.7 New Mexico 26.3 23.7 24.5 0.8 10.9 9.2 8.7-0.5 New York 287.0 280.4 284.3 3.9 129.5 122.0 115.6-6.4 North Carolina 133.2 128.1 133.9 5.8 59.2 53.9 51.7-2.3 North Dakota 17.6 14.9 15.2 0.3 7.1 5.5 4.8-0.7 Ohio 172.9 160.9 165.5 4.5 72.3 64.9 62.0-2.9 Oklahoma 39.3 34.0 35.7 1.7 16.0 13.4 13.2-0.2 Oregon 76.9 71.2 73.4 2.2 41.7 37.4 36.9-0.5 Pennsylvania 202.7 195.6 203.0 7.4 80.3 76.4 73.1-3.3 Rhode Island 15.8 14.0 14.4 0.4 7.1 6.3 6.1-0.2 South Carolina 61.3 57.2 60.2 3.0 26.3 23.7 22.5-1.2 South Dakota 18.1 11.7 13.1 1.4 6.6 4.4 4.5 0.1 Tennessee 82.9 75.1 77.0 1.9 35.0 30.4 28.8-1.6 Texas 332.4 313.4 324.5 11.1 144.0 137.1 127.3-9.8 Utah 55.2 45.6 46.4 0.8 22.4 17.7 16.7-1.0 Vermont 12.8 9.8 10.1 0.3 5.0 4.1 4.1 0.0 Virginia 149.9 140.5 140.2-0.2 59.0 53.2 47.9-5.2 Washington 159.5 138.8 140.9 2.0 72.0 61.5 58.8-2.7 West Virginia 20.1 18.8 19.4 0.6 8.2 6.9 6.6-0.4 Wisconsin 101.2 98.6 101.1 2.5 41.3 39.1 36.3-2.7 Wyoming 7.3 8.1 8.4 0.4 2.8 2.9 2.8-0.1 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. M-O-M Change M-O-M Change 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 10

Table 4: State Labor Supply/Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads Rate 1 Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ (Percent) Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Oct-17 Oct-17 Oct-17 Oct-17 United States 3.06 2.85 2.93 4.1 6,520.00 4,563.8 1.43 Alabama 2.24 2.19 2.27 3.6 77.36 47.1 1.64 Alaska 3.93 3.66 3.62 7.2 26.16 13.3 1.97 Arizona 3.07 2.65 2.75 4.5 147.95 88.0 1.68 Arkansas 2.00 1.91 1.85 3.6 49.31 26.3 1.88 California 2.94 2.74 2.77 4.9 952.15 531.2 1.79 Colorado 4.30 3.86 3.93 2.7 81.37 116.6 0.70 Connecticut 3.61 3.47 3.45 4.5 85.65 66.1 1.30 Delaware 3.45 3.04 3.19 4.8 22.73 14.5 1.56 Florida 2.55 2.38 2.52 3.6 368.52 240.3 1.53 Georgia 3.07 2.79 2.91 4.3 219.66 141.7 1.55 Hawaii 3.01 2.90 2.89 2.2 15.14 19.9 0.76 Idaho 2.89 2.24 2.33 2.9 23.62 18.5 1.27 Illinois 2.76 2.80 2.91 4.9 317.16 179.6 1.77 Indiana 2.36 2.33 2.41 3.9 128.73 77.6 1.66 Iowa 3.45 3.23 3.33 3.0 50.98 54.5 0.93 Kansas 2.72 2.30 2.39 3.6 53.86 34.2 1.57 Kentucky 2.27 1.97 2.04 5.0 102.84 40.7 2.53 Louisiana 2.12 1.83 1.88 4.8 100.28 38.1 2.63 Maine 3.52 2.31 2.48 3.5 24.98 16.2 1.54 Maryland 3.30 2.87 2.90 3.8 122.34 93.3 1.31 Massachusetts 4.04 3.69 3.74 3.7 134.80 135.1 1.00 Michigan 3.08 2.78 3.19 4.5 217.82 135.1 1.61 Minnesota 4.41 4.34 4.35 3.3 102.92 133.4 0.77 Mississippi 2.10 1.94 2.07 4.9 62.53 24.6 2.54 Missouri 3.41 2.82 2.90 3.5 105.48 85.9 1.23 Montana 3.80 3.59 3.71 3.9 20.39 18.9 1.08 Nebraska 3.20 2.77 2.94 2.7 27.04 28.0 0.97 Nevada 3.26 2.94 2.91 5.0 72.47 42.8 1.69 New Hampshire 3.46 3.03 3.20 2.7 20.13 22.7 0.89 New Jersey 3.31 3.28 3.35 4.9 220.87 148.1 1.49 New Mexico 2.84 2.54 2.63 6.1 57.13 23.7 2.41 New York 3.01 2.89 2.93 4.8 470.69 280.4 1.68 North Carolina 2.71 2.59 2.71 4.1 203.89 128.1 1.59 North Dakota 4.21 3.55 3.62 2.5 10.32 14.9 0.69 Ohio 3.04 2.79 2.87 5.1 295.95 160.9 1.84 Oklahoma 2.15 1.85 1.94 4.4 80.40 34.0 2.37 Oregon 3.72 3.34 3.44 4.3 92.35 71.2 1.30 Pennsylvania 