UNCLASSIFIED Cleared for Public Release ORS-5 Program Management Review "Operationally Responsive Space The Way Forward Aug 28, 2014 Presented to: AIAA 2015 Small Satellite Conference Utah State University Logan, Utah August 12, 2015 THOM DAVIS, DAF Deputy Director Operationally Responsive Space Office Kirtland AFB, New Mexico DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
ORS Mission and Objectives Mission: Section 2273a of Title 10, United States Code 1. To contribute to the development of low cost, rapid reaction payloads, busses, launch, and launch control capabilities in order to fulfill joint military operational requirements for on-demand space support and reconstitution 2. To coordinate and execute operationally responsive space efforts across the DoD with respect to planning, acquisition, and operations Objectives: 1. Develop End-to-End Enabling Capabilities 2. Respond to Joint Force Commanders Needs 3. AFPEO for Space selected projects accomplished using ORS authorities for operationally responsive acquisition to advance capabilities for established programs of record (new mission area) 2
UNCLASSIFIED/FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ORS Guiding Principles Seven key operating principles guide Office operations: Good Enough Capability Derived from COCOMs (COCOM) Needs - The solution delivers a military capability within the prescribed budget, schedule, and risk constraints fulfilling very specific JFC threshold requirements. Mission Assurance Culture of Tailored Management Activities - utilizes seasoned experience and lessons-learned wisdom to find shortfalls in the development process. Agile management of complex technologies requires a tailored view of development activities, which seeks to utilize robust and proven management activities only to the extent necessary in helping balance the cost, schedule, and good-enough capability thresholds. Adapt Over Innovate and only Innovate Out of Necessity - Adopt validated principles from military and commercial sources. Employ standards-based MOSA in architectural development. To the maximum extent possible, employ existing space and ground architectures, infrastructure, and Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components, with new investments only as necessary. Incorporate TRL-6 or higher technologies into architectural solutions to minimize risk and accelerate development schedules. Apply Cost Constraints - The 2007 NDAA set cost goals for launch vehicle (LV) development to $20M and integrated satellite vehicles to $40M. 3 Deliver system capabilities with a mission life of 3 to 5 years, at 80% reliability. Develop End-to-End Missions - give context to innovations and to tie enabler development to operational capability (i.e., the ORS-1 mission for US Central Command (USCENTCOM)). Collaborate - With National Security Space (NSS) organizations and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to ensure solutions meet stated needs and are transitioned. Form Follows Function ORS solutions take on whatever form is required to deliver the needed capability to the JFC within Office constraints. This principle allows consideration of material solutions of any particular class of satellites, as well as any non-material solutions. UNCLASSIFIED/FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 3
UNCLASSIFIED FOR Cleared OFFICIAL for USE Public ONLY Release USSTRATCOM Urgent Space Needs Blitz Process to Rapidly Deliver Space Capabilities to Joint Force Commander ORS Requirements & Solutions Generation Process: Weather Gap Filler Mission selected by DoD Executive Agent for Space May 2015 Previous Responses to Urgent Need Tasks: NEED UHF SATCOM SSA ISR Strategic Missile Warning Risk Mitigation Space Situational Awareness RECOMMENDED SOLUTION Hosted Payload Innovative Use of National System ORS-1 System Design ORS-5 SensorSat Needs Evaluated GEO SSA SATCOM RF Signals Imaging FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 4
ORS Success Stories S P A C E A N D M I S S I L E S Y S T E M S C E N T E R May 2009 1 st Tactical HSI AFRL s TacSat-3 June 2011 1 st Dedicated COCOM ISR ORS-1 September 2011 1st Comm-on-the-Move NRL s TacSat-4 Fall 2013 Modular Space Vehicle (MSV) ORS-2 November 2013 The Enabler Mission ORS-3 October 2015 Super Strypi Mission ORS-4 Spring 2017 SensorSat Demonstration ORS-5 Transitioned to Operations June 2010 Dedicated CENTCOM Asset Demo Modular Bus Standards Ready to Launch MSV BUS Record 29 CubeSats Deployed Enabler Mission for Responsive Small Launch Space Situational Awareness (SSA)
