American Civil War in Virginia (1861-1865) Student Name: Date: For each of the following questions, fill-in-the-blanks: Questions/Statements Prelude to War: 1. In the North, industrialization led to development of societies; and, in the South, societies developed based upon the production of raw materials used in Northern and European industrial societies. 2. The Compromise of 1850 was an intricate package of bills designed to defuse a confrontation between and free states over territorial expansion. 3. The Slave Act was one of the bills included in the Compromise of 1850. 4. By the Fugitive Slave Act, any freed blacks living in the North had to be (jailed, sent to Africa, returned to their masters.) 5. Abolitionist societies were active in the United States before (1700, 1800, 1900). And, by 1808 the importation of slaves into the United States was officially (banned, sanctioned, permitted). 6. In the 1830s, William Lloyd (founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society) demanded that slave-owners repent immediately and set up a system of immediate emancipation. 7. Metaphorically, the escape routes for slaves seeking freedom in the North were referred to as the and stops along the way were called stations.
8. is called the Father of the Underground Railroad because he helped many hundreds of slaves escape to freedom in the North. 9. wrote the famous abolitionist book Uncle Tom s Cabin. 10. Uncle Tom s Cabin was a very popular play of the day. 11. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed residents of these new territories to decide the question of whether or not to allow within their boundaries. 12. After 1854, Kansas became a keg that exploded into a bloody civil war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery residents. 13. The Chief Justice of the Supreme court at the time of the Dred Scott case was a southerner named. His court s decided that slaves were NOT citizens but the same as any other. 14. John Brown led a raid on the armory at in present-day WV. 15. John Brown was accused of against the state of Virginia. 16. The leader of United States troops that captured John Brown was of Virginia. 17. Lincoln (a Republican) was elected because the (the dominant political party in the United States) were divided over the issue of slavery. 18. The act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity is called. 19. states declared their secession from the Union before Lincoln took office. 20. The constitution of the Confederate States of America (C.S.A.) (allowed/prohibited) importation of slaves from other countries (e.g., from Africa.)
21. was selected as the provisional President of the CSA in February of 1861 (before Lincoln took office in March of 1861). st 22. The 1 or provisional capitol of the C.S.A. was located in, Alabama. It was later moved to, Virginia. 23. Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on, 1861. 24. Lincoln s Secretary of State was of NY. 25. In his Inaugural Address, Lincoln ended with an Appeal for (i.e., getting back together). 26. After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and Lincoln s subsequent call for troops more states (including Virginia) declared their secession from the Union. 27. At their Secession Conference, Virginia at first voted (for, against) secession. 28. Lincoln told the delegation from Virginia that he (would or would not) invade the South or use force against...the people anywhere; but, two days later after Fort Sumter was fired upon, Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 military volunteers to invade the South and put down the rebellion of the Confederate States. 29. After Lincoln announced his intent to invade the South, Virginia s delegates to the Secession Conference voted (for, against) secession. And later, the people of Virginia voted (by close majority, overwhelmingly) for the Ordinance of Secession. 30 Secession Conference delegates from present-day WV voted (for, against) secession. Later, the people of present-day WV voted to repeal the Virginia Ordinance of Secession and become a separate State (i.e., the State of WV).
31. Abraham Lincoln issued a Proclamation calling for 75,000 militiamen in order to put down the rebellion by Southern states calling themselves the Confederate States of America (C.S.A.). This proclamation was a defacto which by the US Constitution is a power granted to the Congress by Article One. 32. In May 1861, Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, issued a War Proclamation with his determination to repel (the Union s planned) invasion of the Southern States. 33. Unionists believed that the formation of the C.S.A. by Southern States was an act of or insurrection not an Act of War by a foreign power. The American Civil War in Virginia: 34. The first major actions of the Union Army were in Virginia. They invaded Virginia at st and engaged Confederate forces at 1. 35. After Virginia seceded, the Confederate capitol was moved from Montgomery, AL to Virginia. And, Union forces wanted to take the capitol by rail through Junction in Northern Virginia which gave rise to the Battle of 1 st. 36. When Union troops entered Alexandria, Virginia by boat at the wharf, Confederate troops retreated from the city; but, the manager of the House Tavern was flying a Confederate flag which led to his death by the hand of a Union soldier who shot him for killing his captain who had torn down the CSA flag. 37. Union troops first invaded Virginia across the Bridge which was over the Potomac river near the present-day RR bridge between Washington, DC and Arlington, Virginia. 38. In the 1860s, the RR route to Richmond from Washington (i.e., Alexandria) was the Alexandria & Orange RR that had a major junction connection with the Shenandoah Valley at Manassas. So, the Union wanted to take control of as a part of their effort to take control of Richmond (i.e., the Confederate capitol).
st 39. At the battle of 1 Manassas, Union troops were doing good until Stonewall Jackson got his men to stand fast between the Union troops and the RR station at Manassas Junction and overwhelming numbers of additional Confederate troops were brought to the battle from the Shenandoah by way of the Manassas Gap RR. 40. The Union retreat from Manassas was a rout called the Great by Southerners. 41. Gen. Scott & McClellan s grand Union strategy for suppressing the rebellion was to the disorganized confederate nation and bring it to terms. 42. The Confederate strategy for fighting the Civil War was to defend against the Northern and force the Union to recognize Southern independence thru military and/or diplomatic means. 43. was the farm commodity the South sought to use as a diplomatic weapon against the Northern and European industrial societies. 44. The Union used surrogate like Henry Ward Beecher to convince the not to support the South in its War for/against slavery which they had abolished as an institution. 45, The Confederate use of cotton to obtain foreign support for the South during the American Civil War was (successful/unsuccessful). 46. The Union blockade of Southern exports (helped/hurt) the Southern economy. 47. The Confederate sunk the USF Cumberland which was on blockade duty off the Atlantic coast. 48. The Union was its first ironclad ship. 49. After the Great Skedaddle, rebuilt the Union Army of the Potomac and brought it down to Fort Monroe to wage the Peninsular Campaign from Yorktown to Richmond. 50. The principal battles of the Peninsular Campaign were Yorktown, 7 Pines/Fair Oaks, and the battle. 51. During the Peninsular Campaign, Confederate troops were 1 led by Joseph Johnston and st then by.