3.14 3.06 3.17 4.7 297.85 195.6 1.52 Rhode Island 2.87 2.52 2.59 4.2 23.26 14.0 1.67 South Carolina 2.67 2.46 2.59 3.9 91.09 57.2 1.59 South Dakota 3.98 2.55 2.86 3.5 15.99 11.7 1.37 Tennessee 2.62 2.34 2.40 3.0 95.18 75.1 1.27 Texas 2.49 2.33 2.42 3.9 517.42 313.4 1.65 Utah 3.62 2.89 2.94 3.3 51.57 45.6 1.13 Vermont 3.70 2.83 2.92 2.9 10.01 9.8 1.02 Virginia 3.52 3.24 3.23 3.6 157.70 140.5 1.12 Washington 4.34 3.68 3.74 4.5 170.96 138.8 1.23 West Virginia 2.56 2.41 2.49 5.1 39.87 18.8 2.12 Wisconsin 3.25 3.12 3.20 3.4 107.94 98.6 1.09 Wyoming 2.43 2.74 2.87 4.2 12.22 8.1 1.52 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ad rates represent the number of ads per 100 persons in the civilian labor force. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Statistics and Local Area Unemployment Statistics programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. 11

Table 5: MSA Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 Birmingham, AL 14.6 13.3 14.0 0.7 5.8 5.0 4.7-0.4 Phoenix, AZ 70.5 63.2 65.3 2.1 33.2 29.8 28.4-1.5 Tucson, AZ 12.6 10.7 11.9 1.2 5.6 4.5 4.7 0.2 Los Angeles, CA 174.5 160.8 162.6 1.8 87.1 78.9 73.1-5.9 Riverside, CA 31.9 31.1 31.5 0.4 14.6 13.8 12.9-0.9 Sacramento, CA 29.9 28.6 29.2 0.5 15.5 14.3 13.6-0.8 San Diego, CA 50.9 49.3 50.7 1.4 26.6 25.0 23.8-1.2 San Francisco, CA 113.0 105.5 104.2-1.3 57.0 51.1 44.3-6.8 San Jose, CA 53.8 54.4 54.7 0.4 22.2 22.7 20.5-2.2 Denver, CO 75.8 68.9 70.7 1.7 35.7 32.4 30.7-1.7 Hartford, CT 27.5 26.2 25.9-0.4 10.2 9.2 8.8-0.4 Washington, DC 156.3 140.3 142.0 1.7 61.7 55.1 49.7-5.3 Jacksonville, FL 20.0 19.4 20.7 1.3 10.5 10.2 9.7-0.5 Miami, FL 69.5 63.4 68.7 5.4 33.7 33.4 30.9-2.5 Orlando, FL 34.8 35.4 37.6 2.2 16.4 17.0 15.4-1.6 Tampa, FL 48.0 42.7 43.6 0.9 22.3 21.3 19.3-2.0 Atlanta, GA 102.3 96.0 100.3 4.3 42.2 41.7 38.7-3.0 Honolulu, HI 15.0 13.8 13.7 0.0 8.5 7.4 6.7-0.7 Chicago, IL 140.5 143.5 149.4 5.9 56.3 57.1 55.1-2.1 Indianapolis, IN 30.5 29.7 30.7 1.0 11.7 11.9 11.0-0.9 Louisville, KY 17.6 16.2 16.1-0.1 6.9 6.7 5.7-1.0 New Orleans, LA 16.5 14.5 15.5 1.0 7.1 5.7 5.9 0.1 Baltimore, MD 54.4 50.0 50.9 0.9 21.7 19.5 18.0-1.4 Boston, MA 112.7 105.2 106.1 0.9 48.9 43.4 40.5-2.9 Detroit, MI 72.4 65.1 75.4 10.3 28.6 25.7 29.4 3.7 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 93.6 94.1 93.1-1.1 39.1 39.3 34.9-4.4 Kansas City, MO 43.9 37.7 39.5 1.8 18.6 15.7 15.1-0.6 St. Louis, MO 51.0 44.5 45.6 1.1 20.6 18.4 17.5-0.9 Las Vegas, NV 31.7 26.7 27.2 0.5 14.8 12.1 12.4 0.3 Buffalo, NY 15.9 16.5 17.2 0.6 6.8 7.1 7.1-0.1 New York, NY 295.1 288.6 295.5 6.8 132.5 126.7 121.5-5.2 Rochester, NY 14.3 14.1 14.4 0.4 6.2 5.6 5.5-0.1 Charlotte, NC 42.6 42.0 44.8 2.8 18.9 18.1 17.3-0.8 Cincinnati, OH 36.2 35.7 35.5-0.2 14.7 14.1 12.7-1.5 Cleveland, OH 32.4 30.3 31.3 0.9 13.2 12.3 11.8-0.5 Columbus, OH 37.0 34.7 35.9 1.2 16.9 15.1 15.2 0.1 Oklahoma City, OK 18.1 15.2 16.3 1.1 7.4 6.0 6.4 0.3 Portland, OR 49.4 46.4 47.1 0.7 26.9 24.4 23.4-0.9 Philadelphia, PA 100.7 95.3 96.9 1.6 40.4 38.4 36.0-2.5 Pittsburgh, PA 40.6 40.4 42.4 2.0 15.5 15.5 15.1-0.4 