ORS-1 Mission Supporting US Central Command Urgent Need Specifics Requirements Basis: USCENTCOM Battle- Space Awareness Need Major Customers: USCENTCOM, USSTRATCOM Acquisition: Led by ORS Office (Mission Manager) Executed by SMC Space Development and Test Directorate (Program Manager) Operations: Launched from NASA Wallops 29 Jun 11 Early COCOM acceptance 29 Sept 11 Expanded support to USPACOM AOR Still providing critically needed operational support to warfighters 33 months after launch (one year mission design)
ORS-1 System Architecture Tailored to COCOM Requirements JIOC/CM Ku Band 274 Mbps Encrypted CDL VMOC View Commanding Telemetry Raw Data GSEG AFSCN Commanding Telemetry E-Mail Ephemeris Schedule Info Maintenance Activities DCGS-A Processing & Exploitation Processed Data Processed Data Archives VMOC View Request for Tasking File Promoted Schedule AFWC MMSOC GSA Space Operations Center State of Health OPSCAP/SYSC AP Mission VMOC Terrestrial WX
ORS-2 Mission Modular Space Vehicle Demo Enabler Mission Goals: Develop multi-mission bus architecture Establish as standards-based, modular, rapidly configurable Demonstrate multi-mission bus in modular satellite vehicle Develop multi-mission payload architecture Develop end-to-end modular satellite vehicle processing Establish production-like capability based on modular and/or reconfigurable components Demonstrate rapid Assembly, Integration & Test (AI&T) Status: Modular Space Vehicle (MSV) Bus delivered to ORS in February 2014 for performance testing Original plan was to fly SAR payload; alternate concepts being currently explored 1 st End-to-End Demonstration of a Modular, Reconfigurable System MSV Testbed
ORS-3 Mission Launch & Range Enablers Minotaur I Launch: 19 November 2013 Utilized FAA License Tailored Mission Assurance for commercial-like operations Standard MA for GFE Motors Record Setting SV Deployment ORS/NASA Developed Integrated Payload Stack Multi-manifest of 31 payloads and experiments First Flight Item Success! Integrated Payload Stack Hardware CubeStack Wafers National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dispensers National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sequencer Warfighter Support ORS Supported CubeSat Missions Prometheus ORS Tech 1 and 2 UNCLASSIFIED Cleared for Public Release ORSES Encryption and Software Defined Radio AFSS Certification Flight #1 AFSS demo demonstrated navigation sources tracked successfully. Two certification flights to date
10 Autonomous Flight Safety System (AFSS) ORS Office is developing an AFSS that uses on-board tracking and processing to terminate an errant launch vehicle Traditional Flight Termination Systems rely on a man-inthe-loop to make state of the vehicle based on radar tracking and sensory data sent from onboard the vehicle via telemetry GPS-aided AFSS uses tracking data independent from onboard vehicle instruments to calculate whether a rocket is on course after leaving the launch pad. Continuously determines instantaneous impact point (IIP) of vehicle based on real-time sensor data Makes decision to terminate flight when vehicle becomes hazardous with respect to its predicted IIP being in violation of Range Safety Boundary allowances Two qualification flights to date - AFSS demo demonstrated navigation sources tracked successfully on ORS-3 mission - Third flight planned for ORS-4
Cube Satellite Identification The Motivating Challenge: CubeSats comprised 10% of cataloged Low Earth Objects in 2012 By 2017 CubeSats are estimated to represent 25% of cataloged objects Absence of standards for TTI burden space surveillance networks ORS Office has initiated a two pronged approach to influence space policy for tagging, tracking and identifying (TTI) CubeSats Develop and coordinate written policy, at the DoD & National level, for tagging, tracking and identifying CubeSats post launch Demonstrate a low cost, effective CubeSat tagging, tracking and identification solution which fits into the DoD space enterprise Briefed SAF/SP staff, JFCC Space Commander, and ESA/CNES Small Satellite Conference and received strong reception 10cm X 10cm X 10cm CubeSat 10cm X 10cm X 30cm CubeSat
