PNC 110 Pharmacology and Dosage Calculations for Practical Nursing Approved: May 6, 2011 EFFECTIVE DATE: Fall 2011
COURSE PACKAGE FORM Team Leader and Members Date of proposal to Curriculum Sub-committee: Linda Riesdorph and Janet Byrd May 6, 2011 Purpose: X_New Change Delete If this is a change, what is being changed? (Check ALL that apply) Update Prefix Title Learning Units Competencies Format Change Course Description Course Number Textbook Credits Prerequisite Effective Semester/Year Fall 2011 Spring 20 Summer 20 COURSE INFORMATION Prefix & Number: Title: Pharmacology and Dosage Calculations for PNC 110 Practical Nurse Catalog Course Description: Pharmacology and Dosage Calculations for Practical Nurse is a 3 credit class to prepare the Practical Nurse to accurately identify medications, classifications, and calculate doses for patient administration. Credit Hours: Modality: Online: On-Ground: _X Lecture Hours : 3 Lab Hours: Prerequisite(s) Admission to the Practical Nursing Program HES 113 Medical Terminology (3) HES 129 Allied Health Anatomy and Physiology (3) OR BIO 201 Human Anatomy & Physiology I (4) AND BIO 202 Human Anatomy & Physiology (4) Co-requisite(s) PNC 101 Nursing Fundamentals for PN (8)
PNC 120 Gerontology for the Practical Nurse (3) Does this course need a separately scheduled lab component? Yes Does this course require additional fees? If so, please explain. Yes X No X No Is there a similar course in the course bank? Yes (Please identify.) _X No Articulation: Is this course or an equivalent offered at other two and four-year universities in Arizona? _X No Yes (Identify the college, subject, prefix, number and title: Writing Across the Curriculum Rationale: Mohave Community College firmly supports the idea that writing can be used to improve education; students who write in their respective content areas will learn more and retain what they learn better than those who don t. Courses in the core curriculum have been identified as Writing Across the Curriculum courses. Minimum standards for the Writing Across the Curriculum component are: 1. The writing assignments should total 1500 2000 words. For example, a single report which is 1500 words in length OR a series of essay questions and short papers (example: four 375-word assignments) which total 1500 words could meet the requirement. 2. The writing component will represent at least 10% of a student s final grade in the course. Is this course identified as a Writing Across the Curriculum course? Yes X No (See addendum for writing rubrics) Intended Course Goals Educational goals are very general statements of the outcomes students will achieve after completing a course of study. By the end of the semester, students will be able to: 1. Accountability: Describe professional, ethical, and legal aspects of pharmacology within the Practical Nurse scope of practice. 2. Caring: Discuss holistic nursing approach in administering medications across the life-span within the Practical Nurse scope of practice. 3. Communication:
Identify communication skills necessary to administer medications safely and effectively within the Practical Nurse scope of practice 4. Clinical Competency: Identify key elements required for implementation of safe and effective administration of medications across the life-span. 5. Critical Thinking: Define critical thinking processes and relationship to medication administration 6. Culture: Define Practical Nursing considerations necessary to ensure culturally sensitivity is considered during the medication administration process. 7. Learning/Teaching: Identify aspects to consider when administering medications that promote, restore, maintain, and or prevent illness across the life-span 8. Management/Leadership: Define the Practical Nurse s role in pharmacology and medication administration Course Competencies and Objectives Course competencies are statements that clearly express what students will be able to do as a result of the course. Use specific measurable action verbs to express the performance expected. By the end of the semester, students will be able to: Competency 1 Define the general principle of pharmacology Objective 1.1 Define pharmacology Objective 1.2 Discuss different names assigned to drugs Objective 1.3 Contrast prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and controlled substances Objective 1.4 Describe the drug development process in the United States Objective 1.5 Define drug activity and potential reactions Objective 1.6 List factors that may influence drug actions Objective 1.7 Discuss drug tolerance, cumulative drug effect, and drug idiosyncrasy Objective 1.8 List potential drug interactions Objective 1.9 Discuss Practical Nursing implications and observations relating to drug actions, drug interactions, and effects across the life-span Objective 1.10 Discuss implications of herbal medication use Objective 1.11 Discuss cultural, genetic and racial or ethnic factors that may impact a patient s response to medications Competency 2 Define the general principles of drug administration Objective 2.1 List the five + 1 rights of drug administration and provide rational Objective 2.2 Describe the principles of drug administration Objective 2.3 Identify several different types of medication orders Objective 2.4 Describe principles and guidelines the Practical Nurse should follow to prepare for drug administration Objective 2.5 Discuss the Joint Commission s National Patient Safety Goals and Institute for Safe Medication Practices website and medication-related errors