Providence, RI 22.5 18.8 19.9 1.2 10.2 8.4 8.5 0.2 Memphis, TN 15.9 14.6 15.1 0.5 6.2 5.8 5.7-0.1 Nashville, TN 34.7 33.0 33.1 0.1 14.9 13.6 12.2-1.4 Austin, TX 41.4 39.1 39.8 0.7 20.5 18.9 17.6-1.3 Dallas, TX 114.1 104.9 108.2 3.3 48.9 44.7 41.4-3.3 Houston, TX 63.5 64.3 68.4 4.1 27.2 30.2 28.6-1.6 San Antonio, TX 31.4 27.8 28.7 1.0 14.0 12.2 11.3-0.9 Salt Lake City, UT 30.2 24.4 25.1 0.7 12.3 9.7 9.2-0.5 Richmond, VA 20.1 20.3 20.9 0.5 8.9 8.6 8.3-0.3 Virginia Beach, VA 21.3 20.3 21.7 1.5 9.4 8.5 8.9 0.4 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 105.5 89.2 91.2 2.0 46.8 39.1 38.9-0.2 Milwaukee, WI 29.0 31.1 30.9-0.2 11.6 12.6 11.1-1.5 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Metropolitan areas use the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions. 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. M-O-M Change (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) 12

Table 6: MSA Labor Supply /Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location 4 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Sep-17 Sep-17 Sep-17 Sep-17 Birmingham, AL 2.71 2.49 2.62 3.3 17.4 13.0 1.34 Phoenix, AZ 3.13 2.74 2.83 3.8 88.4 61.6 1.43 Tucson, AZ 2.66 2.24 2.50 4.1 19.3 10.7 1.80 Los Angeles, CA 2.62 2.37 2.39 4.5 308.1 155.6 1.98 Riverside, CA 1.60 1.54 1.56 5.4 108.4 31.3 3.46 Sacramento, CA 2.77 2.63 2.68 4.8 51.9 27.2 1.91 San Diego, CA 3.23 3.11 3.20 4.2 66.3 47.3 1.40 San Francisco, CA 4.41 4.09 4.04 3.5 91.1 102.3 0.89 San Jose, CA 5.07 5.09 5.13 3.5 37.4 54.3 0.69 Denver, CO 4.89 4.29 4.40 2.5 39.5 67.6 0.58 Hartford, CT 4.47 4.22 4.16 4.3 26.7 25.8 1.03 Washington, DC 4.69 4.11 4.16 3.6 123.7 136.6 0.91 Jacksonville, FL 2.70 2.57 2.74 3.4 25.9 17.6 1.47 Miami, FL 2.26 2.01 2.18 3.8 119.7 57.1 2.09 Orlando, FL 2.75 2.71 2.88 3.2 41.8 32.0 1.31 Tampa, FL 3.23 2.80 2.86 3.3 50.5 39.5 1.28 Atlanta, GA 3.44 3.14 3.28 4.1 126.7 92.3 1.37 Honolulu, HI 3.13 2.89 2.88 2.2 10.3 13.3 0.78 Chicago, IL 2.86 2.94 3.07 5.1 249.2 136.7 1.82 Indianapolis, IN 2.94 2.80 2.90 3.8 40.1 29.1 1.38 Louisville, KY 2.73 2.42 2.41 4.1 27.4 15.9 1.72 New Orleans, LA 2.76 2.45 2.62 4.9 28.9 13.7 2.12 Baltimore, MD 3.66 3.30 3.36 3.8 58.0 49.4 1.17 Boston, MA 4.26 3.87 3.91 3.4 92.1 102.4 0.90 Detroit, MI 3.48 3.12 3.61 3.6 75.9 63.6 1.19 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 4.83 4.70 4.65 3.1 62.2 92.1 0.68 Kansas City, MO 3.88 3.31 3.48 3.7 41.7 35.9 1.16 St. Louis, MO 3.44 3.04 3.11 3.7 53.9 42.0 1.28 Las Vegas, NV 3.01 2.48 2.53 5.2 55.4 27.0 2.05 Buffalo, NY 2.92 3.01 3.13 5.3 29.3 15.8 1.85 New York, NY 2.95 2.84 2.91 4.8 483.6 281.1 1.72 Rochester, NY 2.75 2.71 2.78 5.0 25.8 14.1 1.83 Charlotte, NC 3.28 3.20 3.41 3.9 51.3 41.2 1.25 Cincinnati, OH 3.33 3.20 3.18 4.2 47.4 33.7 1.41 Cleveland, OH 3.15 2.93 3.02 6.4 66.1 28.9 2.29 Columbus, OH 3.51 3.22 3.33 4.0 42.7 33.6 1.27 Oklahoma City, OK 2.73 2.26 2.42 4.0 27.1 14.8 1.83 Portland, OR 3.85 3.49 3.54 4.3 56.7 44.9 1.26 Philadelphia, PA 3.25 3.07 3.12 4.8 148.8 92.8 1.60 Pittsburgh, PA 3.34 3.36 3.52 4.8 58.1 39.6 1.46 Providence, RI 