Mission Goals Near-Term ORS-4 Mission ORS-4 Mission SuperStrypi Low Cost Launch Complete Super Strypi launch system design Install launcher rail and pad at PMRF Mature rocket, launch rail and CONOPS Demonstrate launch system for low earth orbit Payoff Develop launch system to exploit the 21 st century range o Reduced infrastructure - AFSS, GPS metric tracking, space-based telemetry relay, automated flight planning Delivers 300kg/475km/45-degree inclination $12M-$15M fly-away in production Commercial launch services UNCLASSIFIED Cleared for Public Release Description/Milestones Launch Vehicle: Super Strypi Launch Site: Pacific Missile Range Facility Orbit: 97.03 degrees, 450km x 525km Primary Space Vehicle: HiakaSat, Univ of HI Secondary Payloads: NASA Ames EDSN, AFRL, ORS Sqrd Experiment: Autonomous Flight Safety System (AFSS) Partners: PMRF, Sandia Labs, Univ of Hawaii, Aerojet Corp Motor Static Fire Tests (3 stages): Jul 12, Jun 13, Jul 13 Launch slipped due to motor anomaly Launch Date: Oct 15
ORS-5: Ops Demo for SSA Objectives Good Enough solution for STRATCOM SSA Need Reduce Risk for SBSS Follow-on Develop/Demo ORS Enablers/Principles Class C Operational demo with medium risk posture Approach Innovative use of Time Delayed Integration (TDI) technology to maximize search volume Uses Multi-Mission SOC (MMSOC) Ground System Architecture On orbit: FY2017 Focus Areas Demonstrate capabilities o Observability, Latency, Data processing ORS Objectives o Low cost launch, commercial components, automated ops SBSS Follow-on to use ORS Principles Autonomous Operations, Low Cost Launch, Standard Components Support Congressional Policy Objectives
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Mission Objectives Provide continuous GEO SSA from LEO platform Risk Reduction for SBSS Follow-On Demonstrate ORS principles ORS-5 SensorSat Overview (OV1) Operations Terminal (SOC 11) 3SES (Schriever AFB) MMSOC mission control OPAL Mission Processing AFSCN ORS-5 SensorSat Payload On orbit: late FY2017 Innovative use of Time Delayed Integration (TDI) technology to maximize search volume Continuous un-cued rapid GEO belt search to detect new insertions/changes and provide precise regional awareness Baffle design reduces solar gap Uses Multi-Mission SOC (MMSOC) Ground System Architecture Uplink / Downlink uses AFSCN (Guam & Diego Garcia) 120 Kg SV, 600 Km altitude End Users: USSTRATCOM JFCC Space (JSpOC) NASIC FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Low-Cost Launch Service Minotaur IV Commercial contract May 2017 launch 14
Way Ahead Continue to Down Time & Costs Evolution of ORS Costs & Schedule Pathway to ORS Next Cost & Schedule Mission Goals Focus on warfighter Operational mission Cost: -$200M ATP to ILC: 24 months ENABLER FOCUS Integrated Air & Space Ground Architecture Space CDL MOSA application SV-$30-50M P/L-$50-80M L/V-$30-50M GND-$20M Mission Goals Reduce cost of launch and range S&T Mission Cost: $80M ATP to ILC: -18 months ENABLER FOCUS Launch & Range Demonstrate Super Strypi Use commercial practices SV-$20M P/L-$20M L/V-$35M GND-$7M Mission Goals Meet Congressional goals Cost: $60M ENABLER FOCUS Support USSTRATCOM SSA Need Risk Reduction for SBSS Follow-on Demonstrate ORS Enablers SV-$20M P/L-$20M L/V-$20M Mission Goals Exceed Congressional goals Cost: ~$40M ATP to ILC: ENABLER FOCUS Bus responsive space rated parts SV-$5M P/L-$20M L/V-$15M GND-$1M 2008-2012 2012-2014 2014-2017 2015-2018
ORS Enablers MOSA (Modular Open Systems Approach to Acquisition) Super Strypi Open Architecture reduces costs Enables easy reconfigurations Planned small satellite launch vehicle Developed by Sandia National Laboratories, University of Hawaii and Aerojet Government Reference Design Common Designs to address ORS Missions Eliminates NRE to subsequent missions COTS-based solutions to reduce recurring costs Open Manufacturing Eliminates vanishing vendors Fully Digital manufacturing AFSS (Autonomous Flight Safety System) Drop In Replacement to Current Command Destruct Receivers Partnered w/range Safety at 30 th, 45 th and Wallops Responsive Space Rated Components Robust and survivable components Short lead-time items; available <2 months Space Ka-band CDL (Common Data Link) Common Downlink architecture for ORS Ground System Enterprise Digital Mission Assurance Full system knowledge Digital fingerprint of subsystems.