52. After the battle of Yorktown, Union troops built roads and RR bridges as they went up the Peninsula toward. 53. While McClellan was fighting his way up the Peninsula toward, Stonewall Jackson was fighting/defeating 3 distinct Union armies in Northern Virginia and in the Valley. Stonewall Jackson 54. Johnston was shot at 7 Pines/Fair Oaks and Robert E. Lee took over command of the Army of Virginia which then fought the 7 days Battles from Oak Grove to. 55. Although the Confederates lost most engagements during the Peninsular Campaign, they were able to force McClellan s from Harrison s Landing back to Washington, DC from where they had started their Campaign. 56. In August of 1862, Union forces once again attacked Confederates at Junction on the Orange and Alexandria RR. nd 57. The 2 Battle of Manassas ended in another Great by Union troops who were driven back to Centreville, VA. st 58. In July of 1862, Lincoln read the 1 Draft of his Proclamation to members of his Cabinet. 59. Abraham Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation (1862) only freed slaves in States that were in from the Union. 60. By July of 1865, nearly million slaves in the South were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation. 61. In reacting to Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation, Jefferson Davis threatened to turn captive Union officers over to Confederate states for trial as criminals engaged in exciting servile (i.e., rebellion of slaves in the South). 62. Having failed to capture Manassas as a route to Richmond, Union forces decided to go to Richmond by boat thru the landing at Aquia Creek which connected to Richmond on the Fredericksburg and Richmond RR. This meant taking and another major battle started there. 63. Union forces took great losses at Fredericksburg before withdrawing across the river to Falmouth where they stayed for the Winter.
64. In the Spring of 1863, Union troops under Hooker were still on the Rappahannock River and decided to attack the Confederates at. 65. In his General Orders No. 59, Robert E. Lee praised the conduct of his troops at Chancellorsville under the command of Jackson, Early, and Stuart. [This was very unusual since Confederate troops were always considered heroic and praise was rarely given.] 66. In January of 1863, was allowed to form a Battalion of Virginia Cavalry to conduct lightning strikes disruptingunion communications and supply lines in Northern Virginia. His Rangers eluded capture and harassed the enemy until the end of the War 67. In 1863, West Virginia became a separate. Union sympathizers in Virginia s Western counties were (for/against) secession; and, they first formed the Reorganized State of Virginia which then allowed its Western counties to petition the Union for recognition as a separate State (i.e., West Virginia). 68. People in the North who were against the War were called. The chief of these (i.e., Vallandigham) was arrested and convicted of uttering disloyal sentiments. 69. As an opening engagement of the Campaign that went to Gettysburg, PA, Jeb Stuart fought a large cavalry battle with Union forces at near Culpeper, VA. 70. In June/July 1863, Confederate troops invaded the North and fought one of the biggest battles of the War at, PA. rd 71. On July 3, Longstreet s Corp, which included Division of Virginians, unsuccessfully charged the center of the Union line with devastating losses. 72. On Nov. 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln gave a famous, short speech at Gettysburg with started with the words: Four score and seven years ago... This number is years. Lincoln s speech ended with the words: government of the people, by the people, and the people, shall not perish from the earth. 73. U. S. Grant was a graduate of military academy. 74. Grant s strategy for wining the war included having invade Georgia and capture Atlanta which was a major RR terminal in the South.
75. In 1864, Grant put his cavalry commander in charge of all Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley and he carried out a earth campaign there which was designed to ruin the farming economy in the Valley. 76. Grant s campaign against Lee in central Virginia was called the Campaign. The three largest battles of this campaign were at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and. 77. During Grant s Overland Campaign, both armies lost about their strength. 78. The Overland Campaign ended with Grant s Siege of Petersburg which was a 9-month battle in the (fields, forests, trenches) just South of Richmond, VA. 79. While Grant and Lee were fighting battles at Petersburg, Lincoln was running for re-election as the nominee of the Party. 80. Lincoln s principal opponent in the election of 1864 was who he had appointed and fired twice as the head of his Union Army. Lincoln won the election. 81 While Confederate troops were starving in the trenches at Petersburg, Union troops were well supplied by ships from their depot at on the James River near Petersburg. 82. After Lee withdrew from the trenches at Petersburg, Confederate officials withdrew from Richmond and attempted to set up a temporary government at, VA. th 83. Lincoln entered Richmond on April 4, 1865 as Lee s troops were moving westward toward, VA. 84. On April 9, 1865, Lee s Army of Northern Virginia was surrounded and cut off from supplies at Courthouse, VA where he surrendered. 85. After the Confederates surrendered, Union troops shared their coffee and with the rebels who were entirely without food. 86. The (Union or CSA) had more men who were killed in action or died of disease during the War. But, the Union had won the War.