3.31 2.76 2.94 4.1 27.7 18.8 1.48 Memphis, TN 2.53 2.30 2.38 3.7 23.5 14.4 1.63 Nashville, TN 3.53 3.24 3.25 2.3 23.4 32.7 0.72 Austin, TX 3.69 3.42 3.49 2.9 33.3 37.0 0.90 Dallas, TX 3.07 2.76 2.85 3.4 129.8 102.2 1.27 Houston, TX 1.93 1.94 2.06 4.8 158.3 58.3 2.72 San Antonio, TX 2.75 2.39 2.47 3.3 38.0 27.1 1.41 Salt Lake City, UT 4.70 3.69 3.79 3.2 21.0 24.3 0.86 Richmond, VA 3.01 2.95 3.03 3.8 26.1 20.2 1.29 Virginia Beach, VA 2.55 2.41 2.59 4.2 35.0 19.6 1.79 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 5.16 4.27 4.36 4.2 88.2 97.7 0.90 Milwaukee, WI 3.51 3.72 3.69 3.8 31.7 30.6 1.04 Total Ads Rate 1 (Percent) 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPS and LAUS programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4. The Conference Board uses the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions for its data whereas the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses the OMB alternative NECTA (New England City and Town Areas) MSA definition. This will result in small comparison differences for some metropolitan areas in New England states. 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. 13

Table 7: National Labor Supply/Labor Demand by Occupation 1, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed 4 Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 5 SOC 2 Occupation 3 Nov-16 Oct-17 Nov-17 Nov-Oct 17 Oct-17 Oct-17 Wage 6 Total 4,882.8 4,563.8 4,700.9 137.1 6,520.0 1.43 $23.86 11 Management 418.8 380.3 389.2 8.9 303.0 0.80 $56.74 13 Business and financial operations 286.2 272.2 284.0 11.8 205.9 0.76 $36.09 15 Computer and mathematical science 522.2 490.7 501.3 10.6 107.3 0.22 $42.25 17 Architecture and engineering 142.7 145.4 150.9 5.5 97.8 0.67 $40.53 19 Life, physical, and social science 59.3 62.6 65.2 2.6 44.6 0.71 $35.06 21 Community and social services 97.7 91.0 93.0 2.0 70.9 0.78 $22.69 23 Legal 22.4 21.6 22.3 0.7 34.0 1.58 $50.95 25 Education, training, and library 163.0 159.2 175.1 15.9 179.3 1.13 $26.21 27 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 105.7 93.6 103.1 9.5 154.9 1.65 $28.07 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 651.9 602.8 617.9 15.1 158.9 0.26 $38.06 31 Healthcare support 120.4 115.4 117.6 2.2 154.4 1.34 $14.65 33 Protective service 61.9 52.5 58.0 5.5 92.2 1.76 $22.03 35 Food preparation and serving related 249.0 226.6 232.5 5.9 509.5 2.25 $11.47 37 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 114.7 102.8 109.1 6.4 339.7 3.31 $13.47 39 Personal care and service 67.9 53.6 54.4 0.8 311.8 5.81 $12.74 41 Sales and related 479.2 447.4 447.3 0.0 692.2 1.55 $19.50 43 Office and administrative support 502.1 481.8 484.5 2.7 720.7 1.50 $17.91 45 Farming, fishing, and forestry 8.2 7.8 8.7 0.9 81.2 10.40 $13.37 47 Construction and extraction 126.9 108.8 112.0 3.2 567.6 5.22 $23.51 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 205.7 183.5 187.8 4.3 178.8 0.97 $22.45 51 Production 133.7 132.3 136.1 3.8 337.8 2.55 $17.88 53 Transportation and material moving 335.8 340.7 344.5 3.8 550.9 1.62 $17.34 1. All ads are coded to the 6-digit SOC level. 2. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 3. Occupational categories use the 2010 OMB Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC definitions). 4. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey and seasonally adjusted by The Conference Board. 5. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 6. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program's May 2015 estimates. 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. (Thousands) Average Hourly 14

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Nov-17 Wage 2 Nov-17 Wage 2 Nov-17 Wage 2 United States 681,533 $46.28 1,762,171 $34.08 565,871 $13.62 Alabama 5,106 $43.14 18,127 $30.62 4,566 $11.50 Alaska 1,348 $45.62 6,245 $37.10 1,554 $16.87 Arizona 11,846 $40.48 33,466 $31.82 12,776 $13.48 Arkansas 3,152 $36.63 9,542 $27.17 2,484 $11.26 California 87,584 $51.12 207,415 $39.97 69,715 $15.76 Colorado 15,883 $46.41 42,601 $35.55 18,670 $13.98 Connecticut 11,590 $53.22 27,416 $31.59 5,887 $15.52 Delaware 3,221 $48.23 5,965 $35.92 1,161 $13.46 Florida 32,892 $42.10 83,770 $31.47 40,393 $13.21 Georgia 22,097 $44.86 57,383 $31.88 15,439 $11.85 Hawaii 2,375 $40.62 5,223 $32.45 4,745 $16.01 Idaho 1,984 $36.16 6,850 $27.91 2,566 $12.15 Illinois 32,330 $45.67 72,097 $33.64 19,062 $14.20 Indiana 8,715 $38.21 29,022 $29.59 9,655 $11.98 Iowa 6,335 $38.62 18,503 $28.99 6,638 $12.33 Kansas 4,495 $40.20 13,353 $28.69 3,562 $11.99 Kentucky 4,418 $37.96 14,360 $28.75 4,562 $11.70 Louisiana 4,397 $13.44 13,011 $28.21 5,234 $11.22 Maine 1,708 $38.50 7,275 $30.32 2,180 $12.90 Maryland 13,988 $49.12 43,508 $38.21 9,114 $14.58 Massachusetts 24,082 $52.66 56,508 $38.61 14,684 $16.19 Michigan 19,761 $43.45 58,819 $28.46 18,917 $12.80 Minnesota 18,399 $44.87 49,246 $33.60 17,830 $13.65 Mississippi 2,558 $35.34 8,343 $26.54 3,348 $11.02 Missouri 11,547 $41.60 33,950 $30.02 10,424 $12.08 Montana 1,511 $34.83 6,448 $27.20 2,979 $12.44 Nebraska 3,810 $39.43 9,550 $22.32 3,549 $12.73 Nevada 5,126 $41.28 13,236 $33.08 7,060 $14.07 New Hampshire 2,443 $46.62 9,571 $33.78 2,649 $13.86 New Jersey 27,042 $54.35 59,823 $37.07 14,937 $15.53 New Mexico 2,745 $38.01 11,830 $32.27 2,476 $12.18 New York 57,121 $57.43 106,298 $38.01 32,912 $15.72 North Carolina 18,860 $45.81 55,589 $31.55 13,898 $11.92 North Dakota 1,665 $39.34 5,534 $28.92 1,408 $13.92 Ohio 21,389 $41.52 56,380 $31.75 19,059 $12.65 Oklahoma 3,698 $38.99 13,132 $28.09 3,941 $7.11 Oregon 8,457 $42.39 24,872 $34.55 10,077 $14.29 Pennsylvania 28,599 $45.43 70,781 $32.34 24,330 $13.02 Rhode Island 2,104 $48.06 5,215 $35.24 1,640 $14.46 South Carolina 6,039 $38.65 21,940 $29.69 6,887 $11.66 South Dakota 1,683 $38.16 4,335 $26.84 1,619 $11.96 Tennessee 9,632 $39.54 26,476 $29.09 9,171 $11.83 Texas 46,240 $47.18 114,014 $33.41 38,550 $12.63 Utah 5,451 $38.58 15,280 $30.41 6,280 $12.37 Vermont 1,070 $39.52 3,860 $30.16 1,562 $14.84 Virginia 23,303 $49.34 68,254 $36.53 13,392 $13.61 Washington 20,360 $46.56 53,593 $37.48 17,916 $15.83 West Virginia 1,808 $35.61 7,898 $27.86 2,165 $11.66 Wisconsin 11,652 $40.18 33,313 $30.40 12,569 $12.53 Wyoming 924 $41.32 3,338 $28.97 692 $11.81 1. The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. 15

