Human Health Hazards and Other Environmental Health Module 5 Public Health Nurse Orientation Public Health Nurse Orientation Human Health Hazards and Other Environmental Health Issues Written by: Rebecca Hovarter, BSN, RN Northeast Region Public Health Nursing Consultant Karen Morris, BSN, RN Western Region Public Health Nursing Consultant Timothy Ringhand, MPH, RN Western Region Public Health Nursing Consultant Presenter: Rebecca Hovarter, BSN, RN Northeast Region Public Health Nursing Consultant 1 2 State Administrative Rule Requirements (HFS 140.04) All local health departments shall assume leadership for developing and maintaining the public health system for their area of jurisdiction and shall provide or arrange for the provision of at least the following services: Provide a generalized public health nursing program Prevent and control communicable disease Prevent other diseases Promote health Abate and remove human health hazards Overview of the Module Section I: Environmental Health in Wisconsin Section II: Environmental Health Resources Section III: Environmental Health Principles Section IV: The Public Health Nurse s Role 3 4 Public Health Nurse Orientation Human Health Hazards and Other Environmental Health Learning Objective: Section I Environmental Health in Wisconsin After completing the module, participants should be able to: Identify the public health environmental health programs in Wisconsin. 5 6 1
What is abatement or removal of human health hazards? Public Health Interventions 7 8 Environmental Health Terms and Definitions Abatement Absorption Acute Acute exposure Adverse health effect Ambient Carcinogen Chronic Chronic exposure Concentration Contaminant Detection limit Dose Environmental media Environmental media and transport mechanism EPA Exposure Exposure assessment Exposure pathway Groundwater Hazard Hazardous waste Human Health Hazard Ingestion Inhalation Minimal risk level (MRL) Plume. Point of exposure Risk Route of exposure Sample Safe Site inspection Source of contamination Surface water Toxic agent Toxicological profile Volatile organic compound (VOC) Wisconsin Statutes: Environmental Health Wisconsin Statute Chapter 254 directs environmental health programs 9 10 Wisconsin Statutes: Environmental Health Wisconsin Statutes: Environmental Health 11 12 2
Division of Public Health Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health Public Health Nurse Orientation Human Health Hazards and Other Environmental Health Division of Public Health Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health Section II Environmental Health Resources Health Hazard Evaluation Lead and Asbestos Food Safety and Recreational Licensing Radiation Protection 13 14 Learning Objective: After completing the section, participants should be able to: Identify environmental health resources available at the local, state, and national levels. 15 Environmental Health Resources Air Issues (Indoor and Outdoor) Asthma Chemical Emergencies Children's Health Disaster Health and Safety Tips Eating Safe Fish Environmental Health Resource Directory Environmental Public Health Tracking Food Safety WI Health Consultations and Public Health Assessments Home Safety Tips Human Health Hazards Lead Poisoning Prevention Licensing and Inspection of Food and Recreational Establishments Mercury Hazards Mosquito and Tick Control Occupational Health Radiation Protection Toxic Chemical Fact Sheets Water Issues Your Community Connection Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/ 16 Environmental Health Resources Health Hazard Evaluation Section Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources http://dnr.wi.gov/ Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/newsroom/ Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/environmental/ Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/2p-data-resources.html National Center for Environmental Health http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ National Center for Occupational Safety and Health http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ 17 Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/ 18 3
Lead & Asbestos Section Food Safety and Recreational Licensing Section Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/lead 19 Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/ 20 Radiation Protection Section Public Health Nurse Orientation Human Health Hazards and Other Environmental Health Section III Environmental Health Principles Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/ 21 22 Learning Objective: What is Environmental Health? After completing the section, participants should be able to: Describe the basic principles of environmental health 23 24 4
Principles of Environmental Health Promote health and quality of life Protect the public from health hazards Protect the environment from contamination Environmental Health Principles for Public Health Nursing Safe and sustainable environments are essential conditions for the public s health. Environmental health is integral to the role and responsibilities of all public health nurses. All public health nurses should possess environmental health knowledge and skills. Environmental health decisions should be grounded in sound science. The Precautionary Principle is a fundamental tenet for all environmental health endeavors. 25 Environmental justice is a right of all populations. 26 Environmental Health Principles for Public Health Nursing Continued Epidemiology Overview Public awareness and community involvement are essential in environmental health decision-making. Communities have a right to relevant and timely information for decisions on environmental health. Environmental health approaches should respect diverse values, beliefs, cultures, and circumstances. Collaboration is essential to effectively protect the health of all people from environmental harm. Environment Environmental health advocacy must be rooted in scientific integrity, honesty, respect for all persons, and social justice. Agent Host Environmental health research addressing the effectiveness and public health impact of nursing interventions should be conducted 27 and disseminated. 28 The Chain of Infection Environmental Health Skills Causative Agent Reservoir Susceptible Host Portal of Exit Assessment Management Communication Portal of Entry Mode of Transmission 29 30 5