Objective 2.6 Describe several types of medication-dispensing systems Objective 2.7 Describe the process of administering oral and parenteral drugs Objective 2.8 Describe the process and rational for administering drugs topically and via mucous membranes Objective 2.9 Discuss the Practical Nurse responsibility before, during, and after drug administration Competency 3 Accurately calculate drug dosages for infant, pediatric, children, adult, and geriatric patients Objective 3.1 Discuss the rational for manual redundancy in drug administration Objective 3.2 List drug label information required for dosage calculations Objective 3.3 Describe the rational for placement of zero (0) in writing drug doses Objective 3.4 Describe and demonstrate the basic formula method of calculating dosages Objective 3.5 Accurately convert units for dosage calculations Objective 3.6 Describe and demonstrate the ratio and proportion method for dosage calculations Objective 3.7 Describe and demonstrate the process of dosage calculations using dimensional analysis Objective 3.8 Demonstrate calculating kilograms to pounds and pounds to kilograms Objective 3.9 Demonstrate correct infusion rate calculations for un-medicated and medicated intravenous infusions. Objective 3.10 Regulate rates for un-medicated IV fluids (e.g.: D5W, saline solution, and Ringers solution). Competency 4 Apply the nursing process to medication administration safety and drug therapy Objective 4.1 Review the five phase of the nursing process Objective 4.2 Discuss how the nursing process applies and relates to drug administration Objective 4.3 Compare and contrast subjective and objective data Objective 4.4 List common Practical Nursing interventions and observations related to drug administration Objective 4.5 Discuss the importance of a teaching plan Competency 5 Discuss the Practical Nurse role as it relates to the nursing care of a patient receiving anti-infective drugs Objective 5.1 Explore the general concepts and principles of anti-infective therapy Objective 5.2 Discuss Practical Nursing observations, the mechanisms of action, indications, cautions, contraindications, side effects, routes of administration and drug interactions for sulfonamides, penicillins, cepalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and miscellaneous other anti-infective drugs Objective 5.3 Discuss Practical Nursing observations, the mechanism of action, indications cautions, contraindications, routes, adverse effects and toxic effects of various anti-viral drugs Objective 5.4 Discuss Practical Nursing observations, the mechanism of action, indications cautions, contraindications, routes, adverse effects and toxic effects of various anti-tubercular drugs Objective 5.5 Discuss Practical Nursing observations, the mechanism of action, indications cautions, contraindications, routes, adverse effects and toxic effects of various anti-fungal and anti-parasitic drugs Objective 5.6 Describe the role of the Practical Nurse in preadmission and ongoing observations of patients taking anti-invectives, anti-viral, anti-tubercular, anti-fungal, and antiparasitic drugs
Objective 5.7 Describe the pharmacological management of anaphylactic shock Objective 5.8 Discuss factors relating to administration of anti-infective drugs to geriatric patients Objective 5.9 Regulation of rates for medicated IV fluids e.g.: Classes of Anti-Infective Cephalosporins, Penicillins, Amino glycosides, Fluoroquinolones, and Macrolides; as well as other antiinfectives including Clindayccin (Cleocin), Metronidazole (Flagyl), Doxycycline (Vibramycin), Vancomycin, Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) Competency 6 Describe pharmacologic approaches for the management of acute and chronic pain Objective 6.1 Describe Practical Nursing observations, the mechanism of action, indications, dosages, routes of administration, adverse effects, toxicity, cautions, contraindications and drug interactions of nonopioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioid agonists, opioids with mixed actions, antagonists, and miscellaneous drugs Objective 6.2 Identify examples of drugs classified as nonopioids, nonsteroidal intiinflammatory drugs, opioid agonists, opioids with mixed actions, opioid antagonists, as well as any miscellaneous drugs Objective 6.3 Briefly describe special pain situations as well as specific standards of pain management as defined by the World Health Organization and the Joint Commission. Objective 6.4 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering pain medications to geriatric patients Competency 7 Describe the role of the Practical Nurse in providing care for the patient undergoing general anesthesia, local anesthesia, and moderate or conscious