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Nov-17 Wage 1 Nov-17 Wage 1 Nov-17 Wage 1 United States 987,199 $18.54 309,801 $22.60 505,304 $17.60 Alabama 10,353 $7.20 4,186 $20.52 7,984 $16.16 Alaska 2,255 $19.87 855 $30.72 755 $24.18 Arizona 20,479 $17.33 6,293 $20.63 7,494 $17.35 Arkansas 5,368 $15.52 1,631 $18.34 4,606 $15.74 California 118,148 $20.19 28,460 $23.82 41,564 $17.79 Colorado 24,290 $19.99 9,920 $22.54 10,530 $18.87 Connecticut 14,431 $21.28 3,181 $25.68 6,544 $19.26 Delaware 3,114 $18.22 905 $23.62 1,374 $16.51 Florida 59,991 $17.24 24,023 $19.19 20,888 $16.24 Georgia 28,477 $17.57 9,846 $20.36 17,506 $16.16 Hawaii 5,551 $18.02 1,273 $28.73 1,439 $20.85 Idaho 3,985 $16.19 1,479 $19.61 2,437 $16.84 Illinois 38,363 $18.96 8,684 $26.75 20,451 $17.78 Indiana 16,808 $17.04 5,381 $21.97 14,578 $17.17 Iowa 12,032 $16.86 4,835 $21.13 9,958 $16.99 Kansas 7,736 $17.10 2,269 $21.38 5,088 $17.82 Kentucky 9,239 $16.17 2,899 $21.08 8,794 $17.42 Louisiana 9,289 $15.47 3,572 $20.97 5,436 $19.29 Maine 3,527 $16.53 1,115 $20.46 1,975 $17.16 Maryland 16,764 $19.36 5,194 $23.63 7,309 $18.61 Massachusetts 27,529 $21.51 6,545 $27.63 11,417 $18.75 Michigan 35,011 $17.93 11,042 $22.63 18,907 $17.55 Minnesota 27,825 $19.60 8,220 $24.89 17,150 $18.35 Mississippi 5,718 $14.86 2,086 $19.10 4,897 $15.99 Missouri 18,041 $17.08 5,155 $22.63 10,909 $16.90 Montana 4,081 $16.25 1,839 $21.79 2,513 $18.18 Nebraska 6,700 $16.85 2,550 $20.61 3,791 $17.49 Nevada 9,702 $17.21 3,456 $23.82 4,154 $17.53 New Hampshire 5,788 $19.30 1,647 $23.00 3,083 $17.81 New Jersey 31,968 $20.18 7,467 $26.58 14,085 $17.92 New Mexico 4,252 $16.07 1,714 $20.14 2,238 $17.62 New York 62,315 $22.00 14,240 $27.50 20,678 $19.00 North Carolina 23,908 $17.70 9,528 $19.49 13,792 $15.86 North Dakota 3,015 $18.22 1,651 $25.33 2,400 $21.37 Ohio 36,017 $17.73 11,518 $22.08 24,631 $17.24 Oklahoma 7,508 $16.49 2,987 $20.66 5,437 $17.28 Oregon 14,990 $7.52 6,012 $22.91 8,860 $17.78 Pennsylvania 45,177 $18.33 12,952 $22.76 27,329 $17.69 Rhode Island 3,032 $20.03 914 $24.25 1,609 $17.56 South Carolina 12,080 $15.98 5,291 $19.61 7,983 $16.79 South Dakota 2,652 $16.11 1,136 $19.46 1,857 $15.84 Tennessee 17,375 $16.76 4,777 $20.21 11,383 $16.07 Texas 70,407 $18.56 26,111 $20.77 34,854 $18.21 Utah 11,106 $17.20 3,533 $21.19 5,844 $17.43 Vermont 1,942 $18.45 639 $21.58 1,298 $18.35 Virginia 23,578 $18.52 7,579 $21.83 9,423 $17.81 Washington 26,823 $19.98 9,224 $25.75 12,962 $20.68 West Virginia 3,864 $14.78 1,400 $20.51 2,712 $17.29 Wisconsin 22,373 $17.89 7,461 $23.08 18,034 $17.56 Wyoming 1,421 $17.23 940 $25.04 1,178 $22.47 1. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. 16