Environmental Health Skills Environmental Health Skills Assessment information gathering data analysis evaluation Assessment information gathering data analysis evaluation Management problem solving project management reporting 31 32 Environmental Health Skills Assessment information gathering data analysis evaluation Management problem solving project management reporting Communication education risk communication conflict resolution marketing 33 Public Health Nurse Orientation Human Health Hazards and Other Environmental Health Section IV Environmental Health and the Public Health Nurse s Role 34 Learning Objective: Public Health Nurses and Environmental Health After completing the section, participants should be able to: Recognize the public health nurse s role and skills needed when performing environmental health related activities 35 36 6
Human Health Hazards 37 38 Evans, R. G., & Stoddart, G. L. (1990). Producing health, consuming health care. Social Science and 39 Medicine, 31, 1347-1363. 40 Human Health Hazards Human Health Hazards 41 42 7
Public Health Nursing Interventions Lead Exposure 43 44 Lead Exposure: Resources Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention & Control Handbook Blood Lead Testing of Children Nutrition Pregnancy & Breastfeeding Public Health Intervention for Lead Poisoning Sources of Lead Exposure Treatment of Lead Poisoning 45 Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/lead 46 Lead Exposure: Resources Wisconsin Lead Information: Product Alerts Wisconsin Lead Poisoning Information Knowing the Health Risks of Lead Exposure Training & Certification Protecting Children from Lead Exposure Creating Lead-Safe Housing Tools and Resources Center for Disease Control and Prevention Lead Poisoning Prevention Program Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children: Recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention (2002) 47 Public Health Nurse Interventions: Disease and Health Event Investigation Disease and health event investigation systematically gathers and analyzes data regarding threats to the health of populations, ascertains the sources of the threat, identified cases and others at risk, and determines control measures. 48 8
Public Health Nurse Interventions: Case Finding Public Health Nursing Interventions 49 50 Air Quality Air Quality: Outdoor Wood Burners 51 http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/hlthhaz/fs/waterstoves.htm 52 Air Quality: Mold Mold Information for Consumers Basic Information Mold in Your Home Landlord/Tenant Concerns Contractor Hiring Tips Professional/Technical Information on Mold Frequently Asked Questions Contractors/Consultants Health Professionals Mycotoxins Resources Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/mold/index.htm 53 Air Quality: Radon Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/dph_beh/radonprot/index.htm 54 9
Chemical Emergencies Chemical Emergencies Website: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ehn/ 55 Website:http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/ChemFS/index.htm 56 Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) Meth Labs What HSEES system information has shown: Approximately 9,000 hazardous substances releases occur annually in the 15 states reporting (Wisconsin is one of the 15 states). Releases at facilities account for 70% 75%, and transportation- associated releases account for 25% 30%, of reported events. Most releases occur on weekdays between 6 AM and 6 PM. Releases tend to increase in spring and summer. Releases of hazardous substances most often injure employees, followed by the general public and less frequently first responders and school children. Respiratory irritation and eye irritation are the most commonly reported symptom or injury. 57 Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/chemfs/fs/methclnup.htm#what 58 Chemical Emergencies Foodborne and Waterborne Outbreaks Foodborne Outbreak: 2 or more persons experience a similar illness after ingestion of a common food Poison Control Center 1-800-222-1222. 59 60 10
Foodborne and Waterborne Outbreaks Foodborne and Waterborne Disease Outbreak Investigation Manual Foodborne and Waterborne Outbreaks 61 62 Water Mercury Website; http://dnr.wi.gov/org/water/dwg/ 63 Website: http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/eh/mercury/index.htm 64 Recreational Water Safety Public Health Nursing Interventions 65 66 11
Your Environment Latex Allergies Your Safety Website: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/98-113.html 67 68 Acknowledgments This program was developed through a partnership between the Wisconsin Department of Health Services and the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing through the Linking Education and Practice for Excellence in Public Health Nursing Project funded by DHHS/HRSA/#D11HP07731. This module would not have been possible without the input of the many public health nurses in academia and practice across the State of Wisconsin who contributed to this program. We would like to give special thanks to the those who provided content review of this module. Expert consultation for this module was provided by: Reghan Walsh, Lead and Asbestos Program, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health, Division of Public Health 69 12