Open Manufacturing Initiative Program Goals and Examples Program Goals Demonstrate autonomous manufacturing of low-volume, high-value assets (Open Manufacturing) Utilize digital techniques to provide mission assurance (Digital Assurance) Identify, characterize, and utilize viable COTS (Responsive Space Parts) 4x 6U Mission-Capable CubeSats Digital Assurance Quality Control through Continuous Custody Open Manufacturing Responsive Space Part Broadreach Rad-Hard CPU BeagleBone Black Development Board Performance: 1GB SDRam (Elpida) 512MB Flash wtmr 1MB L2 Cache Performance: 1GHz ARM Processor 512MB DDR3 RAM 2GB 8-bit flash storage 95% reduction in material cost
ORS Engagement Activities
ORS Next - Weather System Gap Filler Overview Address emerging gaps in Space Based Environmental Monitoring Provide Ocean Surface Vector Wind and Tropical Cyclone Intensity data Prioritized Mission Objectives UNCLASSIFIED Cleared for Public Release 1. Good Enough solution for Joint Staff JROCM Need; Ocean Surface Wind Vector requirements: Refresh rate, Resolution, Speed and Direction Uncertainty 2. Meet Tropical Cyclone Intensity requirements: Refresh rate, Resolution; Frequency bands 3. Utilize ORS Principles to streamline acquisition process Progress/Accomplishments: EXCOM approved Weather Gap filler as an ORS program Acquisition Strategy Document being developed by ORS and SMC/RS
ORS Way Forward Retain capability for Rapid Capabilities Office-like office to address Urgent Needs Integrate ORS into SMC Processes for efficiencies Integrated into SMC safety, security, cybersecurity, and finance ORS staffing focused on innovative acquisition and technical solutions Integrate ORS into SMC Acquisition Identify specific portions of Programs of Record that could benefit from ORS Improve delivery of capability to warfighter 20
Summary ORS is responding to Warfighter needs Developing enabler foundation ORS focused on reducing the cost and time to space Integrating Resiliency, Survivability, Flexibility, and Responsiveness into SMC Programs
ORS Mission Areas ENABLERS URGENT NEEDS Enabling Elements and Enabling Pillars describe the activities to enable accomplishment of the Title 10 ORS mission of providing low cost, rapid reaction payloads, busses, launch, and launch control capabilities. The ORS Office facilitates the response to CDRUSSTRATCOM tasks with assistance from ORS stakeholders. Solutions to urgent need tasks are concurred with by AFPEO SP and CDRUSSTRATCOM and approved by the DoD EA for Space. MSV AFSS ORS-3 ORS-4 Open Manufacturing/ Digital Assurance Tagging ORS-1 ORS-5 RESPONSIVE ACQUISITION 8/11/2015 Space programs identified by the Component Commands that are aligned with ORS efforts and would benefit from ORS Office participation could be designated as ORS programs to enable the ORS Office to conduct the coordinate and execute operationally responsive space efforts across the Department of Defense mission of the ORS Office as required by law. Building the Future of Military Weather System Gap Filler 22
UNCLASSIFIED FOR OFFICIAL Cleared USE for Public ONLY Release ORS-1 Lessons Learned TacSat-3, TacSat-4, and ORS-1 demonstrated that small satellites have military utility Refining requirements directly with warfighter results in out-ofthe-box solutions that work Key stakeholders understand the acquisition, and operational requirements and manage to a good enough mindset Small, agile team key to executing at a fast pace Adequate and stable funding absolute necessity senior leadership buy-in and advocacy required Operational prototype capability costs significantly more than S&T demonstration Don t use Urgent Need for technology development ORS-1 program constantly re-evaluated schedules, approaches, and objectives to explore all acceleration and recovery options FOR OFFICIAL 23 USE ONLY
UNCLASSIFIED FOR OFFICIAL Cleared USE for Public ONLY Release ORS-5 Launch Services ORS-5 launch is via commercial launch services (FAR Part 12) Contract awarded to Orbital Sciences Corporation on 1 July 2015; kickoff meeting held 21 July 2015 4-stage Minotaur IV PK stages as first three stages with Orion 38 4 th stage Addition of Minotaur I orbit insertion stage assembly The MI Insertion Stage Assembly (ISA) (Orion 38) LC-46 at Cape Canaveral AF Station Orbit performance: 160 kg payload into 600 km circular at 0.5 degree inclination Initial Launch Capability 15 May 17 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 24