sedation Objective 7.1 Discuss the most commonly used medications for general and local anesthetics and associated risks of each Objective 7.2 Compare the mechanisms of action, indications, adverse effects, routes of administration, cautions, contraindications, and drug interactions for general and local anesthesia as well as drugs used for moderate or conscious sedation Objective 7.3 Discuss important Practical Nursing observations associated with providing care to the anesthetized patient Objective 7.4. Discuss Practical Nursing implications when anesthetics are administered to the geriatric patient Competency 8 Describe physiological effects of central nervous system depressant and stimulant drugs Objective 8.1 Review the anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system Objective 8.2 Contrast mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and indications of benzodiazepines, barbiturates, hypnotics, muscle relaxants and CNS stimulant drugs. Objective 8.3 Discuss the Practical Nurses role as it relates to providing care to patients receiving any central nervous system depressant or stimulant drugs Objective 8.4 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering central nervous system depressant and stimulant drugs to the geriatric patient Competency 9 Contrast the physiologic effects of drugs affecting the autonomic and peripheral nervous systems. Objective 9.1 Review the activity and structures of the autonomic nervous system including the sympathetic branch Objective 9.2 Discuss Practical Nursing observations, the mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, indications, adverse and toxic effects, cautions, contraindications, drug interactions and available antidotal management for the various adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetic drugs
Objective 9.3 Discuss Practical Nursing observations, the mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, indications, adverse and toxic effects, cautions, contraindications, drug interactions, dosages, routes of administration and any antidotal management for the various alpha antagonists (blockers), beta nonselective blockers and the beta 1 and beta 2 blockers Objective 9.4 Discuss Practical Nursing observations, the mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration and any antidotal management for the cholinergic agonists or parasympathomimetics Objective 9.5 Discuss Practical Nursing observations, the mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration and any antidotal management for the cholinergic antagonists Objective 9.6 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering adrenergic, adrenergic blocking, cholinergic, and anticholinergic drugs to the geriatric patient Competency 10 Contrast effects of drugs that affect the neuromuscular and selected nervous systems Objective 10.1 Discuss clinical manifestations of Alzheimer s disease, epilepsy, Parkinson s disease, and Myasthenia Gravis Objective 10.2 Discuss Practical Nurse observations, mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering cholinesterase inhibitors Objective 10.3 Discuss Practical Nurse observations, mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering anti-parkinsonian drugs Objective 10.4 List and describe the management of different types of epilepsy Objective 10.5 Discuss the mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, indications, adverse and toxic effects, drug interactions, cautions, contraindications, dosages, routes of administration when administering anticonvulsants Objective 10.6 Discuss Practical Nurse observations, mechanisms of action dosages, indications and adverse effects of drugs used to treat Myasthenia Gravis Objective 10.7 Discuss Practical Nurse observations, mechanisms of action, dosages, indications, and adverse effects of drugs used to treat bone and joint disorders Objective 10.8 Discuss important Practical Nursing observations associated with providing care to patients receiving cholinesterase inhibitors, anti-parkinsonian, and anticonvulsants drugs Objective 10.9 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering cholinesterase inhibitors, anti-parkinsonian, and anticonvulsants to the geriatric patient Competency 11 Contrast effects of drugs that affect the respiratory system Objective 11.1 Review the structures and functions of the respiratory systems Objective 11.2 Discuss Practical Nurse observations, mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering antitussives, mucolytics, expectorants, antihistamines, decongestants, bronchodilators, and antiasthma drugs Objective 11.3 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering antitussives, mucolytics, expectorants, antihistamines, decongestants, bronchodilators, and antiasthma drugs to the geriatric patient Competency 12 Contrast the effects of drugs that affect the cardiovascular system Objective 12.1 Review the structure and function of the cardiovascular system including various types of heart failure