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Nov-17 Wage 2* Nov-17 Wage 2* Nov-17 Wage 2* United States 681,533 $46.28 1,762,171 $34.08 565,871 $13.62 Birmingham, AL 1,665 $44.34 4,465 $32.77 1,454 $11.93 Phoenix, AZ 9,324 $41.61 21,582 $32.52 9,133 $13.40 Tucson, AZ 1,199 $37.52 4,920 $31.33 1,862 $13.43 Los Angeles, CA 27,955 $49.93 56,552 $39.29 22,504 $15.41 Riverside, CA 3,429 $42.62 9,666 $34.16 4,956 $14.71 Sacramento, CA 4,090 $42.97 9,807 $30.70 3,798 $15.52 San Diego, CA 6,907 $48.78 19,113 $37.05 7,302 $13.42 San Francisco, CA 23,598 $58.62 39,904 $44.78 11,852 $17.31 San Jose, CA 10,560 $65.33 29,721 $51.00 4,769 $16.68 Denver, CO 11,185 $48.18 24,803 $37.57 10,018 $14.03 Hartford, CT 4,934 $49.75 10,816 $36.81 2,107 $15.39 Washington, DC 29,006 $54.84 69,082 $42.70 13,446 $15.84 Jacksonville, FL 2,667 $41.29 6,215 $24.90 2,724 $12.90 Miami, FL 10,112 $45.04 20,026 $32.37 12,248 $13.73 Orlando, FL 5,086 $41.63 11,884 $31.75 5,937 $12.90 Tampa, FL 6,843 $41.78 15,072 $32.33 5,686 $13.01 Atlanta, GA 17,811 $47.32 38,772 $24.84 10,021 $12.17 Honolulu, HI 1,804 $41.44 3,303 $31.14 2,868 $15.50 Chicago, IL 27,986 $47.29 55,221 $34.93 16,099 $14.36 Indianapolis, IN 4,245 $39.80 10,145 $32.47 3,542 $12.41 Louisville, KY 1,908 $39.68 4,958 $30.58 1,855 $12.13 New Orleans, LA 1,812 $39.69 4,903 $30.35 2,903 $11.55 Baltimore, MD 7,362 $47.65 23,190 $37.02 5,010 $14.46 Boston, MA 20,740 $54.85 43,456 $39.62 11,180 $16.46 Detroit, MI 10,932 $46.36 29,748 $34.76 8,976 $12.88 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 15,034 $46.98 33,979 $35.41 11,960 $10.90 Kansas City, MO 5,310 $43.18 13,168 $30.99 5,084 $12.79 St. Louis, MO 6,878 $44.58 19,115 $30.96 5,052 $12.52 Las Vegas, NV 3,572 $41.28 8,417 $33.51 4,725 $14.37 Buffalo, NY 2,576 $43.09 5,557 $30.25 2,027 $13.80 New York, NY 64,558 $60.10 111,401 $40.04 31,574 $16.12 Rochester, NY 1,804 $46.10 5,309 $31.08 1,643 $14.09 Charlotte, NC 8,022 $47.74 17,654 $33.28 4,471 $12.24 Cincinnati, OH 5,190 $43.21 12,244 $32.54 4,034 $12.56 Cleveland, OH 4,719 $42.70 9,900 $32.36 3,756 $11.18 Columbus, OH 5,545 $42.21 12,415 $33.78 3,845 $13.27 Oklahoma City, OK 1,948 $39.77 5,814 $29.40 1,816 $12.46 Portland, OR 6,501 $45.18 14,795 $36.16 6,520 $14.70 Philadelphia, PA 17,858 $49.81 36,093 $35.17 10,637 $13.94 Pittsburgh, PA 6,248 $44.08 14,089 $31.72 5,474 $12.57 Providence, RI 2,563 $46.81 6,795 $30.43 2,230 $14.50 Memphis, TN 2,104 $40.33 4,754 $30.89 1,575 $12.20 Nashville, TN 4,884 $41.44 11,024 $30.65 4,479 $12.14 Austin, TX 6,181 $45.51 15,675 $34.03 5,083 $13.33 Dallas, TX 18,525 $48.38 37,827 $35.24 11,957 $13.09 Houston, TX 10,742 $52.45 22,435 $37.12 7,727 $12.85 San Antonio, TX 3,759 $43.12 9,878 $32.14 4,277 $12.32 Salt Lake City, UT 3,625 $40.90 8,635 $33.02 2,787 $12.78 Richmond, VA 3,294 $44.40 8,865 $32.54 1,931 $13.13 Virginia Beach, VA 2,797 $43.06 8,769 $32.37 2,518 $12.99 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 15,123 $49.08 34,595 $41.02 11,184 $16.48 Milwaukee, WI 4,552 $44.50 10,852 $32.54 3,751 $12.58 1.The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. 17

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Nov-17 Wage 2* Nov-17 Wage 2* Nov-17 Wage 2* United States 987,199 $18.54 309,801 $22.60 505,304 $17.60 Birmingham, AL 3,510 $18.09 1,064 $21.64 1,948 $8.22 Phoenix, AZ 16,045 $17.87 4,446 $21.34 5,496 $17.59 Tucson, AZ 2,243 $16.21 858 $20.33 820 $16.18 Los Angeles, CA 39,030 $20.03 7,644 $25.46 12,457 $16.96 Riverside, CA 8,700 $17.82 2,273 $23.73 4,257 $17.11 Sacramento, CA 6,805 $19.31 2,133 $24.99 2,773 $17.76 San Diego, CA 11,541 $19.39 3,013 $24.93 3,063 $17.31 San Francisco, CA 21,167 $23.76 4,276 $30.51 6,105 $21.50 San Jose, CA 8,036 $25.09 1,618 $28.57 2,229 $19.52 Denver, CO 14,243 $21.13 5,432 $23.15 5,394 $19.56 Hartford, CT 5,255 $7.86 1,308 $25.51 2,655 $19.29 Washington, DC 21,207 $21.37 5,794 $24.55 5,349 $19.71 Jacksonville, FL 4,716 $17.74 2,174 $19.77 2,030 $17.47 Miami, FL 18,422 $18.15 5,067 $20.15 4,876 $16.86 Orlando, FL 8,423 $16.78 3,245 $19.25 2,966 $15.98 Tampa, FL 9,691 $17.62 3,852 $18.81 3,356 $15.61 Atlanta, GA 19,224 $18.95 5,773 $21.50 9,081 $16.69 Honolulu, HI 4,014 $18.20 899 $29.52 1,072 $21.81 Chicago, IL 31,451 $19.65 6,523 $27.99 14,414 $17.89 Indianapolis, IN 6,949 $18.63 2,161 $22.44 4,698 $16.72 Louisville, KY 3,846 $17.51 1,279 $21.90 2,928 $18.57 New Orleans, LA 3,658 $7.44 1,246 $21.08 1,407 $19.93 Baltimore, MD 8,891 $19.41 2,912 $23.46 3,957 $6.04 Boston, MA 21,523 $22.52 4,495 $28.56 7,737 $19.07 Detroit, MI 16,389 $18.90 4,694 $24.23 7,310 $18.83 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 20,599 $20.95 5,369 $26.34 9,945 $18.73 Kansas City, MO 8,747 $18.43 2,288 $23.43 5,121 $18.07 St. Louis, MO 9,354 $18.32 2,128 $11.29 3,794 $17.86 Las Vegas, NV 6,479 $17.11 1,792 $23.71 2,000 $17.44 Buffalo, NY 4,419 $18.10 1,229 $22.96 2,087 $17.80 New York, NY 62,964 $22.65 11,609 $28.92 18,241 $19.04 Rochester, NY 3,287 $18.70 1,046 $22.64 1,805 $17.50 Charlotte, NC 7,907 $19.55 2,601 $20.70 4,032 $17.06 Cincinnati, OH 8,084 $10.85 2,176 $22.29 4,661 $17.67 Cleveland, OH 7,034 $18.96 2,157 $23.40 3,842 $17.65 Columbus, OH 8,013 $18.24 2,466 $22.09 5,079 $16.95 Oklahoma City, OK 3,507 $17.49 1,477 $20.93 2,045 $16.76 Portland, OR 10,259 $19.38 3,413 $24.71 5,732 $18.62 Philadelphia, PA 21,572 $19.98 5,153 $25.58 8,526 $18.32 Pittsburgh, PA 10,106 $18.11 2,586 $22.69 4,935 $17.73 Providence, RI 4,485 $19.25 1,382 $24.23 2,304 $17.34 Memphis, TN 3,424 $17.32 897 $20.24 2,800 $15.95 Nashville, TN 7,655 $18.06 1,970 $21.21 3,927 $16.69 Austin, TX 7,754 $20.26 2,530 $19.66 2,552 $16.29 Dallas, TX 24,041 $19.87 6,603 $20.73 10,731 $18.10 Houston, TX 15,479 $19.74 5,838 $22.31 6,811 $20.09 San Antonio, TX 6,002 $17.59 2,277 $19.73 2,757 $16.53 Salt Lake City, UT 6,097 $7.30 1,636 $21.95 2,858 $17.72 Richmond, VA 3,993 $18.59 1,609 $21.73 1,786 $17.40 Virginia Beach, VA 4,584 $16.68 2,041 $21.31 1,805 $18.46 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 17,533 $21.19 5,287 $27.50 7,863 $22.01 Milwaukee, WI 6,689 $19.76 1,988 $24.77 4,290 $18.12 1. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2015 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 2017 The Conference Board. All rights reserved. 18

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