Objective 12.2 Define cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels and the affect on the cardiovascular system. Objective 12.3 List various types of hypertension and identify normal and abnormal blood pressure values Objective 12.4 Define hemostasis and thrombosis Objective 12.5 Briefly discuss common types of cardiac arrhythmias Objective 12.6 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antianginal, anticoagulant, thrombolytic, cardiotonics, inotropic, and antiarrhythmic drugs Objective 12.7 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antianginal, anticoagulant, thrombolytic, cardiotonics, inotropic, and antiarrhythmic drugs to the geriatric patient Competency 13 Contrast the effects of drugs that affect the gastrointestinal system Objective 13.1 Review the structures and function of the gastrointestinal system Objective 13.2 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering antacids, histamine 2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and acid suppressant drugs Objective 13.3 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering antidiarrheals, laxatives and irritable bowel syndrome drugs Objective 13.4 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering antiemetic and antinausea drugs Objective 13.5 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering drugs effecting the upper and low gastrointestinal systems to the geriatric patient Competency 14 Contrast the effects of drugs that affect the endocrine systems Objective 14.1 Review the structures and actions of the endocrine systems Objective 14.2 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering antidiabetic, pituitary, and adrenocortical hormones, thyroid, and antithyroid hormones, male and female hormones, and drugs acting on the uterus Objective 14.3 Compare rapid, short, intermediate and long-acting insulin with regard to onset of action, peak effect and duration of action Objective 14.4 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering antidiabetic, pituitary, and adrenocortical hormones, thyroid, and antithyroid hormones, male and female hormones, and drugs acting on the uterus to the geriatric patient Competency 15 Contrast the effects of drugs that affect the urinary system Objective 15.1 Review the structure and function of the urinary system Objective 15.2 Discuss Practical Nurse observations, mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering diuretics, urinary tract anti-infectives, antispasmodic drugs Objective 15.3 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering diuretics, urinary tract anti-infectives, antispasmodic drugs to the geriatric patient
Competency 16 Contrast effects of drugs that affect the immune system including biologic response modifier therapy Objective 16.1 Review the structures and functions of the immune system Objective 16.2 Briefly discuss humoral and cell-mediated immunity Objective 16.3 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration associated with immunologic agents Objective 16.4 Briefly describe cell-cycle specificity Objective 16.5 Discuss Practical Nurse observations, mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration associated with antineoplastic agents and biologic response modifier therapy Objective 16.6 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration associated with immunostimulants Objective 16.7 Discuss Practical Nursing implications associated with immunologic agents, antineoplastic agents, biologic response modifier therapy, and immunostimulants and the geriatric patient Competency 17 Discuss the effects of drugs used to treat skin disorders Objective 17.1 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering topical anti-infectives, topical antibiotics, topical antifungals, topical antiviral, topical corticosteroids, antipsoriatic, and enzyme preparations Objective 17.2 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administering topical antiinfectives, topical antibiotics, topical antifungals, topical antiviral, topical corticosteroids, antipsoriatic, and enzyme preparations to the geriatric patient Competency 18 Discuss the effects of drugs used to treat optic and ophthalmic disorders Objective 18.1 Discuss Practical Nurse observations mechanisms of action, therapeutic dosages, routes of administration when administering optic and ophthalmic medications Objective 18.2 Discuss Practical Nursing implications when administeringtopical optic and ophthalmic medications to the geriatric patient Competency 19 Discuss the effects of fluids, electrolytes, and parenteral therapy Objective 19.1 Identify and discuss the electrolyte solutions commonly used to correct states of deficiency or excess Objective 19.2 Compare the various solutions used to expand and/or decrease a patient s fluid volume and electrolytes with regard to mechanism of action, purpose of use and specific antidotes available to counter any toxic effects Objective 19.3 Discuss important Practical Nurse observations when providing care to patients receiving fluids, electrolytes, parenteral therapy, and blood products Objective 19.4 Define Practical Nursing implications when administering fluids, electrolytes, parenteral therapy, and blood products to geriatric patients
Teacher s Guide Course Textbook, Materials and Equipment Textbook(s) Title Clinical Pharmacology for the PN 9 th Edition Author(s) Susan M. Ford, Sally S. Roach Publisher Wolters Kluwer-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-1-60547-633-9 Software/ Equipment Textbook Costs Title Author(s) Publisher ISBN Please indicate how much the textbook would cost if purchased through Barnes & Noble: Course Assessments Description of Possible Course Assessments (Essays, multiple choice, etc.) Exams standardized for this course? _X_ Midterm _X_ Final Other (Please specify): Where can faculty members locate or access the required standardized exams for this course? (Contact Person and Location) Example: NCK Academic Chair Office Four 50 multiple choice question exams, one 100 multiple choice final exam Are exams required by the department? X Yes No If Yes, please specify: Faculty member Director of PN Program Director of Nursing Programs Student Outcomes: Identify the general education goals for student learning that is a component of this course. Check all that apply: 1. Communicate effectively. a. Read and comprehend at a college level. X b. Write effectively in a college setting. X 2. Demonstrate effective quantitative reasoning and X problem solving skills. Method of Assessment Exams, class discussion, demonstrations, and presentations Pharmacology dosage exams 3. Demonstrate effective qualitative reasoning skills. X Pharmacology dosage exams 4. Apply effective methods of inquiry. a. Generate research paper by gathering information Exams, class discussion, demonstrations, and
from varied sources, analyzing data and organizing information into a coherent structure. b. Employ the scientific method. X 5. Demonstrate sensitivity to diversity a. Experience the creative products of humanity. X b. Describe alternate historical, cultural, global perspectives. presentations Pharmacological differences related to Cultural aspects Learning Units A learning unit is a set of teaching activities and study materials that focuses on a topic and is used to meet the competencies and objectives intended for that topic. Learning Unit Topic 1: Foundations of Clinical Pharmacology Competency: 1,2,3, and 4 Objectives: 1.1 to 1-11; 2.1 to 2.9; 3.1 to 3.10; and 4.1 to 4.5 Chapters: 1, 2, 3, and 4 Review Basic pharmacology principles and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 2: Anti-infectives Competency: 5 Objectives: 5.1 to 5-9 Chapters: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 Review anti-infective medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 3: Pain management Competency: 6 Objectives: 6.1 to 6.4 Chapters:14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 Review pain management medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 4: Central nervous systems Competency: 7 and 8 Objectives: 7.1 to 7.4 and 8.1 to 8.4 Chapters: 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 Review central nervous system medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 5: Peripheral nervous system Competency: 9 Objectives: 9.1 to 9.6 Chapters: 24, 25, 26, and 27 Review peripheral nervous system medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 6: Neuromuscular system
Competency: 10 Objectives: 10.1 to 10.9 Chapters: 28, 29,30, and 31 Review neuromuscular system medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 7: Respiratory system Competency: 11 Objectives: 11.1 to 11.3 Chapters: 32, 33, and 34 Review respiratory system medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 8: Cardiovascular system Competency: 12 Objectives: 12.1 to 12.7 Chapters: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, and 40 Review cardiovascular system medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 9: Gastrointestinal system Competency: 13 Objectives: 13.1 to 13.5 Chapters: 41 and 42 Review gastrointestinal system medication, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 10: Endocrine system Competency: 14 Objectives: 14.1 to 14.4 Chapters: 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47 Review endocrine system medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 11: Urinary system Competency: 15 Objectives: 15.1 to 15.3 Chapters: 48 and 49 Review urinary system medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 12: Immune system Competency: 16 Objectives: 16.1 to 16.7 Chapters: 50, 51, and 52 Review immune system medications, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI
Learning Unit Topic 13: Skin disorders Competency: 17 Objectives: 17.1 to 17.2 Chapters: 53 Review medications used to treat skin disorders, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 14: Optic and ophthalmic disorders Competency: 18 Objectives: 18.1 to 18.2 Chapters: 54 Review medications used to treat optic and ophthalmic disorders, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 15: Fluids, electrolytes, and parenteral therapy Competency: 19 Objectives: 19.1 to 19.4 Chapters: 55 Review fluids, electrolytes, and parenteral therapy, pharmacology principles, and dosage calculations on ATI Learning Unit Topic 16: Competency: Objectives: Activities/ Assignments: